Parasika yavani- Hyoscyamus niger linn• Though it is a native of Himalayas, it was probably unknown to ancient

Hindu physicians. But, it has found mention in later Sanskrit writing . The plant was well known to Greeks, Persians and Arabians. There were three kinds, white, black and red mentioned in Hyoscyamus of which white was the preferred variety. It was used as a household drug. Dioscorides has mentioned about drug in his literature. It is written about even in 'The Arabian Nights' and in Anglo-Saxon work on medicine. Eastern writers referred to it as intoxicating & narcotic. It was applied to relieve pain related to inflammatory swellings. There was no mental excitement or sensory illusion associated with it except an overpowering tendency to sleep which come on and lasted for 11 hours when taken internally. The records show discrepancies arising from use of Hyoscyamine, the principal alkaloid of the plant, these were attributed to the use of impure or inert samples of the alkaloid.

Vernacular Names:-San:- yavani, madakariniHin:- khurasani ajawainpan:- khurasani ajawainMar:- khurasani ovaGuj:- khurasani ajamatam:- kurasani momamtel:- kurasani yamaanieng:- Henbane

Synonyms:-Parasika yavaniMadakariniyaavani

Habitat:-west Himalayan regions from Kashmir to Khumau, cultivated in Punjab, UP, Ajmer, Mumbai.

Morphology:- It is an erect, annual or biennial, hairy and viscid herb with bad odour. Stem grows up to few meters in high. Radical leaves are smaller, sessile, ovate,. Flowers appear from August- September. Seeds are compressed, many.

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Chemical Composition:-Seeds- 25-30% Constant oilFlower- alkalines- Hyoscyamine , Hyoscine

Properties:-Guna:- RukshaRasa:- Tikta, katuVeerya- usnaVipaka- KatuPrabhava:- Madaka, Vedanastaphana

Dosha Karma:-Pittavardak, Kaphavatashmaka

Systemic,,,ActionHyoscyamus has narcotic property.

It is principally employed as a sedative in nervous affections and irritable conditions,such as asthma and whooping cough,It is also used to counteract the griping action of purgatives and to relievespasms…in…the…urinary tract. Hyoscyamus leaves have been employed externallyto relieve pain, but their utility for this purpose is not well established. It haspungent, astringent, diuretic, alterative, antiperiodic and purgative properties. Plantis used in piles, skin eruptions, dysentery eye and liver complaints, rheumatism,scabies, bronchial affections and in leprosy. Leaves useful in gonorrhea. Roots incancer, stomach troubles and bladder stones. Seeds are useful in bronchial affectionsand in leprosy. Branches and roots useful as tooth brushes. Powdered seeds andsmoke from burning seeds are applied to relieve toothache. A suppository preparedfrom seeds is used in painful affections of the uterus. The seeds are also employed inpoultices for eye troubles.

Useful Part:-patrapuspabeeja

Dosage:-powder - .25 to 1 gm

Toxicity

The plant, especially the seeds, in large doses, produces poisonous effects similar to those of Datura poisoning, such as dryness of the tongue and mouth, giddiness and delirium. The plant if eaten by livestock affects the yields of milk and butter.

Treatment

Stomach wash by ryles tube, later give cow’s or goat’s milk

Special preparations:-Parashiyadi churna

Quotations:-

यवानि यावनि रुक्षा ग्राहिणि मोहिनि ट ु : (रा.नि)पारसिटयवानि त यवानििद्रशा ग ि:ै

ववशषेात ्पाचनि रुच्या ग्राहिणि माहिनि ग रु:(भा.नि)पारिीटयवनिटा पीता पय्र वषतवाररिा प्रात:

ग डपूवाा क्रसमजाल ंटोष्ुगत ंपातयत्याश ( च.ि )