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Sexually transmitted
diseases (STD)A.THANGAMANI RAMALINGAM
PT, MSc(PSY),PGDRM, ACspss, MIAP
STD Infection or disease that can be passed from one person to
another during sexual activity.
It may include chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis,
genital herpes, scabies, pubic lice (crabs), hepatitis,
Trichomoniasis, HPV and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)
The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, yeast, and
viruses.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection-Neisseria gonorrhoeae-the clap/drip
cloudy or bloody discharge from the penis or vagina
Painful urination
Itching
Gonococcal conjuctivitis
complications of gonorrhea -skin pustules or petechia, septic arthritis, meningitis, or endocarditis
infertility
affecting the infant's eyes-ophthalmia neonatorum.
Symptoms after 2 days to 3
weeks after infection.
pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID)
Cephalosporins
/azythromycin/doxycycline
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection.-"the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases
infection by Treponema pallidum
The disease affects genitals, skin and mucous membranes, but it can also involve many other parts of your body, including your brain and your heart.
syphilis may occur in four stages — primary, secondary, latent and tertiary
Neurosyphilis
There is a 9 to 90 day incubation period after initial infection -average time 21 days, before the initial signs and symptoms of the disease emerge.
a syphilis sore (painless)known as a chancre, commonly occurs on the vulva, vagina, anus, or penis.
Late-stage syphilis is a serious illness. Heart problems, neurologic problems, and tumorsmay occur, leading to brain damage, blindness, paralysis, and even death
HIV HIV is an infection with the
human immunodeficiency virus. HIV interferes body's ability to fight viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause illness, and it can lead to AIDS, a chronic, life-threatening disease.
(HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A partial listing of opportunistic organisms includes:
Aspergillus sp.
Candida albicans
Clostridium difficile
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium
Cytomegalovirus
Geomyces destructans (bats)
Histoplasma capsulatum
Isospora belli
Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus, the virus that causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Kaposi's Sarcoma caused by Human herpesvirus8 (HHV8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)
Microsporidium
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. hominis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes Toxoplasma gondii
Diagnosis ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) antibody
blood test. If the sample tests positive for HIV, the more-accurate Western blot antibody blood test or an HIV nucleic acid test (viral load or HIV DNA PCR) is performed to confirm a diagnosis
VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) blood test or RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) blood test, (FTA-ABS) Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption antibody blood test or (TPHA) T. pallidum hemagglutination assay, to confirm a positive finding on the VDRL or RPR test
laboratory testing of cervical, vaginal or penile secretions /urine test
Physiotherapy SWD
TENS
Moist heat
PFM exercises
Relaxation -EMG bio feed
back
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation
Neuromuscular rehabilitation
Therapeutic exercises
ETT/fitness /aerobic exercises
Balance and coordination training
Vocational training
Counselling
Recreational therapies
Physiotherapy evaluation
Components of Physical Fitness Health-Related Physical
Fitness Components
Body Composition
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Muscle flexibility and
endurance
Skill-Related Physical
Fitness Components
• Power
• Speed
• Coordination
• Balance
Cardiorespiratory Endurance VO2max
Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular
Endurance Run (PACER) test
Mile run or mile walk test
Cycle ergometer
20-meter endurance shuttle run
Cardiopulmonary
assessment
Neurological assessment
Rehabilitation
Cardiac rehab protocol
Pulmonary rehabilitation protocol
Goals of rehabilitation
Preventive Restorative
Supportive Palliative
Physical Psychological
Social Economical/vocational
Quality of Life
References
http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2014/2014-std-guidelines-
peer-reviewers-08-20-2014.pdf
CDC. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines.
MMWR. 2010;59 (No. RR-12).
ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists) site
CDC. Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of
Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia and Syphilis. Available at
http://www.aphl.org/aphlprograms/infectious/std/Pages/stdtes
tingguidelines.aspx.