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Perfect Vision's Dr Con Moshegov presentation on: Refractive surgery for GP's
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Con Moshegov
FRANZCO, FRACS
Con MoshegovFRANZCO, FRACS
Refractive Eye Surgeon
Refractive Surgery What a GP should know
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
Refractive Error
• Myopia: can’t see in the distance
• Hypermetropia: can’t see at near
• Astigmatism: blurred at any focal length
• Presbyopia: need for longer arms to read
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Cornea too steep
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Correction of Refractive Error
• Glasses• Contact Lenses• Surgery:
– Incisional (RK, AK, ‘T cuts’)– Cataract Surgery– Implantation of phakic (contact) lens– Excimer Laser PRK – LASIK– VISX Wavefront guided customised treatment
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
Radial Keratotomy
• No longer used
• Weakens cornea: danger in sports
• Glare and haloes at night
• Diurnal fluctuation in vision
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Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK)
• Arcuate incisions in cornea
• ‘Relax’ the tight steep axis to relieve astigmatism
• Can be straight (transverse) – T cuts
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MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
PRK
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MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
• Does not occur if laser is applied directly onto stroma
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LASIK
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LASIK
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Advantages of LASIK over PRK
• No risk of haze
• Much reduced degree of regression
• Almost no pain
• More accurate
• More rapid recovery of vision
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Microkeratomes
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MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
LASIK using the Amadeus
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Complications
• With creation of flap:– Incomplete– Free– Damaged– Epithelial defect
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Complications
• With laser ablation of bed:– under or over correction– regression can still occur– decentration– glare, haloes, starbursts, especially at night– excessive thinning
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MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
LASIK induced ectasia
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Contraindications
• Absolute: Keratoconus– Ectasia– Thinning and forward protrusion– Results in myopia and astigmatism– Associated with atopy
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MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
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Complications
• With interface– Implantation of foreign matter or epithelial cells– Inflammation under the flap– Infection (extremely rare)
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• Most common causes for dissatisfaction:– Not surgical complications, rather….
1. Dry eyes
2. Lack of independence from reading glasses
Day of Consultation(pre-operative evaluation)
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Consent Video
• Video outlining
– process of procedure
– potential risks & complications
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Pre-operative Evaluation• Answering of any questions arising from video• Medical and eye history• Atlas topography• Orbscan• Check previous or current glasses• Autorefraction• Manual refraction
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Doctors Assessment• Review corneal maps• Refraction• Confirm suitability • Comprehensive eye exam• Informed consent
– risks & complications– specific statistics related to individual
• Given time to consider
The Day of Treatment
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• Valium tablet - tranquiliser- muscle relaxant
• Anaesthetic drops• Reiterate details of what to expect
Preparation of the patient
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1. Lid speculum: blinking not a problem2. Pressure and loss of vision with suction3. Sound of motor of microkeratome4. Odour during lasering5. Movement won’t blind: 3D tracker
‘you can expect’
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• antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops for 7 days
• lubricating drops as necessary• shield at night for 2 nights• avoid swimming and eye make up for 2
weeks
Post operative regime
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Follow up
• Next day
• 2 to 3 weeks
• 3 months
• 12 months
• Life time post operative support
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Technolas 217z
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VISX Star S4
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Customised ablation
Wavefront technology
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Wavefront: Basicsfocuses incoming rays with a plane wavefront ...
... to one point.
Ideal Optical System
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Wavefront: BasicsOutgoing light rays from a focal point have again ...
... a plane wavefront.
MOSHEGOV Perfect Vision
Wavefront: BasicsOutgoing light rays from a system with Aberrations have ...
... a deformed wavefront.
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Wavefront: Basics
Incoming Wave
Lens System togenerate a
point at the retina
LASER
BEAM
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CCD-Camera Lens Array
Outgoing Wave CCD-Image
Wavefront: Basics
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Wavefront: Basics
CCD-Image
Example for a measured signal to reconstruct the wavefront!
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Integration of WaveScan® WaveFront System with the VISX STAR ActiveTrak™
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Limitations of LASIK
• Extremes of refractive error
• Thin corneas
• <32D or >50D after treatment
• Irregular astigmatism
• Narrow orbit and deep set eyes
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Alternative Options
• PRK
• Clear lens extraction
• Phakic IOL
• Combinations of the above
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CLE
Definition• Removal of non cataractous crystalline lens• Implantation of IOL• Purely for refractive purposes• Not chargeable to Medicare
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CLE
Concerns:
• Risks of intraocular surgery
retinal detachment
endophthalmitis• Eliminates accomodation
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CLE
• Retinal Detachment after Clear Lens Extraction for High Myopia Seven year follow up
Colin J, Robinet A, Cochener B.
Ophthalmology 1999; 106:2281-2285
52 eyes with myopia > -12.0D
RD in 2% at 4years and 8% at 7 years
nearly double estimated for similar unoperated eyes
despite prophylactic laser
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CLE
Typical patient:• Over 40 years• Hyperopic• Desperately wanting freedom from glasses
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Surgery
• phacoemulsification
• topical anaesthetic
• small incision (no sutures)
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Limbal relaxing incisions• deep incisions in peripheral cornea• guarded diamond blade• 500 to 600 micrometers deep
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CLE
Residual refractive error• Bioptics
– LASIK– 3 months post op
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Array Multifocal IOL
Silicone 3 piece lens
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The ARRAY®IOLRefractive Multifocal IOL Design
• Five concentric zones
• Each zone has a near, intermediate and distance
weighting
• Odds = weighted distance
• Evens = weighted near
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Accommodating IOL
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Myth
• My cataract was removed with a laser
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Myth
• They had to take my eye out to remove the cataract and then they put it back again
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Myth
• The advertisement said they can make me do away without the need for reading glasses
• Monovision
• (non laser methods)
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Myth
• Laser eye surgery will fix my eyesight forever
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Take home points
• LASIK is the most popular form of refractive surgery
• Complications can occur but are rarely devastating
• New developments include customised or wavefront treatments and sophisticated 3D trackers
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Take home points• Cataract surgery is an alternative refractive
procedure but is less accurate• Cataract extraction is now possible under
topical anaesthetic • The cataract is removed using mechanical
fragmentation at ultrasonic frequencies not laser
• New developments include multifocal and accomodating implants
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Conclusion
• Refractive surgery, both laser and lens procedures, is said to be the most rapidly evolving subspecialty not only of ophthalmology but medicine!
• So ongoing education is essential.• I hope this presentation will help
General Practitioners have a better appreciation of it’s scope.