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Simplifying Mobile Phone
Food Diaries with Food
Indexes
Adrienne Andrew*, Gaetano Borriello, James
Fogarty
Computer Science & Engineering
dub group
University of Washington
29 September 2013
1*Now at ARO, Inc
Food diaries are powerful tools:
● for self-awareness
● for change
● for diagnosis
2
Food diaries are powerful tools:
● for self-awareness
● for change
● for diagnosis
3
…but people find it challenging to keep using them.
Finding a food in the database
● Choose what to search for
– Broad query yields too many results
– Specific query yields no results
● Choose which result
– How to choose which one to pick
● Self-prepared foods such as
salads
– Small amounts of many different
foods
4
Finding a food in the database
● Choose what to search for– Broad query yields too many
results
– Specific query yields no results
● Choose which result– How to choose which one to pick
● Self-prepared foods such as salads
– Small amounts of many different foods
5
● Literacy
● Nutritional literacy
● Contextual stress
What does a food diary with no
database look like?
6
Food Indexes
● Rubric for diet quality
● Combines components– Food Groups:
• Grains
• Dairy
• Meat/Beans/Eggs
– Nutrients: • Calories
• Fat/Carbohydrates/Protein
• Calcium
● Adequacy, Moderation, Target
7
Is it easier to track food intake with
a Food Index?
8
In-lab study comparing food index-based food diaries to a traditional food diary.
FBQI
Food-Based Quality Index
(FBQI)
9
● Food-group based
● Target only
● 7 components
HEI
Healthy Eating Index ’05 (HEI)
10
● Food-group and
nutrient based
● Adequacy and
moderation
● 9-12 components
Traditional
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BALANC
E
HEI FBQI
More detail Less detail
Amount of detail/information captured
12
Traditional
BALANC
E
HEI FBQI
More time Less time
Hypothesis 1: Time to enter
13
Traditional
BALANC
E
HEI FBQI
More correct More Errors
Hypothesis 2:
Correctness
14
Traditional
Study Procedure
● 12 participants
● In-Lab
● 3 conditions: TRAD, HEI, FBQI
● 5 tasks/condition
– Breakfast (3 food items)
– Small snack (1 food item)
– Lunch (4 food items)
– Big snack (2 food items)
– Dinner (6 food items)
15
Sample TaskD1
Spaghetti, Al Dente, Cooked1 cup(s)
Green Peas, Frozen, Boiled, Drained½ cup(s)
SARGENTO FANCY Shredded Parmesan Cheese¼ cup(s)
PEPPERIDGE FARM Crusty Italian Bread, Garlic1 serving(s)
Green Salad¾ cup(s)
HIDDEN VALLEY The Original Ranch Dressing2 tablespoon(s)
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Measures
● Task Time
● Correctness
● TLX
● User report/Feedback:
– Preference ranking
– Useful for goals
– Length of use
– Likes/Dislikes
17
TLX
● How much mental activity was required to perform the tasks?
● How much physical exertion was required to perform the tasks?
● How discouraged, irritated, stressed, or annoyed did you feel while completing the tasks?
● How successful do you think you were in accomplishing the goals of the task?
● How quickly do you think you were able to do the tasks?
● How easy was this interface to use?
● How easy was this interface to learn?
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Time & Correctness
0
5
10
15
20
25
HEI FBQI BAL
Min
ute
s
Time in Condition
TRAD
0
2
4
6
8
10
HEI FBQI BAL
Co
rre
ctn
ess
Sco
re
Correctness
19
[All pairwise comparisons significant at α=0.05] [HEI < FBQI significant at α<0.05, HEI < TRAD significant at α<0.05]
TRAD
TLX Responses
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mental DemandPhysical ExertionDiscouraged, IrritatedSuccessful Quickly Easy to Use Easy to Learn
Rat
ing
HEI
FBQI
BALANCETRAD
Which one will help you reach your
goal?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lose weight Eat "better" Control portion sizes Eat less/more
Nu
mb
er
of
Par
tici
pan
ts
BALANCE HEI
I'm mostly interested in how balanced my diet is
and the HEI display seemed to do that best.
I'm not as focused on calories, but if I was, I
would like the BALANCE display best.
The third just seemed to imprecise to be a valid
representation.
21
TRAD
Take-aways
● It’s possible to simplify too much (FBQI)– There was a concern about “fooling” the
tool
● HEI may provide a means to track both “good stuff” and “bad stuff”
● Caveat: Lab studies don’t reflect the real world
● If you’re looking for a way to improve self-report of food intake, consider augmenting with no database
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And a little glimpse of what
comes next…
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Pattern-Oriented Nutrition Diary
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Home screen shows daily pattern.
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+1 buttons on
the main
screen allow
for quick entry
Serving Size Information
27
