Road traffic accident in Saudi Arabia

Done by:Dr. Hmood Alnasser

Dr. Abdullah Alabdulqader Dr.Fahad Albedaiwi

Dr. Ahmad ALkhayyal

Supervised by:Dr.Ammr Bamanie

Objectives

• By the end of this session you able to know:

• Introduction and epidemiology.• Causes and risk factors.• Impacts.• Family physician role and recommendations.

RTA DEFINITION BY WHO

• A road traffic injury is a fatal or non-fatal injury incurred as a result of a collision on a public road involving at least one moving vehicle .

Epidemiology

WHO reported that 1.24 million people were killed on the road, and up to 50 million people were injured worldwide.

A study conducted in 2012 shows 600,000 crashes recorded in the Kingdom, resulting in the death of around 7,638 .

Death Rate Per 100,000 

IRAN IRAQ LIBYA OMAN YEMAN SAUDI ARABIA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Saudi arabia one of the highest rate of death due to RTA with rate of 25.33 per 100.000 of the whole population.

Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities, while road traffic fatalities do not exceed 1.7% in Australia, United Kingdom (UK).

• Saudi Arabia was found to have higher number of deaths from RTAs (accident to death ratio is 32:1 versus 283:1 in USA).

Experts predict that if the current rate of traffic accidents continue, the Kingdom may have four million traffic accidents a year by 2030.

Causes of RTA in Saudi Arabia

Driver Road Car

Distracted Driving

-Excessive speed the most of the reviewed studies reported excess speed as the major cause of RTAs, accounting for 43.1% (in 2010)

Violation of signals at

intersections

Fatigue Wrong side

Break suddenlyImproper Turns

Bad habits and careless driving Teenage Drivers

Not use seat belt Poor eyesight

Presence of alcohol and other drugs

Hypoglycemia

A large increase in the number of vehicles and expansion of road networks within and between cities

Large national development projects which require the development of supporting transport systems .

animal crossing

bad weatherrain darkness driving Fog

Deadly Curves Potholes

Tire Blowouts

Leakage of fluid and gas

impacts of RTA

impacts of RTA:

1-Morbidity and mortality.2-Social and economic impact. 3-Psychological impact .4-Health impact.5-Environmental impact

1-Morbidity and mortality.

-Injuries are usually multisystem • Head injury : most common cause of death after trauma is severe brain

injury .• Splenic injury : The most commonly injury in intra-abdominal organs .• Spinal injury .• Blunt cervical vascular injury . • Thoracic injury .• Bone injury : most common in lower extremities .

Cont.

• Aortic injury .• Blunt cardiac injury .• Blunt tracheo-bronchial injury . • Diaphragmatic injury .• Abdominal injury .• Hepatic injury .• Pelvic injury .

WHO predicts that road traffic injuries will rise to eighth place by 2030 as a cause of death

2030 Disease or injury

2002Disease or injury

10. Perinatal conditions10. Road traffic injuries

9. Tuberculosis9. Trachea, bronchus, lung

cancers

8. Road traffic injuries8. Tuberculosis

7. Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers7. Diarrhoeal diseases

6. Diabetes mellitus6. Perinatal conditions

5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease4. HIV/AIDS

3. HIV/AIDS3. Lower respiratory infections

2. Cerebrovascular disease2. Cerebrovascular disease

1. Ischaemic heart disease1. Ischaemic heart disease

5. Lower respiratory infections

SAUDI ARABIA TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATHAGE-STANDARDIZED DEATH RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION WHO in 2014

rate TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATH

165.67 1-Coronary heart disease

126.77 2-stroke

44.89 3-influenza and pneumonia

35.61 4-diabetes mellitus

32.09 5 -kidney disease 25.33 6-road traffic accident

22.36 7-Hypertension

11.00 8-lung disease

9.61 9 -inflammatory heart

8.54 10-breast cancer

SAUDI ARABIA TOTAL DEATH CAUSE BY RTA around 5,247 (6.53%)

2 -social and economic impacts • Cost of damage .• loss of income due to disability .• loss of main breadwinner .• Legal consequences .• Medical and rehabilitation costs .

The costs of road traffic injuries are enormous

Costs (US $ billion)

Region Estimated annual crash

GNP 1997( US $ billion)

Africa

Asia Latin America and Caribbean

Middle East Central and Eastern Europe

370 2 454 1 890

495 659

3.7 24.5 18.9

7.4 9.9

Subtotal 5 615 64.5 Highly motorized countries 22 665 453.3

Total 517.8

•The average estimated cost of accidents in Saudi Arabia every year around 21 billion SR .

3 -Psychological impacts

• Emotional disorders .• Post-traumatic stress disorder .• Depression .• Anxiety .

4-health impacts.

• Most of occupancy in surgical ward .• Impaired physical activity for long period .• Permanent disfigurement and cosmetic problems .

5-Environmental impact

• Effect on transport system .• Effect on productivity.• Effect on community and nature .

Family Physician Role and Recommendations

Family Physician Role

-The evidence sufficiently supports that the action plans in KSA mostly focused on the prevention of RTIs rather than RTAs.

44Ex: ?? Why ??

Family Physician Role

• Seat belt laws.

• Because : No detailed information in Accident reporting system

45

Family Physician Role

• General:• Communicate, collaborate and coordinate

• Raise awareness of the community ex: (young drivers) . how??

• Training the communities in first response care

46

Family Physician Role

• Establish road safety committee:1- Supervising and evaluate program and strategies.

2- Research activities to study the factors causing RTA.

3- Accessible well organized data collecting system

47

Recommendations • Specific

• Roads:• Establish cyclist, buses, and ambulance lanes• Provide different kinds of transportation.

48

Recommendations

• Increase pedestrian crossings ( every 100m).

• Good distribution of Saher in highways

• Firm punishment for those who violate traffic rules

49

Recommendations

• Drivers and passengers• Seatbelt for the driver and passengers.• Use baby seats .

50

Recommendations

• Don’t use phones .

• Regular Chick up of the car .

51

Recommendations

• Cyclist:• Enforcement of helmet use.

52

Any questions

• Saudi arabia one of the highest rate of death due to RTA with rate of 25.33 per 100.000 of the whole population.• Ratio of accident to death in Saudi Arabia is 32:1• The causes depend on driver ,road and car • The most common causes of RTA in Saudi Arabia is Excessive speed• impact of RTA injuries should be taken as bio-psycho-social .• FP has to be communicator , collaborator and coordinator.

Summary

References

Scholar

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404474/Saudi Med J. 2015; 36(4): 418–424Public Health (2000) 114, 37±39