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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The CV system is also known as the circulatory system

- Maintains the distribution of blood flow throughout the body

- Made up of the heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins

• Composed of two main parts

- Pulmonary circulation is takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen and back to the heart

- systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells and then back to the heart

THE HEART

THE HEART

• Could be considered a muscle rather than a organ

• Has four chambers 2 atria (upper chambers) and 2 ventricles (lower chambers)

• Beats an average of 60-100 beats per minute (bpm)

• Located in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity; not really in the center but more to the left side

• About the size of a fist and the shape of an upside down pear

HEART LAYERS

Has three layers

1. Endocardium: inner layer, thin and serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers

2. Myocardium: thick & muscular layer, develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels

3. Epicardium: outer layer, reduces friction as the heart beats

HEART CHAMBERS

• Has four chambers:

2 atria (upper chambers) and 2 ventricles (lower chambers)

• Atria chambers are the receivers of the hear

Blood returning to the heart via veins first collects here

• Ventricles are the pumping chambers

Contractions here ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries

HEART VALVES

There are four heart valves:

1. Tricuspid valve: controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

2. Pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, prevents the blood that has been ejected into the pulmonary artery from returning to the right ventricle as it relaxes

3. Mitral Valve: blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot go back up into the left atrium

4. Aortic Valve: blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle

HEART ATTACKS

HEART ATTACK

A attack is when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart muscle is reduced or cut off. Usually this happens when the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood flow slowly become narrow from a buildup of fat or cholesterol that are called plaque.

About every 34 seconds, someone has an heart attack in the United States

HEART ATTACK

Warning Signs:

- Chest discomfort

- Shortness of breath

- Cold sweat

- Nausea

- Discomfort or pain in both arms, back neck or jaw

Prevention:

- Don’t/ Stop smoking- Good Nutrition- Lower blood pressure

and cholesterol- Be physical- Reduce stress- Limit alcohol