Alfarabi Colleges College Of Medicine

Medical Ethics & Professionalism

MEP-Seminar

GENDER SELECTION

Introduction

Boy or Girl? A couple that had eight girls in successive pregnancies desperately wished for a boy. They decided to try IVF with selection of male gametes. The obstetricians refused because there was no medical indication, since the couple had no problem in conceiving. The desire to have children of a particular gender is a very

human one. Some parents attempt to influence the gender of their baby, but some of the methods used give rise to ethical problems.

Objectives

The presentation will describe these point:• What does mean by gender or sex selection and who preference for sex of child?• What is the ethical aspects of gender selection?• describe the religion aspects & Islamic ruling for sex selection.• Discuss the legality of sex selection in some contries.

Outlines

Definition. Who preference for sex of child? Ethical aspects. ethical concern. Islamic ruling and religion aspects. Legality of sex selection in some countries.

Definition

An antenatal procedure to select a fetus with the desired gender. It’s done with:o IVF/PGD technique.o After ovarian stimulation, multiple eggs are removed from the

mother. The eggs are fertilized in the laboratory using the father's sperm in a technique called in vitro fertilization.

Preference For Sex Of Child

In many cultures, male offspring are desired in order to inherit property, carry on the family name and to provide support for parents in old age.

In countries such as India, China and Nepal sons have been favored over daughters.

Ethical Aspects Ethical issues are always considered in sex selection. In fact selecting

the gender of a child before birth is controversial, because as it is pointed out in human rights, racial preference is strongly prohibited, so can be gender preference considered an approved decision, as it is in favor of a gender over another, while diminishing the opposite sex's value in society.

Sex selection is often discussed seriously and always a question arises that whether use of modern technologies in fertility for selecting the gender of future child is ethical or not? Those who believe in this issue, usually consider this issue as disobedience of God, and therefore interfering in natural process of reproduction.

Different moral views about PGD

Perspectives and different ideas are about ethic in sex selection techniques like PGD. PGD aims to reassure and allay concerns about reproductive risk couples.

Countries and different religions have different attitudes about PGD: Christians and the Catholic Church forbid sex determination of

embryos, even for applications medicine. Christians know PGD eugenics. In Catholic theology, practical use of stem cells is considered bad and evil.

In Jewish law, Halacha, if there is no other way for a pregnant woman Therapeutic insemination with husband's sperm is allowed.

Ethical Concern

o Raised in the high-tech sex selection considerable controversy worldwide. Some experts believe it is a great way to achieve a balance between families, while others see that we are on a slippery slope.

o There is a moral debate about the unwanted embryos rights and fears that the widespread use of methods of sex selection may cause a deviation in the sex ratio in the general population.

Ethical Concern con..

o A public consultation was conducted in the United Kingdom on sex selection and found that the vast majority of people (80%) do not support the use of such technology for non-medical reasons.

o However, there is no doubt that the use of such techniques for medical purposes example of sex-linked genetic diseases indisputable legitimacy and human need to be applied here.

Islamic Ruling And Religion Aspects

FROM :1- the Quran 2- the sunna3- rayui jomhour

what the QURAN say about sex selection?

ل الغيث ويعلم ما في األرحام وما تدري نفس ماذا اعة وينز ه عmنده علم الس }إن الله عليم خبير{ ]لقمان: [34تكسب غدا وما تدري نفس بأي أرض تموت إن الل

ماوات واألرض يخلق ما يشاء يهب لمن يشاء إناثا ويهب لمن يشاء ه ملك الس �((لل � 48الذكور))سورة الشورى ايه

((ويسألونك عن الروح قل الروح من أمر ربي وما أوتيتم من العلم إال قليال

What about SUNNA ? THE PROPHET MOHAMMED SAID THE MAN WATER WHITE AND WATER FEMALE YELLOW IF THEY MET AND THE MAN SPERM BECOME MORE THEN WOMEN HE THEY WILL GET BOY IF ITOPPOSITE THEY WILL GET GIRL

فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم : »ماء الرجل أبيض، وماء المرأة أصفر، فإذا اجتمعا، فعال مني الرجل مني المرأة، أذكرا بإذن الله، وإذا عال مني المرأة مني الرجل، آنثا بإذن

الله«.

*FROM THIS NO PROBLEM IN SIX SELECTION*BECAUSE IF IT IS NOT PERMISSIBLE HE DID NOT TELL THEM

RAYUI JOMOHUR

There are two views :

some of them say permissible provided that knowing that god willing and god forbid it and spend

and others say it dpends on the need and the most accurate view of the need

WITH NO HATE TO WHAT COMES

Islamic Ruling And Religion Aspects

Islam, allows PGD is allowed for every x linked condition in which ovum and sperm are from husband and wife, and doesn’t help for transgenic humans, and treatment of x-linked disease is permitted in Islam with help of PGD which is preemptive in many cases.

Legality Of Sex Selection In Some Countries Sex selection is legal in most of the world. There is fertility tourism from the

United Kingdom, Australia and Canada to the United States for sex selection, because preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD, a potential expansion of IVF

Sex selection is illegal in China, but the Chinese government admits that the practice is widespread, especially in rural areas of China and among lawless groups such as ghettoized migrant workers in cities.

Sex selection is illegal in India. Prenatal determination of sex through ultrasound is also illegal in India. These laws are instituted to combat the prevalent practice of sex-selective abortion. However, these laws have generally failed to be effective in rural areas and, despite education efforts, sex-selective abortion continues to be widely practiced there

American law

Edgar Dahl & Julian Savulescu in its recent statement 'Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis', the

Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine concluded that preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection for non-medical reasons should be discouraged because it poses a risk of unwarranted gender bias, social harm, and results in the diversion of medical resources from genuine medical need. We critically examine the arguments presented against sex selection using preimplantation genetic diagnosis. We argue that sex selection should be available, at least within privately funded health care

Sex Selection in Germany

Edgar Dahl The majority of German specialists in

reproductive medicine opposes preimplantation sex selection for nonmedical reasons while recommending preimplantation sex selection for medical reasons, e.g. X-linked diseases like haemophilia.

CHINES LAW

CHINA: Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care, 1994 This Law is formulated in accordance

with the Constitution with a view to ensuring the health of mothers and infants and improving the quality of the newborn population.

Country Policy1Austria prohibited

New Zealand

Prohibited

South Korea Prohibited

Canada social uses prohibited

China social uses prohibited

Finland social uses prohibited

Hungary social uses prohibited

Croatia social uses prohibited

Italy social uses prohibited

References https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456876/ , https

://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents, page 203-209. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_selection http://philpapers.org/rec/CAMCDW-2 http://

geneticsandsociety.org/downloads/200904_sex_selection_memo.pdf http://

www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_china/ch_rec

TEAM WORK

األسماء االكاديمي الرقمالعزيز عبد فالح أنور

النخلي 20151411387

العلي علي عبدالله 20151411338منصور عبدالمجيد

الدوسري 20151411340

محمد عبدالعزيزالغامدي

20151411348

الشمري حميد عادل 20151411334

Thank You For Listening