Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Searching with ProQuest Dialog™
AGENDA
• Overview of biomedical content
• Basic Search Syntax
• Advanced Search – Using the Thesaurus
• Command Line – Thesaurus Syntax
• Expert Search Samples
• Using the FDB command in Multifile search
• Tips for Searching:
• Drug Information
• Author Names
• Date Searching
• Appendixes
• Help and Assistance
Searching biomedical literature
• Pharmacovigilance – regulatory compliance for international
drug approval agencies (FDA, European Medicines Agency -
EMA, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency –
MHRA); post-market surveillance
• Drug development – new biomarkers, drugs in development
• Physician support – new clinical therapies, adverse reactions to
medication, off-label use
• Basic research – disease research, animal use alternatives, etc.
• Key opinion leaders – expert witnesses, research collaborators
• Patent support – prior art review
3
• Different publications, unique journals
• Different geographic coverage, more US- or Euro-centric
• Different date ranges
• Special indexing
• Different thesauri or controlled vocabulary
Why Search Multiple Databases
• Produced by the US National Library of Medicine
• Covers whole field of medicine, particularly General Medicine,
Clinical Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Veterinary Science
• Includes some 5,000 journals published in over 70 countries
• Covers literature from 1949 to date
• Provides abstracts for 80% of articles
• Updated daily with approximately 2,000 records
• Online equivalent of Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature,
International Nursing Index
• Includes Medline In-Process (updated daily – NOT indexed)
documents, fast tracked
Medline
Embase®
• Produced by Elsevier B.V.
• Covers comprehensive literature on drugs, pharmacology and all
other aspects of human medicine and related disciplines
• Especially well known for: European coverage, focus on
pharmacological effects of drugs and chemicals
• Includes some 7,600 journals from 70 countries
• Covers all journals in MEDLINE together with 2,000 unique journals
not in MEDLINE
• Covers literature from 1947 to date - Updated daily
• Provides abstracts for 80% of articles
• Contains unique Medline records
Embase – Conference Information
• Embase was enhanced by the addition of “Conference Abstracts”
since early 2012
• Archive back to 2009 covering more than 2,000 different
conferences and over 650,000 abstracts of papers presented - now
>2.1 million conference records
• Conferences can represent the most current research in any given
area as the papers presented often significantly pre-date published
research – sometimes by a year or more; may be the only
publication ever
• MEDLINE does not include conference papers
Embase Alerts
• The latest eight weeks of information, same subject
coverage as Embase - biomedical and drug research
literature - with no manual indexing, in order to have the
information available as quickly as possible
• All the information in EMBASE Alert is later manual
indexed and added to EMBASE itself
• Often the delay between appearance in EMBASE is less
than a week
• EMBASE Alert documents are NOT included in EMBASE
3/18/2015 12
Biosis Previews®
• Produced by Thomson Reuters
• Global coverage of life sciences
• Key resource for researchers in the biological and biomedical
sciences, bioengineering and biotechnology, including bio-
systematic codes and organism classifiers
• Good geographic indexing
• Includes some 5,000 source publications
– Journals, US patents , Books, Meetings, Reviews, Monographs
• Covers literature from 1926 to date
• Provides abstracts for 80% of articles
• Updated weekly
• Not indexed with hierarchical thesaurus, like MEDLINE and
EMBASE, but by a Controlled vocabulary, often Natural language,
so need to use synonyms
3/18/2015 13
Comparison of BIOSIS Previews, Embase and MEDLINE
Parameter BIOSIS Previews Embase MEDLINE
Primary Emphasis All life science areas, inc:
Agriculture
Biochemistry
Biomedicine
Biotechnology
Botany
Ecology
Environmental Sciences
Genetics
Microbiology
Pharmacology
Drug Research & Pharmacology
Human Medicine
Basic Biological Research
Health Policy and Management
Public, Occupational, and Environmental
Health
Substance Dependence and Abuse
Psychiatry
Forensic Science
Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation
Allied Health Sciences
Biomedicine, including:
Clinical Medicine
Experimental Medicine
Nursing
Dentistry
Public Health
Genetics
Toxicology
Pharmacology
Documents Covered Full-length research articles
Review articles
Meeting proceedings
U.S. Patents
Books and book chapters
Full-length research articles
Review articles
Conference Papers
Letters and editorials
Software reviews
Full-length research articles
Review articles
Clinical trials
Letters and editorials
Years Covered 1926 - present 1947 - present 1950 - present
Number of Serials Covered 4,874 7,600+ 5,634
Total Number of Records Over 23.4 million Over 30 million Over 23.5 million
Records Added Annually Approximately 600,000 Approximately 800,000 Approximately 900,000
Number of Countries
Represented
90 countries 70 countries 70 countries
Currency 45 days 15 days 30% in 30 days; 60% in 60 days
Value-Added Indexing Relational Indexing
Controlled and natural-
language keywords
Broad subject codes
Broad animal group codes
Super taxonomic groups
Hierarchical tree
Drug indexing
Trade names
Manufacturer names
Routes of drug administration
Clinical Trials
Hierarchical medical tree
Topical Subheadings
Clinical Trials
Check Tags
The "Big 3" biomedical databases
• The primary focus of BIOSIS Previews is pre-clinical research
information in biology and biomedicine;
• The primary focus of MEDLINE is biomedicine, including clinical
medicine;
• The primary focus of Embase is drug research and pharmacology.
• These databases complement each other in their coverage, and
provide a broad and reliable resource for biological, medical and
pharmaceutical topics
14
Beyond The Big 3
• Adis Reactions
• Current Content
• Derwent Drug File
• Emcare
• International Pharmaceutical Abstract *
• Kosmet
• Pascal
• SciSearch
• Toxfile
* databases with Thesaurus
16
Adis Reactions Database
• provides comprehensive news and current information on adverse drug reactions
• Views and Reviews providing insight into current issues and trends in adverse drug use experience
• Adverse Drug Reactions(ADR) providing comprehensive reporting of all adverse reaction case reports and incidence studies identified in international biomedical literature
• Drug Interactions identifying reports of clinical experience in individual patients and evaluations of their clinical significance
• Overdose with particular emphasis on the clinical management strategies used as well as their effectiveness
• Abuse and Dependency containing all cases of abuse and dependency that appear in the literature alerting searchers to potential problems and possible solutions
17
Derwent Drug File
• The Derwent Drug File presents information on all aspects of drug
research and usage
• Derwent selectively covers the worldwide pharmaceutical literature,
including chemistry (preparation and testing of potential drugs),
analysis, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, metabolism, biochemistry,
interactions, therapeutic effects and toxicity of a drug
• Each document contains a detailed abstract written by a Derwent
subject specialist and is accompanied by extensive drug oriented
indexing allowing highly specific retrieval
• Papers from over 1,150 scientific and medical journals and
conference proceedings are included
• 1983 to date
• 1964 to date (subscribers)
18
Derwent Drug File - Indexing
• Section Codes: these broadly define the subject area of a search,
e.g. adverse reactions
• Thematic Groups: indicate the general themes discussed in the
paper, e.g. side-effects
• Descriptors: two types: Common terms and Link terms
– Common terms are basic words and phrases, e.g. calcium
antagonist
– Link terms are subheadings used in conjunction with basic
descriptors , e.g. paracetamol WITH (ae or di) for adverse
effects, drug interaction, drug metabolism and others…
• Certain types of descriptors are always present; a standard name is
used to identify each drug (usually the generic (INN) name) or the
laboratory code
• In addition the pharmacological classification and the drug activity
are also indexed
19
Derwent Drug File for Subscribers
• A subscription-only file contains a second abstract with more
detailed information known as an extension abstract or A2
paragraph
– The extension abstract contains the quantitative results from the
original paper
– The extension abstract also contains the address of the author
from whom reprints may be obtained.
20
International Pharmaceutical Abstracts
• Coverage of worldwide pharmaceutical and related healthcareliterature
• Topics include
– drug use, drug research and technology
– pharmaceutical technology, pharmacy practice
– adverse drug reactions / toxicity, investigational drugs
– drug evaluations, drug interactions, drug stability
– preliminary drug testing, drug analysis
• Abstracts reporting clinical studies contain study design, number of patients, dosage, dosage forms and dosage schedule
• Contains detailed therapeutic classifications
• Indexed with Controlled hierarchical vocabulary
• Trade names are searchable
• Coverage: 1970 - current
• Emcare
• all nursing specialities and nursing healthcare
professions, covering allied health, education,
development and management, health care economics,
mental health, traumatology, …
• Kosmet
• cosmetic, perfume science and technology, raw
materials, manufacture, analysis, control and use
More Databases
3/18/2015 22
More Databases
• Pascal• World scientific, technical literature covering pure and applied
biology, homeopathy, medicine, botany, psychology, pharmacology,
toxicology, biotechnology, agriculture, physics, chemistry,
information sciences with special emphasis to European literature.
• Controlled vocabulary
• Coverage: 1984 – current
• Toxfile– toxicological, pharmacological, biochemical, physiological effects of
drugs pesticides and other chemicals (80% Medline, 20%
government sources)
– Same coverage as Medline – uses the MESH thesaurus
3/18/2015 23
More Databases
• SciSearch®: a Cited Reference Science Database• Multi-sectorial scientific database covering science, technology,
biomedicine and related disciplines.• Citation indexing allows searching of cited references.• Coverage: 1974 – current
• Current Contents® Search• Multi-sectorial database covering fields such as medicine, life
sciences, engineering, physical, chemical, social sciences and arts and humanities.
• Coverage: 1998 - current
Basic Search
3/18/2015 25
Access the platform at:http://search.proquest.com/professional
3/18/2015 26
Opening Page
3/18/2015 27
Broaden your search with synonyms
Basic search takes you to Results page
(additional refinement possible)
3/18/2015 28
3/18/2015 29
3/18/2015 30
3/18/2015 31
Ways to 'tune' your search
• Use synonyms
• Use quotation marks to search exact phrases
• Use proximity connectors to control term relationships
– PRE/0 searches words as a phrase, but stemming still active !
• Use truncation
– Can truncate a string/phrase search: “senior citizen[*1]”
– Change the way you search - don't forget left-hand truncation!
32
Other nuances
• Lab Code
– Identifies chemical moieties early in development
– "DUP 753"
• Picks up DUP 753 or DUP-753
• Doesn't retrieve DUP753
• Adverse p/1 (reaction or event or effect) retrieves
– Adverse reaction(s)
– Adverse event(s)
– Adverse effect(s)
– Adverse drug reaction(s)
– Adverse cardiovascular event(s)
– Etc.
33
Other nuances (cont'd)
• Truncation
– Interferon alpha 1b or Interferon alpha 17 (etc)
– "interferon alpha 1[*1]" limited truncation within quotes
• Interferon alpha-1b
• interferon alpha 16
• Interferon alpha 1
• Symbol searching
– Interferon p/0 (alpha or alfa) 31,381 records (MEDLINE)
– Inteferon p/0 α 1,447 records
– Additional, unique records gained using α symbol
34
Medical Synonyms(Stedman's Medical Dictionary)
Medical Synonyms – UI selection
3/18/2015
Option displayed on each of our three main search forms.
Medical synonyms are available across all content
(General databases and Patents databases).
Medical Synonyms – UI display and Highlighting
3/18/2015 37
When searching on layman terms, medical
terminology will automatically be
included in search query.
Highlighting of medical synonyms allows for easy
identification of synonyms included in a
search.
• Term synonym matching
• Bigrams (every sequence of two adjacent terms in a
string, in order) not delimited by explicit BOOLEAN
operators or field boundaries are analyzed for
matching synonyms [example: in the string ‘heart
attack survival’, “heart attack” and “attack survival” are
bigrams.]
• Quoted phrases and individual terms are analyzed for
matching synonyms
• Terms targeted at MeSH, MJMeSH, EMB, & MJEMB
mnemonics do not use synonyms
• EXACT and EXPLODE searches, and terms using
LNK are excluded from synonym matching
Medical Synonyms – UI display, recent searches
3/18/2015 38
Medical synonyms are clearly shown in Recent Searches,
allowing users to see included synonyms.
Medical Synonyms – output display
3/18/2015 39
Synonyms are clearly displayed in Search Strategy and highlighted
in output, allowing users to easily identify which synonyms were
included in a search.
ProQuest Dialog
Basic Syntax
Default Term Search
• Searches all available/selected databases
• Searches “All fields + text”
– Title
– Terms (all subject and index terms)
– Author
– Abstract
– Full text (if available)
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 42
Features of Term Searching
Auto-suggest
drop down list of suggested terms
Stemming / Linguistics
singular and plurals (regular and irregular)
Example: CHILD, CHILDREN
adjectives
Example: TALL, TALLER, TALLEST
U.S. and British spellings
Example: COLOR, COLOUR,
-ISE, -IZE, -ISATION, -IZATION, etc.
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 43
Truncation
Right, middle and left truncation available
Use * for multiple characters
(replaces up to 10 characters)
Use ? to replace specific nr of characters
[*#] or $# for up to # multiple characters
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 44
Truncation
• *TOXIC* retrieves multiple characters at the beginning or end of a word
TOXIC, TOXICOLOGY, CYTOTOXICITY, PHYTOTOXIC
• TOXIC??? Retrieves exactly three trailing characters (no less, no more)
TOXICITY but not TOXIC, TOXICS, etc.
• TOX*C retrieves multiple characters in the middle of a word
TOXIGENIC [The Single asterisk retrieves up to 10 characters]
• TO?IC retrieves exactly one character in the middle of a word
TOXIC, TOPIC
3/18/2015 45
Boolean/Logical Operators
AND
OR
NOT
Note:
AND is implied between adjacent terms separated by a space:
CANCER RESEARCH = CANCER AND RESEARCH
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 46
Proximity Connectors
PRE/# or p/# requires same order of terms
NEAR/# or n/# any order of terms
Note:
PRE and NEAR
can be followed by a number (can be “zero”)
used without number default to PRE/4, NEAR/4
DRUG* NEAR/5 THERAPY
CANCER PRE/0 RESEARCH
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 47
Phrase Searching
Use quotation marks " " to search an exact phrase
“CANCER RESEARCH”
Note:
- Make sure quotes are not mixed, i.e. :
either both smart ( “ ” ) or both straight (" ")
- Quotation marks “turn off” stemming
PRE/0 searches words as a phrase, but keeps stemming “on”!
Example: Publications on SGN 75 (antibody drug conjugate)
Use “SGN 75”
Or “SGN-75”
Or SGN pre/0 75
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
3/18/2015 48
Nesting
Use parentheses () to “nest” terms or change the order of processing
Note:
The default order of processing is:
ProQuest Dialog™ Search Options
()
PRE
NEAR
AND
OR
NOT
3/18/2015 49
Field Codes
To limit the search to specific fields,field codes are available
• Some standard fields are indexed in almost all databases
TI Title
AB Abstract
PUB Publication Title
• Field search syntax
TI(CANCER RESEARCH)
TI,AB(AGRICULTUR* NEAR/3 FERTILIZ*)
PUB(“JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS”)
• Each database has unique field codes based on data available and indexing
Advanced search
Thesaurus & Controlled Vocabulary
Benefits :
Searching with controlled search terms means
– more precise results and less miss-hits
– fast and accurate retrieval
Embase thesaurus – best for drug names
Example :
Telbivudine and the
treatment of Hepatitis B
You can “Explode” the Search Term and/or define it as “Major”
Check the Search Term with Qualifiers
After clicking on “add to search”, the query is
imported for you with the appropriate indexing field
Click on Preview results counts
to create sets in Recent searches
or Search to view the Results page
Select another thesaurus and
proceed with your search
Because Hepatitis B has narrower
terms in this hierarchy, we can
“Explode” the Search Term to
include them all in the search
It often happens that a drug is not
yet indexed in the Medline
Thesaurus as in this case
We select the proper Qualifier for
the Pathology
Because Telbivudine has no preferred term in the Medline Thesaurus, we use all the
synonyms found in the Embase Thesaurus scope notes to build a free text search
- Combine search steps
- Check other search options: limit on dates, humans, etc …
Your « step by step » strategy
in Advanced Search Mode
Set up an Alert, Save your Search, Create
an RSS feed from the results page
Field Searching Tip :
Not all selected databases will return results for a specific field.
Click “view details” to check availabilities
Command Line search
Syntax
Searching with ProQuest Dialog™
AGENDA – Command Line Search
• Full Power of the Search Syntax
• Multi-file approach combining Free Text and Thesauri
search terms, using Qualifiers Quick Codes, …
• Command Line Search Examples
• FDB Command
• Tips for Searching:
• Clinical Trials and Drugs
• Author Names
• Dates
• Using Limits
Command Line Search
An ideal place to build a precise search
– using search field labels to index your search terms
• e.g.: TI(“folie a deux”), SUBST(clozapine), PUB(nature)
– using operators to combine different fields
• e.g.: AU(Miller) and PUB(physiol*)
or
– simply to search on a word or a phrase.
Medline and Embase – Controlled Terms
• Medline:
– MESH.EXACT("search term")
• e.g. MESH.EXACT("coronary disease")
• Embase:
– EMB.EXACT("search term")
• e.g. EMB.EXACT("coronary artery disease")
• Standard Search Field for Descriptor (in all the other databases):
– SU.EXACT("search term")
• e.g. SU.EXACT("dairy cattle")
Using Controlled Terms - EXACT
• EXACT will search for the specified term or phrase only,
– e.g. in Biosis : SU.EXACT(“CATTLE”)
• will exclude “cattle weighers” or “dairy cattle” or “zebu cattle”, …
• The Thesaurus has a hierarchical structure, with Broader terms and Narrower terms under a category:
• Cardiovascular System• Heart
• Endocardium
• Narrower terms may have different stems, so the truncation is unuseful
• “Explode” automatically includes in the search all the narrower terms under the specified descriptor in the Thesaurus Hierarchy
• Select the “Explode” option in the Thesaurus windowor
• Search directly by adding the specific tag, e.g.:
• MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE(« heart »)
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE(heart)
Using Controlled Terms - EXACT
Use Major Descriptors in the Medline and Embase Thesauri
for terms that are the specific focus of the article
• Select the “Major” option in the Thesaurus window
or
• Search directly by adding the specific search field, e.g.:
– MJMESH for Medline
– MJEMB for EMBASE
– MJEMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal cancer")
– MJMESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal neoplasms")
* Use MJSUB in several other databases
Using Controlled Terms - MAJOR
LINK a “Descriptor” to a specific “Qualifier”
• Select the proper Qualifier in the Thesaurus window
or
• Use the connector LNK or the 2 dashes -- e.g.:
• MESH.EXACT(ibuprofen LNK “adverse effects”)
• EMB.EXACT("Abdominal Cancer -- Diagnosis")
• EMB.EXACT("Abdominal Cancer -- DI")
• EMB.EXACT("Abdominal Cancer" LNK "Diagnosis")
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("Abdominal Cancer" lnk (DI or CO))
• PHS("PHASE III" LNK "PSORIASIS") In Drug Pipeline Databases
Note: make sure to add quotes to multi-word Subject Terms and Qualifiers !
Using Controlled Terms – LNK (Link)
Quick Code Qualifiers
to combine several qualifiers eg.: QX Quick Toxicology
Find the List of abbreviations in the Online Help
• the Thesaurus search can combine:
• Explosion
• Major Descriptor
• Link to a qualifier
• Select the related options in the Thesaurus window
or
• Use the proper tags and connectors, e.g.:
– MJEMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal cancer -- diagnosis")
– MJEMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal cancer" LNK diagnosis)
Using Thesaurus Terms
Full Power of the Search Syntax
Compacted Search Syntax
EMB.EXACT("abdominal cancer")
EMB.X("abdominal cancer")
MESH.EXACT("abdominal neoplasms")
MESH.X("abdominal neoplasms")
EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal cancer")
EMB#("abdominal cancer")
MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("abdominal neoplasms")
MESH#("abdominal neoplasms")
MJMESH and MJEMB can also be shortened in the same way.
Full Power of the Search Syntax
Multi-file approach combining Free
Text and Thesauri search terms, using
Qualifiers Quick Codes, …
Set building supports proximity
operators between sets - provided
the sets come from the same fields.
Expert Searching
Examples
Advanced Search versus Command Line
Advanced Search: Multi-file or Single File
More help on screen
but in multi-file you only keep what is common to the databases open
Command line Multi-file or Single File
Full control of the syntax, better view on strategy in construction
Cut & Paste strategy prepared in advance (fast processing)
• All required databases open
• Select databases
• Cut & Paste strategy prepared in advance or use blank
box to build up search steps
• Use the FDB (from database) command to apply
specific strategies to specific databases
– (can be used also in Advanced Search)
Command Mode - Multi file Search
1. EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("chronic obstructive lung disease -- therapy")
2. EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("asthma -- therapy")
3. S1 or S2
4. EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent")
5. S3 and S4
6. MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive --therapy") or TI,AB("chronic obstructive lung disease")
7. MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Asthma -- therapy") OR TI,AB(asthma)
8. (S6 or S7)
9. MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Adrenergic beta-Antagonists")
10. S8 and S9
11. S5 or S10
12. S11 and LA(german or english)
13. S12 and YR(>2009)
Example 1 :
Efficacy of beta blockers in the treatment of asthma
Targeting specific databases - FDB
• The FDB ("From DataBase") command can help you quickly
target part or all of your query to one or more databases, in a
multifile search
• Search by database shortcut or database ID
– Search with the database shortcut: food AND FDB(ERIC)
– Search with the database ID: food AND FDB(10000150)
• Database shortcuts and IDs are listed in HELP online
• Can only be used in a multifile environment
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- clinical trial") OR (telbivudine and
(emb.exact.explode("clinical trial (topic)") OR emb.exact.explode("clinical trial")))
• (Telbivudine or "2 deoxy beta thymidine" or "beta thymidine" or "epavudine" or "ldt 600"
or "ldt600" or "nv 02b" or "nv-02b" or "nv02b" or "sebivo" or "tyzeka")
• clinical pre/0 trial or ((single or double or treble or triple) n/5 (blind$2 or mask$2)) or
placebo$5 or ((random$5 or prospective or clinical or control$5 or volunteer$3 or case
or major or multicent$3) n/5 (stud$5 or trial$4))
• S2 and S3
• S1 or S4
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("hepatitis b")
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("pregnancy")
• S5 and S6 and S7 and FDB(embase)
(free text sets in green)
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
8
Example 2:
Clinical Trials on Telbivudine in Pregnant Women for Hepatitis B
• (DTYPE("CLINICAL TRIAL*" OR "CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL" OR
"MULTICENTER STUDY" OR "RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL"))
• (MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Clinical Trials as Topic") OR RTYPE.EXACT("Clinical Trial,
Phase III" OR "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "Controlled Clinical Trial" OR "Clinical
Trial, Phase IV" OR "Clinical Trial, Phase I" OR "Multicenter Study" OR "Clinical Trial"
OR "Clinical Trial, Phase II"))
• (s2 and (S9 or s10)) or S4
• MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Hepatitis B") OR (hepatitis pre/0 b)
• (pregnant or pregnancy) OR MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Pregnancy")
• S11 and (S12 and S13) and FDB(medlineprof)
• S8 or S14
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Example 2:
Clinical Trials on Telbivudine in Pregnant Women for Hepatitis B
Set# Searched for Databases Results
S1 EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- clinical trial") OR (telbivudine and (emb.exact.explode("clinical
trial (topic)") OR emb.exact.explode("clinical trial")))
Embase®, MEDLINE® 593
S2 (Telbivudine or "2 deoxy beta thymidine" or "beta thymidine" or "epavudine" or "ldt 600" or
"ldt600" or "nv 02b" or "nv-02b" or "nv02b" or "sebivo" or "tyzeka")
Embase®, MEDLINE® 1601
S3 clinical pre/0 trial or ((single or double or treble or triple) n/5 (blind$2 or mask$2)) or placebo$5 or
((random$5 or prospective or clinical or control$5 or volunteer$3 or case or major or multicent$3)
n/5 (stud$5 or trial$4))
Embase®, MEDLINE® 10095191
S4 S2 and S3 Embase®, MEDLINE® 865
S5 S1 or S4 Embase®, MEDLINE® 865
S6 EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("hepatitis b") Embase®, MEDLINE® 63442
S7 EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("pregnancy") Embase®, MEDLINE® 638761
S8 S5 and S6 and S7 and FDB(embase) Embase® 48
S9 S2 and (DTYPE("CLINICAL TRIAL*" OR "CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL" OR "MULTICENTER STUDY" OR
"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL"))
Embase®, MEDLINE® 38
S10 S2 and (MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Clinical Trials as Topic") OR RTYPE.EXACT("Clinical Trial, Phase III" OR
"Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "Controlled Clinical Trial" OR "Clinical Trial, Phase IV" OR "Clinical
Trial, Phase I" OR "Multicenter Study" OR "Clinical Trial" OR "Clinical Trial, Phase II"))
Embase®, MEDLINE® 88
S11 S9 or s10 or S4 Embase®, MEDLINE® 865
S12 MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Hepatitis B") OR (hepatitis pre/0 b) Embase®, MEDLINE® 176336
S13 (pregnant or pregnancy ) OR MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Pregnancy") Embase®, MEDLINE® 1533230
S14 S11 and (S12 and S13) and FDB(medlineprof) MEDLINE® 11
S15 S8 or S14 Embase®, MEDLINE® 52
Set# Searched for Databases Results
S1 EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- drug interaction") OR
EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- side effect") OR
EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- drug toxicity") OR
EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("telbivudine -- adverse drug reaction")
Embase®,
MEDLINE®194
S2 (Telbivudine or "2 deoxy beta thymidine" or "beta thymidine" or
"epavudine" or "ldt 600" or "ldt600" or "nv 02b" or "nv-02b" or "nv02b" or
"sebivo" or "tyzeka")
Embase®,
MEDLINE®1607
S3 ((side or adverse or secondary or undesirable) n/15 (effect$1 or event$1 or
reaction$1 or experience$1)) or safety or adr or adverse p/1 drug p/1
reaction$1 or misuse or abuse or overdos$4 or excessive p/1 dos$4 or
infect$4 or medica$4 p/1 error$1 or (lack n/15 (efficacy))
Embase®,
MEDLINE®7473285
S4 lactat$4 or breast p/1 feed$4 or "milk secretion" or (fet$2 or foet$2 or
congenital or birth or development$2 or growth or functional) p/1 (defect$1
or abnormal$5 or deviant or malformation$1 or anomal$4 or death$1 or
retard$6) or spontaneous p/1 abortion$1 or "neonat* distress" or
termination n/15 pregnancy or teratogen*
Embase®,
MEDLINE®954546
S5 MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("drug toxicity") Embase®,
MEDLINE®29267
S6 s2 and (s3 or s4 or s5) and fdb(medlineprof) MEDLINE® 253
S7 (S1 or (s2 and (s3 or s4))) and fdb(embase) Embase® 1225
S8 S6 or s7 Embase®,
MEDLINE®1274
Example 3: Adverse Events of Telbivudine (free text sets in green)
Example 4: Searching with Biosis, descriptors differ(free text sets in green)
1. S Drug Name
2. S COGNITION DISORDERS! FROM 154
3. S MENTAL FUNCTION! OR COGNITION! FROM 72
4. S (COGNITION OR COGNITIVE)/DE FROM 55
5. S S1 AND (S2 OR S3 OR S4)
1. Drug name
2. mesh.exact.explode("cognition disorders") AND fdb(medlineprof)
3. (emb.exact.explode("mental function") OR
emb.exact.explode(cognition)) AND fdb(embase)
4. su(cognition OR cognitive) AND fdb(biosispreviews)
5. S1 AND (S2 OR S3 OR S4)
Example 5: Searching with Biosis
1. mesh.exact.explode(swine)
2. mesh(zoonoses)
3. emb.exact(swine)
4. emb(zoonosis)
5. (bc("Suidae [85740]") OR su.exact("pig" OR "suidae" OR
"porcine" OR "swine" OR "pigs" OR "sus scrofa" OR "piglet"))
AND fdb(biosispreviews)
6. (zoonosis OR zoonoses) AND fdb(biosispreviews)
7. S1 AND S2
8. S3 AND S4
9. S5 AND S6
10.S7 or s8 or s9
Database Abbreviations for FDB Command
(Help online)
Tips for Searching
Tips for Searching
• Drugs
– Clinical Trials on Medline and Embase
– Drug Searching in Medline and Free-Floating
Qualifiers
• Author Names
• Dates
Medline - Clinical Trials Searching
• "Clinical Trials" is not a MeSH term.
– the NLM includes it in the thesaurus
– it is not included in the Scope Note.
– it is in a separate ‘Annotation’ field supplied by the NLM with the MeSH data but not used (yet)
• The correct MeSH term is "Clinical Trials As Topic"
– MeSH heading was expanded (to include "As Topic") in 2008 to distinguish from the Clinical Trial Document Type (= (NLM) Publication Type)
"Clinical Trials as Topic" - (Medline Thesaurus)
"Clinical Trials as Topic" – Explode
Explode the term to include all
narrower terms (various trial
phases and other related terms)
On the Advanced Search Form under the “Search
Options” tab, check the “Clinical trials” Simple Limiter box
Advanced Search
Medline : a comprehensive “Clinical Trials” search….
97
The strategy used by the « Clinical Trials » limiter is:
DTYPE("clinical trial*" or "controlled clinical trial" or
"multicenter study" or "randomized controlled trial") or
MESH.Exact.Explode("clinical trials as topic")
Note :
DTYPE = Document Type
Advanced Search
Medline : a comprehensive “Clinical Trials” search….
MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE("Clinical Trials as Topic" OR
"Meta-Analysis as Topic")– used for the general design, methodology, economics of clinical trials
• OR
DTYPE("CLINICAL TRIAL*" OR "CONTROLLED CLINICAL
TRIAL" OR "MULTICENTER STUDY" OR "RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED TRIAL")- used for original reports of the conduct or results of a specific clinical trial
Command Line Search
Medline: a comprehensive “Clinical Trials” search
TIP: You can save this search as a ‘hedge’ on your account as a permanent saved search
Embase – “Clinical Trials” searching
Use Thesaurus Emtree Terms and Qualifiers
1. Use Qualifiers “CT” for Clinical Trials
– “used for clinical trials on drugs in humans”
– EMB.EXACT(aripiprazole LNK ct)
– EMB.EXACT("aripiprazole -- clinical trial")
2. EXPLODE Clinical Trial to capture all phases/types
• EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("clinical trial")
Example:
• aripiprazole and EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("clinical trial“)
Note :
Broader search : captures records where drug is mentioned but clinical trials may
relate to drug class or other drugs or procedures
3. EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("clinical trial (topic)") added 2011
99
Example
Example 1
EMB.EXACT("aripiprazole -- clinical trial")
Example 2
ti,mjemb(aripiprazole) AND EMB.EXACT.EXPLODE("clinical trial")
Embase - A good “Clinical Trials” search -
Use all three for a comprehensive search !
TIP : you can stack multiple fields using search field labels
Drug names:
Embase compared to Medline
• EMTREE: richer in specific drug terms than MeSH
• EMBASE: all specific drugs mentioned in article indexed in descriptor field
MEDLINE: many specific drugs only indexed as substance name, not as MeSH heading
• EMBASE: all drugs can have drug links
MEDLINE: only drugs indexed as MeSH heading can have qualifiers, not the drug terms indexed as substance name
Drug Searching in MEDLINE
MEDLINE generally uses USAN (United States Adopted Names) as
the MeSH term for a drug
• Use the MeSH term (if available)
– eliminates adding synonyms to the search
– expands your search automatically
• Add subheadings to refine your retrieval
• Example: Tylenol USAN = MeSH = acetaminophen
SUBST(acetaminophen) : retrieves indexed documents
tylenol or acetaminophen or paracetamol searched in All fields+text:
retrieves non-indexed documents
105
Click on « Tylenol » and the system points to « Acetaminophen »
Drug searching in MEDLINE
BUT … what if a MeSH term does not exist for a given drug?
choose the closest level MeSH term
AND
combine with the drug term
Example :
Taxotere (also known as “Docetaxel”)
closest Mesh Term : Antineoplastic agents
• Search :
MESH.EXACT.EXPLODE(“ Antineoplastic agents”)
AND
(taxotere or docetaxel)
107
TIP: You can focus your search with “qualifiers” or restriction to title
… AND … what if it’s too early in development for a generic drug name?
use as many synonyms as available (including laboratory codes, CAS
RNs) AND combine with “free-floating” qualifiers
Example:
CO-102862 from the “pharmacokinetics” angle
108
Drug searching in MEDLINE
Author Searching
Names are not standardised between databases
• Use field code AU=all authors FAU= first author
au(“pietsch h”) or fau(pietsch h)
• Sure of exact citation? AU.exact(“Donahue W A*”)
• Unsure? Use proximity operators:
AU(Donahue p/0 W* p/0 A*)
AU((Donahue p/0 W* p/0 A*) OR (Donahue p/0 WA*))
• For accuracy and transparency: use the Look-up Authors List
Look-up Authors – Advanced Search
Look-up Authors - Command Line
• Publication Date PD – Date of publication of original document
PD(2012) PD(>2009)
PD(>=20121231) PD(2008-2013)
• Update Date UD – Date when documents are added or revised in PQD to
incorporate changes by the IP – changes after db reloads
UD(>=20120401)
• First Available FAV – First time a document is loaded in a database.
Doesn’t change after db reloads – identifies Basic Updates in Patent dbs.
FAV(>=20120401)
• Date fields accept both formats YYYY and YYYYMMDD
Date Searching
General Date Searching Fields
Date Searching specific fields on:
Biosis, Embase, Medline,
• Additional date fields pointing different record handling time –
totally separate from Publication Date!
Embase, Medline Date Searching
• Date Created (DCRE)
– the date on which Elsevier, NLM created the record
DCRE(20111001)
DCRE(20091231-20120411)
• Updated Date (UD)
UD(201110415)
UD(>20110415)
MEDLINE
Appendixes:
3/18/2015 116
• Using Biomedical Limits in Command Mode
• Stages of Medline Documents
• More on Date Searching
LIMIT BIOSIS EMBASE MEDLINE DDFU
ABSTRACT ABANY(YES) ABANY(YES) ABANY(YES) ABANY(YES)
ANIMAL ANIMAL(YES) ANIMAL(YES) or
EMB(animal or rat
or mouse or rabbit
or dog or pig or
swine or cattle or
chicken or monkey
or cat)
ANIMAL(YES) or
MESH(“animals”)
SU("lab.animal --
FT")
HUMAN HUMAN(YES)
or
ORM(human
or humans)
HUMAN(YES) or
(emb.exact("human"
) OR emb(case or
clinical or child))
HUMAN(YES) or
MESH("humans")
SU(“human -- FT")
or SU(“cases -- FT")
MALE/FEM MALE(YES) MALE(YES) MALE(YES)
ADULT Emb.Exact("adult") Mesh.Exact.Explode
("Adult")
LIMIT BIOSIS EMBASE MEDLINE DDFU
CHILD (EMB.EXACT("child") or
EMB(adolescent or
baby or child or boy or
girl or infant or
juvenile))
REVIEW AT.exact("review")
or
DTYPE(review)
DTYPE,RTYPE(review)
or
EMB.EXACT("review")
DTYPE(review or
"meta analysis" or
"consensus
development
conference" or
"consensus
development
conference, nih" or
guideline)
MEDLINE=YES MEDL(YES)
alternatively:
FASH(MEDLINE)
PRIORITY
JOURNAL
EMB.exact("priority
journal")
SU(Abridged Index
Medicus)
FULL TEXT FT(ANY) FT(ANY) FT(ANY)
Stages of Medline Records
• Document Status = DSTAT
• DSTAT("publisher") (new)
– Also known as « epub » or « ahead of print »
– electronically submitted citations for articles that appear on
the Web in advance of the journal issue's release
• DSTAT("in data review")
– the first step in quality control- the records will either be typically
reissued as “In-process” status records or go to “PubMed-not-
MEDLINE” final record status
• DSTAT("in process")
• "In Process" and "In Data Review"
– citations + abstract only (or citations only) - No MeSH terms
– loaded to the database for rapid distribution
– records meeting MEDLINE standards will be replaced with
indexed records labeled” Completed”
Stages of Medline Records
• DSTAT(PubMed-not-MEDLINE)
– have undergone quality review but NO MeSH Headings because
they are out of scope citations to articles in journals covered by
MEDLINE.
• DSTAT(OLDMEDLINE)
– small percentage : the criterion being that all the original MeSH
Headings which reside in the <Keyword List> have not yet been
mapped to current MeSH.
More on this, at the NLM’s website:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/elements_descriptions.html#medlnecitation
Stages of Medline Records
Date Searching
• The date-slider (on the filter pane) uses the numeric date (same
as start date)
• This means
– any record with a date like ‘2011’, ‘Mar-Apr 2011’ will show in
the date slider with the earliest searchable date, rather than
the searchable date that falls within the range requested.
• This means that reliable date range searches can only be
made on publication year, not yy/mm
If a record is supplied without a SPECIFIC “Publication Date”,
ProQuest Dialog makes certain assumptions.
• Monthly publications: (eg. Jan 2011)
• PQD will display the date as supplied – ie. Jan 2011.
• But for date range searching purposes, it assumes
• a ‘numeric’ date of 1st Jan 2011,
• a ‘start’ date of 1st Jan 2011 and an ‘end’ date of 31st Jan
2011.
Date Searching
• Bi-monthly publications: (eg. Mar-Apr 2011)
– PQD will display the date as supplied – ie. Mar-Apr 2011.
– But for date range searching purposes, it assumes
• a ‘numeric’ date of 1st Mar 2011,
• a ‘start’ date of 1st Mar 2011 and an ‘end’ date of 30th Apr 2011.
• Annual publications: ( eg. 2011)
– PQD will display the date as delivered – ie. 2011.
– But for date range searching purposes, it assumes
• a ‘numeric’ date of 1st Jan 2011,
• a ‘start’ date of 1st Jan 2011, and an ‘end’ date of 31st Dec 2011.
Date Searching
Command Language
Using the PROSHEETS
Prosheets
• Key to searching individual databases on ProQuest Dialog
• Database overview
• Available search fields, mnemonics, and examples
• Limit options
• Suggested command line strategy for common concepts
• Additional key information
126
127
128
ProQuest Dialog
Help & Assistance
Support & Training Resources
mailbox:
Key Support Pages
• Customer Information page
http://www.proquest.com/go/pqd
See Essential Tools and Resources in the Customer Information Page
• Training
www.proquest.com/go/dialogwebinars
• Support Center
http://support.proquest.com/dialog
• ProSheets (DataBase Information)
http://www.proquest.com/products-services/title-lists/ProQuest-Dialog-Prosheets.html
THANK YOU !
