Diabetes

By Yasmin MansorEvelyn VillarruelMahad SalatMohammad Hadi

What is Diabetes?

• “diabetes (a polygenic disease characterized by abnormally high glucose levels in the blood; any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst)”– Princeton.edu

Diabetes type IDiabetes type IICauses of the diseasesSigns & symptoms Controlling & Treatment Diabetes Long & short term effects Current researchAdditional Information

We are going to talk about:

Diabetes Type I

Diabetes type 1 is an out immune disorder were the immune system attacks the insulin which is a hormone produced by the pancreas.

This type of Diabetes is caused by environmental problems:

1.viruses 2.diet 3.chemicals in a persons genetically predisposed

Diabetes Type II

• Diabetes type 2 is the most common than diabetes type 1 because of that it is caused by two factors : the body does not produce enough insulin , the cells do not response to insulin or in some cases they are ignoring the insulin

• When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two major problems: the cells will be starved for energy.

• high blood glucose levels may lead to damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.

Causes of the diseases

All cells in the body needs sugar to function. The move the glucose (blood sugar) into the cell, body needs insulin. When it cant make insulin to push the glucose into the cell, the sugar level in the blood rise causing diabetic symptoms.

People who are overweight are more likely to get diabetes because fats does not allow body to use insulin properly.

Type II diabetes occur slowly and most people who are diagnosed with it are overweight, although anyone can get it.

Causes of the diseases

other risk factors: High blood pressure Age greater than 45 HDL (good cholesterol) cholesterol of less than

35 mg/dL. “Some experts believe that HDL removes excess cholesterol from arterial plaque, slowing its buildup.”

Race and Ethnicity (higher rate: African-American, Hispanics, and Native American)

Signs & symptoms

High level of sugar in your blood or urine can indicate that you have diabetes

Regular blood sugar is between 60 and 99 mg/dL Level of sugar between 60 and 120 mg/dL is

considered pre-diabetic Excessive thirst Excessive hunger

Signs & symptoms

Slow-healing of cuts and infections Continuous itching of skin Problems seeing clearly Fatigue Frequent urination Weight loss

Signs & symptoms

The best way to test for diabetes is fasting blood sugar level test, it is the most reliable way

Fasting blood sugar check is when sugar level in the blood is measured before you eat or drink anything

Treatment

Diabetes can NOT be treated, although it can be controlled with diets, exercise, using prescribed medication, and insulin injection

Type II diabetic patients may not need insulin

In order to maintain the right range of blood sugar, you have to try to reduce fat in you body

Treatment

Checking your blood sugar will help in deciding you diet

You might have to check your blood sugar up to four times in a day

Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia

• Hyperglycemia mean high blood sugar in the blood.

• Hypoglycemia means low blood sugar in the blood.

• So you want to keep your blood sugar level in check, nor too high, neither too low.

Long & short term effects

The short-term dangers are most common among patients with Type I, though Type II patients taking the class of drugs known as sulfonylurea.

The cumulative effects of diabetes are system wide Because diabetes causes both vascular and neurological damage, the end results are enormously significant. This is true for diabetics of both major types.

Current research

• Prediction and prevention of the disease through lifestyle modification and medications – especially because it may develop very slowly over time;

• Education and health service programs that ensure patients know everything they need to do to manage the disease;

• New technology and medications to combat insulin resistance and help patients regulate blood glucose, evaluated through clinical trials;

• Prevention and reversal of diabetes complications through eye, kidney and vascular cell biology research.

Current research

• Prediction and prevention of the disease through lifestyle modification and medications – especially because it may develop very slowly over time;

• Education and health service programs that ensure patients know everything they need to do to manage the disease;

• New technology and medications to combat insulin resistance and help patients regulate blood glucose, evaluated through clinical trials;

• Prevention and reversal of diabetes complications through eye, kidney and vascular cell biology research.

Facts and Myths about Diabetes

• 1. Diabetes is a silent epidemic and according to WHO there are 246 million people in the world living with diabetes. This is almost 6% of the world's adult population.

• 2. Diabetes in Asians is five times the rate of the white population

• 10. The current cost of treating diabetes and its complications in the world is estimated as US $ 215-375 billion. The disease is growing fastest in developing countries where there are more people in the lower and middle-income group.

Facts and Myths about Diabetes• Myth #1 You can catch diabetes from someone else.

No. Although we don’t know exactly why some people develop diabetes, we know diabetes is not contagious. It can’t be caught like a cold or flu. There seems to be some genetic link in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle factors also play a part.

• Myth #2 People with diabetes can't eat sweets or chocolate.If eaten as part of a healthy meal plan, or combined with exercise, sweets and desserts can be eaten by people with diabetes. They are no more “off limits” to people with diabetes, than they are to people without diabetes.

• Myth #3 Eating too much sugar causes diabetes. No. Diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. However, being overweight does increase your risk for developing type 2 diabetes. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, eating a healthy meal plan and regular exercise are recommended to manage your weight.

Myths• Myth #4 People with diabetes should eat special diabetic foods.

A healthy meal plan for people with diabetes is the same as that for everyone – low in fat (especially saturated and trans fat), moderate in salt and sugar, with meals based on whole grain foods, vegetables and fruit. Diabetic and “dietetic” versions of sugar-containing foods offer no special benefit. They still raise blood glucose levels, are usually more expensive and can also have a laxative effect if they contain sugar alcohols.

• Myth #5 If you have diabetes, you should only eat small amounts of starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes and pasta. Starchy foods are part of a healthy meal plan. What is important is the portion size. Whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice and starchy vegetables like potatoes, yams, peas and corn can be included in your meals and snacks. The key is portions. For most people with diabetes, having 3-4 servings of carbohydrate-containing foods is about right. Whole grain starchy foods are also a good source of fiber, which helps keep your gut healthy.

Conclusion :-

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That’s the best you can do

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Work Cited

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