2. involving the surgery of fetuses, infants,children,
adolescents,and young adultsthe 20thPediatric Pediatriccentury
assurgery is a surgerysubspecialtythe surgical of surgery care of
birth defectsSubspecialties ofpediatric surgeryitself
include:neonatal surgeryand fetal surgery. 3. Pediatric diseases
treated by surgery 4. Surgery vascular Conduits for Vascular
Reconstruction in the Pediatric Patientarterial and venous Such
factors includegrafts, such as Manyfactors the small caliber
ofgreat saphenous must be their vessels, theand internal
iliacconsideredpossibility of spasm,the risk of infection,veins and
internalwhendealing the propensity formammary,radial, with this
patient children to rapidlyandhypogastricpopulation. form
collateralarteriescirculation 5. Otolaryngology diseases Serous
otitisprocess characterized mainly affectsby collection of
serousfluid or mucous in thechildren undermiddle ear space. 8 years
6. The Role of the Eustachiantube causesdeafnessmouth
breathingSYMPTOMS otalgia 7. MEDICAL TREATMENT steroidal anti- oral
inflammatoryantihistamines 8. Acute otitis
mediaHaemophilusinfluenzae in culture positive figures close to 50%
of thepatients studiedEtiologyViral infection usually precedes the
bacteria 9. amoxicillin TREATMENTcefuroxime Amoxicillin-
axetilClavulanic 10. OtorrheaThe mucous the light to otorrhea due
middle ear to middle eardisordersdisease the pathology of purulent
outer ormiddle 11. Hearing screening in newborns otoacoustic
emissions and should be performed after 48 hours first must be made
within 7 days and months of life, using detection of otoacoustic
emissions (OEA)second ABR Auditory Brainstem conventional (PTC) to
be held between the first and second month of third life. 12.
Rhinosinusitis aspiration of the germs is after the origin of the
problem PathogenyThe nasal flora is an ideal medium for their
proliferation, initiating the infectious 13. Treatment
Humidification antibioticsnasal washestopical mucolytics
corticosteroids antihistamines 14. Allergic rhinitis
hydrorrheaobstruction symptomsitchingsneezing 15. treatment topical
and oralantihistaminesoral and topicaltopical and
oralcorticosteroidsdecongestantsAnticholinergics topical 16. Acute
pharyngitisinfectious process ofthe pharynx, of which the most
notorious and frequentinvolvement of thepalatine tonsils 17.
Treatmentantipyretic and alternative penicillinanalgesic
erythromycin 18. Transplants in children 19. Organ transplants are
a very serious and complex health in our countryThe most common
transplantin general (both children and adults) is the kidneyIn
regard to children a yearare about 70Transplants inchildren in
ourcountry the needs would be 100 the pediatric donors represented
3.4% of donors which sometimesis not enough 20. What are the
Neonatal Livercauses?transplantationAcute liverfailureand chronic
21. :Pediatric patients account for Neonatal Liver about 12.5% of
liver transplanttransplantation recipients.Medical treatment,
surgery, andpostsurgical care can be broken into4 basic steps:
1-Candidate evaluation 2- Waiting period 3- Surgery 4- Postsurgical
care 22. Medical management is generally divided into pretransplant
and posttransplant periods Neonatal Livertransplantation
Nutritional status impactsboth pretransplant and posttransplant
outcomes, especially in the pediatric population, because of
anincreased incidence of cholestatic liver diseases. 23. Bone
marrowtransplantationThe majority in childrenof cases iswhen a
person has leukemia What is bone marrowtransplantation?Involves
extracting stemcells and grafted into thepatient who needs
toregenerate an organ 24. Leukemia and stem cellsThe extraction of
stem cells can produce new whiteblood cells altered in leukemia 25.
TYPES OF SURGERY IN LEUKEMIAAutologous Umbilical CordAllogeneic Is
when the It is called when The donor is an the source ofumbilical
cord stem cell allogeneic stemsource is thecell is a
personpatientother than the patient 26. UROLOGY DESEASEHemorrhagic
cystitis is defined by lower urinarytract symptoms that include
hematuria andirritative voiding symptomsIt results from damage to
the bladdertransitional epithelium and blood vessels bytoxins,
pathogens, radiation, drugs, or disease 27. Infectious causes of
hemorrhagiccystitis include bacteria and virusesNon infectious
hemorrhagic cystitis mostcommonly occurs in patients who have
undergonepelvic radiation, chemotherapy, or both. Radiation-induced
hemorrhagic cystitis 28. VOIDING DYSFUNCTIONAccounts for as many as
40% of pediatricurology clinic visitsVoiding reflect alterations in
urinary bladderfunctionMany forms of voiding dysfunction can
bethought of as a delay in the acquisition ofdaytime urinary
control, which typically occurs byage 4 years 29. Persistent
daytime urinary incontinence may havean underlying neurologic,
anatomic, infectious, orfunctional basis. 30. isthe narrowing of
part of thestomach (the pylorus) thatleads to the small
intestineThis narrowing occurs becausethe muscle around the
pylorushas grown too. 31. Diagram of stomach withpyloric stenosis.
Look atthe cross section showingthe narrowing of thepyloric
opening.SYMPTOMSprojectilevomitingweight lossdehydration 32. How is
pyloric stenosis diagnosed? Physical exam:showing an
enlargedpyloric valve. Barium study ofuppergastrointestinal (upper
GI). Abdominal ultrasoundTreatmentAsurgical procedure called
pyloromyotomy 33. calledHernia parasternal or
retrosternaldiaphragmatic above, characterized byabnormal
development of the diaphragmmuscle in which there is a hernia with
aperitoneal sac that protrudes through thehiatus sternocostal.
Severe respiratory distress atSYMPTOMS birth 34. Diagnosis chest
x-ray Nuclear magnetic resonance. Multidisciplinary
assessmentTreatment Emergency surgery to place the abdominal organs
into the proper position and repair the opening in the
diaphragm
