Phytonutrients 101Part 1

Presented by: Yvette La-Garde, Director of Education

Phytonutrients 101

Part 1:• Basics of phytonutrients• Phytonutrient families• Benefits of taking phytonutrients• Studies supporting phytonutrients for skin health

Part 2:• How to select a phytonutrient supplement• Phyto-5 features & benefits

• Recommendation to eat a wide variety of colored fruits & vegetables on a daily basis

• National health goals:– 75% of population consume daily 2+

servings of fruit– 50% of population consume daily 3+ servings

of vegetables

• Americans are falling considerably short of national health goals:– 32.8% of adults consume 2+ servings of fruit– 27.4% of adults consume 3+ servings of

vegetables– 14% of adults consume both 2+ servings of

fruit and 3+ servings of vegetables

Fruit & Vegetable Consumption

Source: HHS Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020; CDC State Indicator Report 2009

What is a Serving?

Vegetables = 1 cupGoal: 2 to 3 cups (4 to 6 servings)

• Broccoli = 3 spears• Greens (e.g., kale, spinach) = 1 cup

cooked; 2 cups raw• Sweet Potato = 1 large baked• Dry Beans & Peas = 1 cup cooked• Corn = 1 large ear• Tomatoes = 1 large raw• Carrots = 2 medium

Fruit = 1 cupGoal: 1½ to 2 cups (3 to 4 servings)

• Apple = 1 small• Grapes = 1 cup• Orange = 1 large• Pear = 1 medium• Strawberries = 3 medium• Watermelon = 1 small wedge• Dried Fruit = ½ cup dried• 100% Fruit Juice = 1 cup

What are Phytonutrients?• “Phyto” or plant chemicals found in fruits, vegetables, grains,

nuts, teas, legumes and spices.

• Responsible for giving plants their color. Nutrients that protect the plant from harmful oxidation, viruses, bacteria, parasites and insects.

• Generally, the darker the fruit or vegetable the higher the phytonutrient content. Exception is white vegetables like onion and cauliflower.

• Over 5,000 phytochemicals identified. Some plants contain a wide variety of phytonutrients (kale, acai, berries); others contain a smaller number at concentrated levels (e.g., tomato).

• Preparation of phytonutrient-rich foods affects their nutritional value: – The nutritional content of some foods increases when steamed, boiled or heated

Examples: tomatoes, broccoli, peppers, potatoes, carrots and spinach– Peeling certain fruits & vegetables decreases their nutritional content as phytonutrients

are concentrated in brightly colored skin e.g., grape skins

Interesting Things about Phytonutrients

Where do Autumn leaves get their color from?

• Chlorophyll — green color

• Carotenoids — yellow, orange, and brown colors

• Anthocyanins — red and purple colors

CAROTENOIDS(CVD & Cancer

Protection)PHENOLICS ALKALOIDS

NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

ORGANOSULFURCOMPOUNDS

IsothiocyanatesIndoles

GlucosinolatesAllylic sulfides

(broccoli, garlic, onions)

Alpha-caroteneBeta-caroteneCryptoxanthin

LuteinZeaxanthinAstaxanthin

Lycopene

Phenolic acids Flavonoids Stilbenoids(resveratrol)

Coumarins(cinnamon, clover)

Tannins

Hydroxybenzoic acids Hydroxycinnamic acids

(green tea, coffee,whole grains)

Flavonols(onions, apples)

Flavones(sweet red pepper)

Flavanols(dark fruits, nut

skins, tea, cocoa)Flavanones(citrus fruits)

Anthocyanidins(dark fruits, red

wine)

Isoflavonoids(soy beans)

Chlorogenic acidCinnamic acid

Ellagic acidGallic acid

Rosmarinic acidSalicylic acidFerulic acidCaffeic acid

RutinQuercetin

KaempferolMyricetin

ApigeninLuteolin

Tangeritin

CatechinEpicatechin

EpigallocatechinEpicatechin

GallateEpigallocatechin

HesperitinNaringenin

CyanidinMalvidin

GenisteinDaidzein

PHYTONUTRIENTS

Polyphenols = flavonoids and non-flavonoids(Protect Cellular Damage)

Flavan-3-ols/ Proanthocyanidins/OPCs

Vitamin A & Carotenoids

Health Benefits of Phytonutrients• Unlike vitamins & minerals, phytonutrients are not essential to life but

boost overall health and prevent chronic disease– May reduce risk for diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease

• Boost brain’s function, support immune system and promote heart, eye, skin and bone health

• Different phytonutrients work in different parts of the body:– Lutein is deposited in the eye and helps prevent against ARMD– Lycopene is deposited in heart tissue– Soy isoflavones are incorporated into breast tissue

Health Benefits of Phytonutrients• Phytonutrients exert a wide range of beneficial effects. When consumed, these

health benefits are conferred to us:– Serve as antioxidants– Enhance immune response– Enhance cell-to-cell communication– Alter estrogen metabolism– Convert to vitamin A (e.g., beta-carotene)– Cause cancer cells to die (apoptosis)– Repair DNA damage caused by smoking and other toxic exposures– Detoxify carcinogens through activation of the cytochrome P450 and Phase II

enzyme systems

• Phytonutrients are most known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits

Antioxidants, Free-Radicals & Aging • Free-radicals are unstable oxygen molecules

• Free-radicals associated with diseases such as cancer, heart disease and stroke

• Free-radical theory of aging (program vs. damage)

• Innate mechanisms for eliminating free-radicals and protect the body from oxidative damage– antioxidant compounds (vitamin C, vitamin E) and phytonutrients– enzymes (glutathione peroxidase)

ORAC Scores

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits• Chronic or “silent” inflammation goes largely unnoticed but levels of

inflammatory chemicals become elevated

• A chemical marker in the blood, C-reactive protein, is a good indicator of the body’s level of chronic inflammation

• Silent inflammation is an underlying cause of many diseases and chronic conditions e.g., cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer

• Consuming anti-inflammatory foods inhibits the production of inflammatory compounds– Phytonutrient-rich foods including fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole

grains & spices

Phytonutrient Color Groups

Phytonutrient Gap• Population studies consistently show that

regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with:– Reduced risk of cardiovascular

disease including heart attack & stroke

– May be protective against certain types of cancer

• Fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and teas are rich sources of fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients

• With 80% of Americans not eating adequate amount & variety of fruits & vegetables, results in a “phytonutrient gap”

America’s Phytonutrient Report, Nutrilite, 2009

PhytonutrientsPhytonutrient Fruits & Veggies Color Group Health BenefitsAnthocyanidinsProanthocyanidins

Blueberries, blackberries, plums, cranberries, raspberries, red onions, red potatoes, red radishes, strawberries

- Potent antioxidant and anti- inflammatory- Improve integrity of support structures in veins & vascular system- Enhance effects of vitamin C- Improve capillary integrity- Stabilize collagen matrix- Inhibit mechanisms of cancer cell development

Resveratrol Red & purple grapes, dark berries, acai berry, goji berry, peanuts (with skin), red wine, cocoa powder

- Potent antioxidant and anti- inflammatory- Accounts for “French Paradox”- Life extension in animal studies - Promotes heart & eye health- Metabolic syndrome benefits

Ellagic Acid Raspberries, strawberries, pomegranates, cranberries, walnuts

- Potent antioxidant and anti- inflammatory- May reduce the risk of certain cancers

Lycopene Tomatoes and cooked tomato products, watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava, papaya, red peppers

- Potent antioxidant- Associated with reduced risk of cancers- Protection against heart attack

PhytonutrientsPhytonutrient Fruits & Veggies Color Group Health BenefitsAlpha-caroteneBeta-caroteneBeta-cryptoxanthin

Pumpkin, sweet potato, carrots, winter squash, cantaloupe, apricots, spinach, collard greens, kale, broccoli

- Antioxidant- Pre-cursors to Vitamin A- Vision, immune function, skin and bone health

LuteinZeaxanthin

Collard greens, kale, spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, lettuces, artichoke, corn

- Antioxidant- May prevent and slow ARMD- Protect the skin from UV light- Reduces risk of heart disease & some cancers

IndolesIsothiocyanates

Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, cauliflower

- Anti-cancer properties- Boosts DNA repair in cells; blocks cancer cell growth

Sulforaphane Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, cauliflower

- Chemoprotection- Lowers blood cholesterol levels

AllicinAlliinDithiins

Garlic, onions, shallots, chives, leeks

- Cardiovascular benefit in lowering LDL cholesterol & reducing platelet aggregation- Anti-viral, antibacterial and anti- fungal properties- Protection against cancer

Skin Health & Phytonutrients• Maintenance of healthy-looking skin:

– Improvement in skin structure– Improvement in microcirculation

• Protection against aging:– Enhanced skin photoprotection to prevent photo-oxidative damage to

cellular lipids, proteins and DNA– Improvement in skin hydration, skin lipid content, skin elasticity– Reduction in skin wrinkling

Studies: Skin Pigment & Perceived Health• A diet rich in carotenoids

increases skin yellowness, which is perceived to be more healthful than tanned or lighter colored skin

• Individuals with higher dietary intakes of carotenoids and fruit and vegetables have increased skin yellowness values

Carotenoid and melanin pigment coloration affect perceived human health, Evolution and Human Behavior, Dec 2010

Studies: Food Intake & Skin Wrinkling• 453 men & women, age 70+ years, Caucasian

with different ethnic origins (Greek, Australian, Swedish)

• Food & nutrient intakes assessed for previous year using Food Frequency Questionnaire

• Less actinic skin damage (back of hand) was associated with higher intake of vegetables, legumes, fish, fermented milk products, olive oil

• Combination of olive oil may assist in the absorption of fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins & phytochemicals e.g., vitamin E, lycopene, isoflavones

• Full-fat milk, red meat, potatoes, soft drinks/ cordials, cakes/pastries were associated with extensive skin wrinkling

Skin Wrinkling: Can Food Make a Difference? Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 20:1, 71-80, Feb 2001; Food Habits in Later Life Study

Studies: Carotenoids, Vitamin E & UV Light• 20 healthy subjects, aged 20-57 years

exposed to different levels of UV light at five intervals

• Assigned to 1 of 2 groups: Carotenoids or carotenoids plus vitamin E given for 12 weeks:– 25 mg carotenoids (Betatene®)– 500 IUs of vitamin E (d-alpha-

tocopherol)

• Elevated concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E detected in serum and skin after 12 weeks of supplementation

• Combination of carotenoids plus vitamin E helped protect skin against UV induced erythema (redness) from 1.25 to 1.95 MED

Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000; 71:795-798

Studies: Lutein & Skin Health• 40 female healthy subjects, aged 20-50 years

of varying skin types, with signs of premature aging

• Assigned to 1 of 4 groups: Topical lutein with oral lutein/zeaxanthin; oral lutein/ zeaxanthin; topical lutein only; placebo

• Evaluated at 2-week intervals over 12 weeks

• In all three lutein groups, the following was observed:– Skin hydration improved– Skin elasticity improved – Lipid peroxidation in skin suppressed– Superficial skin lipid levels improved

Beneficial long-term effects of combined oral/topical antioxidant treatment with carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin on human skin, J Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 20: 199-210, 2007.

Studies: Phytonutrients & Skin Structure• 39 adults, average age 42 years, with normal

skin• Two treatment groups:

– Lycopene, lutein, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium

– Lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, selenium

• Serum levels of carotenoids increased in both treatment groups after 12 weeks of supplementation

• Improvement in skin structure: Skin density and thickness increased significantly in both treatment groups (7% and 15%, respectively)

• Improvement in skin texture: Roughness and scaling were improved by the supplementation of antioxidants

Antioxidant Supplements Improve Parameters Related to Skin Structure in Humans, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2006; 19:224-231

Studies: Fruit/Veggie Concentrate & Skin Microcirculation

• 52, healthy women, with normal to dry skin, aged 40-65 years adults

• Treatment group received 4 capsules daily of vegetable/fruit blend in capsules for 12 weeks

• Improvement in microcirculation: blood flow increased by 39% in treatment group after 12 weeks compared with baseline; placebo group had significant decrease (-31%)

• Increase in skin structure: Skin thickness increased by 16% after 12 weeks in treatment group vs. 7% in placebo group

• Improvement in hydration: Skin hydration increased by 9% after 12 weeks in treatment group vs. no change in placebo group

An encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate increases skin microcirculation in healthy women, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2012; 25:2-8

Contact Information

David H. Rahm, M.D.President and Medical DirectorCell Phone: 310-683-3444; Toll Free: 888-367-8605 ext 101Email: david@vitamedica.com

Yvette La-GardeDirector of EducationCell Phone: 310-849-1038; Toll Free: 888-367-8605 ext 102Email: yvette@vitamedica.com

Phytonutrients 101Part 2

Presented by: Yvette La-Garde, Director of Education

Phytonutrients 101

Part 1:• Basics of phytonutrients• Phytonutrient families• Benefits of taking phytonutrients• Studies supporting phytonutrients for skin health

Part 2:• How to select a phytonutrient supplement• Phyto-5 features & benefits

Phytonutrient Products

Phytonutrient Considerations• Product health objective

• Single vs. multi ingredient formulation and amounts used

• Formulated with additional vitamins & minerals

• Inclusion of branded ingredients (e.g., LycoMato, FloraGLO, Betatene, Cinnulin)

• Product delivery system (juice, powder, tablet, capsule)

• Price

Our Approach

Phytonutrient Branded IngredientsBetatene®• Natural mixed carotenoid blend• Contains beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and cryptoxanthin• Cultivated from microscopic alga Dunaliella salina off the coast of Australia

FloraGLO Lutein ®• Sourced from marigold flowers and purified from marigold flower oleoresin

Cinnulin®• Active constituent found in cinnamon, extracted using a proprietary process

that filters out the toxins found in cinnamon bark

• Formulated with fruits, vegetables, spices & tea from the 5 major color groups.

• Features acai, cranberry, pomegranate, papaya, kale, spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, Cinnulin®, turmeric, ginger and Rooibos tea.

• Ingredients are an excellent source of a wide variety of phytonutrients:– Carotenoids: beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein,

zeaxanthin, lycopene– Phenolic Acids: ellagic acid– Flavonols: quercetin, myricetin– Anthocyanidins: cyanidin, malvidin– Organosulfur Compounds: isothiocyanates, indoles,

glucosinolates, allylic sulfides

• SRP: $26.00

Phyto-5: Superfruit & Superveggie Blend

Phyto-5

Blue-Purple

Yellow-Orange

Green

Red-Pink

White

• Curcuma is a compound extracted from the Curcuma longa root

• Member of the ginger family

• Active constituent in the spice turmeric

• Extract is tasteless, odorless and is 18 times stronger than the essential ingredients in curry

• Potent anti-inflammatory compound that may be beneficial to those suffering from arthritis

• Research has shown that curcuma may help with cognitive deficits and Alzheimer’s disease

Phyto-5: Curcuma Longa

• Brand name for the active constituent found in cinnamon, extracted using a proprietary process that filters out the toxins found in cinnamon bark

• Cinnamon extract contains anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and immune-stimulating properties.

• Widely known that cinnamon plays a role in helping

to maintain healthy blood sugar levels

• Cinnulin PF® may provide additional benefits related to metabolic syndrome by helping to regulate glucose levels, body composition, blood pressure and providing antioxidant properties

Phyto-5: Cinnulin PF®

• Gingerol is the active constituent that gives the ginger root its distinctive flavor

• Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, ginger plays an integral role in treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

• Boasting anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, gingerol is also effective in treating nausea and protecting the liver and heart

• Gingerol has been shown to be especially effective in inhibiting the growth of human colorectal and breast cancer cells

Phyto-5: Ginger Root

• Rooibus tea is made from the fermented and dried leaves and twigs of the Rooibus, or red bush, a flowering shrub native to South Africa

• Rooibus tea is traditionally used to alleviate infantile colic, stomach cramps, allergies, asthma and skin conditions and irritations

• Due to its high level of polyphenolic antioxidants, rooibus tea has been shown to have antispasmodic, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer properties as well as cardioprotective benefits

• Rooibus tea is commonly used to treat respiratory disorders, which may be attributed to anti-inflammatory properties

Phyto-5: Rooibus Tea

Phyto-5 Phytonutrient ComplexPart of Age Management Regimen

• Covers gaps in the diet when 5-9 servings of fruits & veggies are not eaten daily

• Source of wide range of phytonutrients to support skin health and prevent against aging

• Used on conjunction with our Multi-Vitamin & Mineral and Omega-3 supplements

• Easy-to-swallow capsule

• Excellent value with low daily cost (less than $1 a day)

Contact Information

David H. Rahm, M.D.President and Medical DirectorCell Phone: 310-683-3444; Toll Free: 888-367-8605 ext 101Email: david@vitamedica.com

Yvette La-GardeDirector of EducationCell Phone: 310-849-1038; Toll Free: 888-367-8605 ext 102Email: yvette@vitamedica.com

www.vitamedica.com