The Wellness CompanyRev. : 1.0

Getting to know “Tipco” (Slide No. 3) Tipco Foods PCL ‘s Company Profile (Slide No. 4 - 6) Factory Location and Tipco Biotech Factory Layout (Slide No. 7 - 8) Tipco Biotech ‘s Business Conduct and Expertise with Advantage (Slide No. 9 - 10)

Natural Raw Materials Extraction (Slide No. 11) Tipco Biotech ‘s Extraction Know-how & Natural Raw Material Sourcing Experience (Slide No. 12 - 13) Local Natural Raw Material in Thailand for Potential Extraction and Market Details (Slide No. 14 – 16) Byproduct of Tipco Associate Company (Slide No. 17 - 18)

Production Capability & Facilities (Slide No. 19) Small Scale Production (Slide No. 20 – 23) Large Scale Production (Slide No. 24 – 29) Packaging for Shipment (Slide No. 30) In-house Lab Facilities (Slide No. 31)

Appendix (Slide No. 32) Natural Raw Material ‘s Active Ingredients and Functions (Slide No. 33 – 67)

Table of Contents

Getting to know “Tipco”

4

“Bring wellness to society”“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”-WHO-

Overall feeling of “Well-being”

Corporate Strategy

Supsakorn FamilyPublic

Agro Business Food & Beverage Investment

Tipco Foods PCL• Pineapple • Other Fruits

Products

Tipco F&B(50%, JV with Suntory) • Beverage• Food Service

Tipco Asphalt (24.3%) • Asphalt

TIPCO Foods PCL

45.24 %54.76 %

8 %

Total Revenue = 5,559 M฿ = 160 M$ = 17,900 M¥

Registered Capital = 482 M฿ = 14 M$ = 1,550 M¥

TIPCO Overview : Business Structure

Retail

Tipco Retails (75%) • Smoothie Juice Bar• Catering

Ingredients

Tipco Biotech (100%) • OEM/ODM Extraction • Plantation• Ingredient

6

1976 • Established as Thai Pineapple Co. LTD (TIPCO) with integrated cannery facilities for pineapple export

1989 • Went Initial Public Offering in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)

1994 • TIPCO F&B to enter the domestic market for RTD 100% fruit juice in aseptic carton

2004 • Introduced the first smoothie bar “Squeeze by Tipco”

2005 • Acquired Aura, a mineral water business

2007 • Formed 50/50 JV with Suntory in TFB to expand beverage business into ASEAN market.• Set up TIPCO Biotech to enter the extraction business

2009 • Introduced TIPCO Homsuwan, a new pineapple strain• Approved in accordance with Food Safety and Food Security Audit Program USA by FAI (Thailand)

2013• Introduced TEA+ (Tea Plus), Oolong tea with OTPP (Oolong Tea Polymerized Polyphenols)• Plant & Herbal Extract Factory was certified in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)

under the auspices of National Food Institute

2014 • Expanded Aura mineral production to 140 million bottles/ year to cope with the high growth demand

• ISO 9001 version 2008 approved by SGS (Thailand)2010

TIPCO Overview : Key Milestones

Bangkok

Natural Mineral Water

Beverages

Headquartercanned Pineapple TFS,Aloe Vera, Coconutmilk

Plant Extraction

Factory Location

Chiang Mai

Ayutthaya

Prachuap Khiri Khan

Agriculture Plantation

TBC Factory Total Area20 Rai / 7.9 Acre / 3.2 Hectare

Chemical Storage Room

Boiler Room

Hot Air Dryer No.2

Hot Air Dryer No.1

Warehouse

Office

Extraction Plant

IndoorDrying Bed

Available area (Indoor)

Maintenance Workshop

Canteen

Tipco Biotech Factory Layout

Available Area (Outdoor)

Training Room

In-house Lab

Raw MaterialReceiving & QC

OEM Business : Made-to-Order of Natural Raw Material Extraction with Know-how, Experience Natrual Raw Material (Natural Raw Material from Natural Agricultural Products, Fruits and Herbs)

Supply by Customer Sourcing by Tipco Biotech upon Customer Request (Service Fee) Using byproduct from Tipco Biotech Associate Company (Advantage in Market Price, Sourcing and Controlling of Quantity & Price)

Production (Conversion/Extract Fee will be based on Raw Material ‘s Quantity which all products quantity is belong to the Customer) By Tipco Biotech ‘s Know-how, Expertise and Experience By Customer ‘s Given Formula/Production Process (Confidential Agreement in Given Formula/Production process)

Privilege of Exclusive Products For long term production contract with a large quantity and consecutive demand

ODM Business : Service in Process Design of Extract Products and Commercial Production Support Design/Development

Full Design/Development by Tipco Biotech (Service Fee) Mutual Design/Development (Conform with Agreement)

Production Using Existing Facilities of Tipco Biotech (Conversion/Extract Fee) Joint-Venture in New Production Facilities (Conform with Agreement) Full Investment by Customer for New Production Facilities and Production Service by Tipco Biotech (Conform with Agreement)

Privilege of Exclusive Products For long term production contract with a large quantity and consecutive demand

Business Conduct

“ Reliable Quality & Reasonable Price ”

Skilled staffs with experience in extraction of natural agricultural products, fruits, herbs and also raw material sourcing for more than 7 years

Special designed facilities to support extraction process with high safety standard (EtOH Solvent)

Capability of extraction process in lab scale or small scale or large scale production

Internal Lab with high technology instruments for testing or analyzing sample and products

Excellence in quality control & quality assurance system with traceability to original supply sources

GMP Certify and others international standard based on customer request

High confidentiality in process development, production process and etc. for customers

1,000 Sq.M. warehouse facility to support raw material, finish goods storage and etc.

Available space and land for future business expansion

Corporate R&D Center for technical support

Corporate business support in Tipco Foods Group

Cooperation with outsourcing and top university such as NIA, Chulalongkorn University and etc.

Expertise with Advantage

Natural Raw Materials Extraction

Tipco Biotech ‘s Extract Know-how & Raw Material Sourcing Experience (1/2)

Agricultural Extension or Contract Farming with GAP can be established based on customer requests

Ginger(Gingerol and Shagoal)*

Black Ginger(Methoxyflavone Derivative)*

Turmeric(Curcuminoids)*

Plai(Curcuminoids)*

Waan hom daeng(Eleutherine, Eleutherol)*

Brahmi*(Bacoside A and B)

Gutu kola*(Asiaticoside and Madecassoside)

Phaya-yor(Stigmasterol and Lupeol)*

Fah Ta Lai Jone(Andrographolide and its derivatives)*

Roselle*(Anthocyanins)

Butterfly Pea*(Ternatins and Kaempferol)*

Plao noi(Plaunotal)*

Tipco Biotech ‘s Extract Know-how & Raw Material Sourcing Experience (2/2)

Agricultural Extension or Contract Farming with GAP can be established based on customer requests

Gac*(Lycopene)

Emblica*(Gallic Acid)*

Mangosteen(Xanthones)*

Chili(Capsaicin an its Derivatives)*

Long pepper(Piperine)*

Bael*(Impertonin, Marmelin)*

Red Dragon Fruit*(Anthocyanins (Betacyanin)

Bitter Melon(Charantin)*

Local Natural Raw Material in Thailand for Potential Extraction (1/2)

Agricultural Extension or Contract Farming with GAP can be established based on customer requests

Sand ginger(Kaempferol)*

White Kwao Krua(Miroestol and Genistin)*

Red Kwao Krua(Pterocarpans and Isoflavonoids)*

Waan Chak Modluk*(Diarylheptanoid Derivatives)*

Devil's Backbone*(Beta-sitosterol, Resveratrol)*

Henna Leaf*(Lawsone)

Cassod tree*(Barakol)*

Holy basil*(Eugenol, Orientin)*

Durian Ted*(Annomuricin Derivatives)*

Rang Jeud Leaf*(Phenolic Compounds)*

Ya nang Leaf*(Polyphenol and Isoquinolin)*

Noni*(Flavonoids and Iridoids)*

Local Natural Raw Material in Thailand for Potential Extraction (2/2)

Agricultural Extension or Contract Farming with GAP can be established based on customer requests

Velvet Bean(L-DOPA and Glutathione)*

Logan(Gallic Acid and Ellagic Acid)*

Sesame(Sesamin)*

Local Natural Raw Material in Thailand Market DetailsPart Seasonal mt/year THB/kg

1). Ginger Tuber Jan. – Mar. 500 30 - 40

2). Black Ginger Tuber Dec. - Feb. 400 50 - 200

3). Turmeric Tuber Jan. – Mar. 80 25 - 50

4). Plai Tuber Dec. – Feb. 30 20 - 50

5). Waan Hom Daeng Tuber May, Aug. 10 300 - 500

6). Brahmi Leaf Jun. – Jul. 50 40 - 100

7). Guto Kola Leaf May – Jul. 60 40 - 50

8). Plau noi Leaf * Jun., Sep. 20 150

9). Phaya-yor Leaf * May – Jul. 20 300 - 400

10). Fah Ta Lai Jone Leaf * All 70 150 - 250

11). Roselle Calyx * Nov. – Jan. 100 200 - 300

12). Butterfly Pea Flower * All 25 500 - 650

13). Chili Fruit * Sep. – Nov. 150 400 - 500

14). Long Pepper Fruit * All 50 300 - 400

15). Emblica Fruit Oct. – Dec. 100 50 - 80

16). Gac Fruit Feb. – Apr. 135 80 - 100

17). Red Dragon Fruit Aug. – Oct. 50 70 - 100

18). Bael Fruit * Jul. - Aug. 10 100 - 300

19). Mangosteen Peel * Jan. – Mar. 50 40 - 100

Part Seasonal mt/year THB/kg 1). Sand Ginger Tuber Jan. – Mar. 8 50 - 100

2). White Kwao Krua Tuber * Nov. – Dec. 10 150 - 300

3). Red Kwao Krua Tuber * Nov. – Dec. 15 190 - 250

4). Wann Chak Modluk Tuber Dec. – Feb. 30 25 - 40

5). Devil’s Backbone Stem * All 10 300 - 500

6). Henna Leaf Jul. – Aug. 5 220 - 300

7). Cassod Tree Leaf Mar. – Apr. 2 80 - 150

8). Holy Basil Leaf All 20 10 - 40

9). Durian Ted Leaf * All 10 200 - 600

10). Rang Jeud Leaf * All 80 300 - 400

11). Ya Nang Leaf All 3 100 - 300

12). Noni Fruit * Sep. – Nov. 10 150 - 180

13). Velvet Bean Seed * Oct. Dec. 20 300 - 600

14). Logan Seed * Jul. – Aug. 200 120 - 250

15). Sesame Seed * Sep. – Oct. 10 80 - 120

Note : * = Dried Raw Material

Byproduct from Tipco Associate Company (1/2)

Pineapple Peel (27%)(40,500 mt/year)

Pineapple Core (4%)(6,000 mt/year)

Pineapple Fiber (2%)(3,000 mt/year)

Based on Fresh Pineapple Production 150,000 mt/year

Based on PapayaProduction 2,000 mt/year

Papaya Seed (12%) (240 mt/year)

Based on Aloe Vera Production 17,000 mt/year

Aloe Vera Peel (50%)(8,500 mt/year)

Papaya Peel (35%) (700 mt/year)

Byproduct from Tipco Associate Company (2/2)

Based on Mandarin OrangeProduction 1,000 mt/year

Orange Peel & Seed & Fiber (50%) (500 mt/year)

Based on Coconut Milk Production 1,200 mt/year

Coconut Fiber (30%) (360 mt/year)

Production Capability and Available Facilities

Production Capability & Facilities : Small Scale Production (1/4)

Other Facilities : Hydraulic Press, Treadmill and Blender

Machine : Hydraulic PressBag Size : 30 x 36 x 20 cm.System : Two Speed HydraulicApplication : To press coconut milk and all kind of fruit 100% without water Process Type : Batch

Machine : TreadmillMill Size : F 30 cm. (12”)Motor : 10 Hp. 1,400 rpm. Process Type : Continuous

Machine : BlenderTank Size : F 40 cm. H 80 cm. (100 Ltr.) Operation Capability : 50 Ltr.Motor : 2 Hp. 2,900 rpm. Process Type : Batch

Production Capability & Facilities : Small Scale Production (2/4)

Other Facilities : Homogenizer, Vibro Sifter and Dispensing Booth

Machine : Homogenizing MixerSpeed : 0 – 3,000 rpm (Max.)Material : SUS AISI 304Mixing Head : SilversonDiameter : 120 mm.Lifting Equipment : HydraulicMachine Stand : Carbon SteelNote : 100 Ltr. Mixing Tank

Packing Room : Dispensing BoothClass : 10,000Room Size : 1.7 x 1.85 x 2 m.Filtering System : HEPA FilteringTemperature Avg. : 28.65 C ̊Relative Humidity Avg. : 31.31 %

Machine : Vibro SifterQuantity : 2 Decks (1 Deck with Sieve)Material : SUS AISI 304Deck Diameter : 500 mm.Deck Height : 150 mm.Loading Port Diameter : 250 mm.Discharge Port Diameter : 100 mm.Deck Connection : Quick ClampNote : 500 mm. Sieve Diameter

Production Capability & Facilities : Small Scale Production (3/4)

Extract Facilities : Extraction, Filtration and Falling Film Evaporation

Machine : Extraction TankTank Size : 500 Ltr.Agitator : 50 rpmTemperature : Ambient - 150 °C (Max.)Heating Source : SteamHeating Controller : 4 – 20 mAHeating System : Half – Coil JacketMaterial : SUS AISI 316 L (Inner)Solvent : Water or EtOH

Machine : Filtration (Screen)Capability : 30 - 50 kg/batch (Residue)Operation : Ambient – 5 barRaw Material : Liquid, SlurryScreen Size : F 70 cm.Filtering Screen : PE 1, 5, 20, 100, 200 Micron

Machine : Falling Film Evaporation (Water)Tank Size : 1,000 Ltr. (Falling Film Chamber)Evaporation : >100 Ltr/hr @ (45 – 60 °C)Vacuum Pressure : -0.5~1 kg/cm2 G.Pre-Heater : Plate Heat ExchangerHeating Source : SteamCooling Source : Chiller (Shell & Tube)Material : SUS AISI 316 L

Production Capability & Facilities : Small Scale Production (4/4)

Extract Facilities : EtOH Vacuum Evaporation, Vacuum Blender and Spray Dry

Machine : Vacuum BlenderWorking Volume : 145 Ltr. (Max.)Blade Speed : 0 – 24 rpmInternal Vessel Pressure : 700 mm.HGJacket Pressure : 3 kgF/cm2Jacket Type : Double Steam HeatingBlade Type : PloughMaterial : SUS AISI 316Note : Explosion Proof

Machine : Spray DryFeed System : 10 – 60 Ltr/min (Mono Pump)Atomizing System : Two-Fluid NozzleEvaporation Rate : 40 kg/hr @ 350/90 °CHeating Source : Heater 48 kw (Incoloid) Heating Controller : 4 – 20 mADrying Chamber : F 1,250 mm. H 1,250 mm.Material : SUS AISI 316 LNote : Pneumatic Hammers 3 Set

Machine : EtOH Vacuum EvaporatorWorking Volume : 200 LtrAgitator : 50 rpmEvaporation : 70 Ltr/hr @ 35 °C Max.Heating Source : SteamEtOH Recovery Efficiency : 80 – 90 %EtOH Recovery Tank : 50 LtrMaterial : SUS AISI 316 LNote : Explosion Proof & Closed System

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (1/6)

Drying Facilities : Drying Bed, Oven and Hot Air Dryer

Machine : Stainless Steel Tray (SUS304)Capability : 20 Trays x (1.2 x 2.4 m.) Operation : Ambient Temp. (3 Days Sun)Raw Material : Tuber, Leaves, FiberInput : 70 – 80 % Moisture ContentOutput : 3 – 5 % Moisture ContentProcess Type : BatchNote : Indoor/Outdoor (Sun Dry)

Machine : OvenCapability : 30 Trays (0.5 x 0.90 m.)Operation : 120 °C (Max.)Raw Material : Tuber, Leaves, FiberInput : 70 – 80 % Moisture ContentOutput : 3 – 5 % Moisture ContentProcess Type : BatchNote : Electrical Heater

Machine : Hot Air DryerCapability : 1.0 mt/hrOperation : 80 – 120 °C (Max.)Raw Material : Tuber, Leaves, FiberInput : 70 – 80 % Moisture ContentOutput : 3 – 5 % Moisture ContentProcess Type : ContinuousNote : Diesel Fuel Burner

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (2/6)

Cutting Facilities : Chopper and Slicer

Machine : ChopperCapability : 5.0 mt/hrOperation : f 0-10mm. (Stick Wood)Raw Material : TwigProcess Type : Simi-automaticNote : Cutting Pieces

Machine : SlicerCapability : 0.40 mt/hrOperation : Slice ChipRaw Material : TuberOutput : 2 – 3 mm. ThicknessYield : 98% – 99%Process Type : Semi-automaticNote :

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (3/6)

Grinding Facilities : Hammer Mill, Pin Mill and Pulverization

Machine : Hammer millCapability : 0.5 mt/hrOperation : < 3.0mm. ThicknessRaw Material : Dried Leaves, FiberInput : 10 – 15 mm.Output : 0.3 – 0.5 mm.Yield : 99 %Process Type : Simi-automaticNote :

Machine : Pin millCapability : 40 kg/hrOperation : < 11% Moisture ContentRaw Material : Dried Leaves, Coarse PowderInput : 0.3 – 0.5 mm.Output : 80 – 90 MeshYield : 99 %Process Type : Simi-automaticNote :

Machine : PulverizationCapability : 1.0 mt/hrOperation : < 11% Moisture ContentRaw Material : Dried Leaves, FiberInput : 10 mm. Output : 80 – 100 MeshYield : 97%Process Type : ContinuousNote : Hammer mill => Turbo mill : Explosion Proof & Closed System

Extraction Facilities : Extraction, Filtration and Evaporation

Machine : Extraction TankCapability : 10,000 Ltr.Operation : Ambient - 80 °C (Max.)Solvent : Water, EtOHRaw Material : Leaves, Powder Process Type : BatchNote :

Machine : EvaporationCapability : 1,200-1,500 ltr./hrOperation : Ambient - 80 °C (Max.)Vacuum Pressure : -1~3 kg/cm2 G.Solvent : Water, EtOH Process Type : ContinuousNote :

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (4/6)

Machine : Filtration (Centrifugal)Capability : 2,500 kg/CycleOperation : Force 720G, Speed 900 rpmInput : 0.3 – 0.5 mm.Output : 80 – 90 MeshYield : 99 %Process Type : Simi-automaticNote :

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (5/6)

Extract Facilities : EtOH Recovery & Sludge Dryer System

Machine : DistillatorCapability : 5,000 Ltr.Operation : Ambient - 100 °C (Max.)Solvent : EtOHInput : < 95% Concentrate of SolventOutput : > 95% Concentrate of SolventProcess Type : BatchNote :

Machine : Sludge DryerCapability : 12,000 kgOperation : Ambient - 80 °C (Max.)Raw Material : Coarse Powder, Fine PowderInput : 50 – 60 % Moisture ContentOutput : 10 – 20 % Moisture ContentProcess Type : BatchNote :

Production Capability & Facilities : Large Scale Production (6/6)

Packaging Facilities : Compact Cube Machine and Small Bag Sealing Machine

Machine : Compact CubeCapability : 3 mt/hrOperation : Pressure 150 kg/cm2 G.Raw Material : Leaves, FiberProcess Type : ContinuousNote : 150 kg/Cube

Machine : SealingCapability : 300 bag/hrOperation : Semi-automatic

Packaging for ShipmentPackaging Type : Cube, Jumbo Bag, Small Bag, Gallon, Carton, Drum

Package : Paper CartonPack : 15 kg. (Max.) Size : 12” x 16” x 10”Note : Paper Stiffener

Package : HDPE GallonPack : 1 kg.Size : 2.8” x 4.8” x 6.8”Pack : 5 kg.Size : 5.6” x 7.6” x 15.6”

Package : Aluminum FoilPack : 1 kg. Size : 10.15” x 13.75”Pack : 5 kg.Size : 19.3” x 21.25”

Package : Paper Wrap CubePack : CubeSize : 750 x 750 x 750 cm.

Package : PP Jumbo BagPack : 1.0 mt. Size : 90” x 90 x 100 cm.

Package : 54 Carton/PalletTotal Size : 42” x 49” x 65.25”Note : 9 Carton/Layer, 6 Layers

Package : 4 Drum/PalletTotal Size : 42” x 49” x 41.75”

Package : HDPE DrumPack : 200 Ltr.Size : F 21” H 36.5”

Package : Steel DrumPack : 200 Ltr.Size : F 22.85” H 34.85”

Package : 4 Drum/PalletTotal Size : 42” x 49” x 40.1”

Export Pallet Size : 42” x 49” x 5.25” (Max. Load 1.25 – 2.00 mt.)

In-house Lab FacilitiesLab Facilities : HPLC, UV Spectrophotometry, Chroma meter, Centrifuge, Homogenizer, Oven, Vacuum Drying Oven, Rotary Evaporator, Lab Shaker and Fume Hood

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Rotary EvaporatorOven

UV Spectrophotometry

Lab ShakerVacuum Drying Oven

Centrifuge Homogenizer

Fume Hood

Chroma meter

AppendixIndividual Raw Material ‘s Active Ingredients

and Functions

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Functions: boost bone health, strengthen the immune system, increase your appetite, prevents various types of cancer, improve respiratory conditions, aid digestion, eliminates arthritis symptoms, reduce excess gas, enhance sexual activity, and relieve pains related to menstrual disorders, nausea, and flu.

Active Ingredients:

https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/ginger.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106649/

Black Ginger (Kaemferia parviflora)

Functions: Medicinal usage for treating metabolic ailments and improving vitality. it can increase functionality and cardiovascular performance in otherwise healthy persons over 60.

Active Ingredients:

http://www.ergo-log.com/kaempferia-parviflora-over-sixties-fitter.html

https://examine.com/supplements/kaempferia-parviflora/

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Functions: Turmeric has been used as folk medicine in an attempt to treat stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores, based on its supposed antimicrobial property

Active Ingredients: The most important chemical components of turmeric are a group of compounds called curcuminoids, which include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric http://phytochemicalsindia.com/herbal-extracts-for-bio-fertilizer-pesticide.html

Plai (Zingiber cassumunar)

Functions: traditional medicine for inflammation, sprains, rheumatism, muscular pain, wounds and asthma.

http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2010/A1003081306505000.pdf

http://www.jonnsaromatherapy.com/pdf/Saowaluck_Antioxidant_Activity_of_Cassumunar_Ginger_2009.pdf

http://www.phytojournal.com/vol4Issue1/Issue_may_2015/3.1.pdf

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.429.6682&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Active Ingredients: Sabinene and terpinen-4-ol, cassumunarin A, cassumunarin B, cassumunarin C, alpha and beta-pinene, myrcene, terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, phenyl Butanoic dimers, (E)-4-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl)-but-3-en-l-ol, DMPBD ((E)-1(3, 4-dimethylphenyl) butadiene).

http://www.ktnature.net/article/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5-zingiber-cassumunar-roxbhttp://tropicalflowers.la.coocan.jp/Zingiberaceae/Zingiber%20montanum/Zingiber%20montanum.htm

Terpinen-4-olSabineneDMPBD

Waan hom daeng (Eleutherine americana)

Functions: Eleutherine americana Merr., a medicinal plant, which has been widely cultivated in South East Asia. Ethnobotanically, the plant is known for treating coronary abnormality. Other pharmacological investigations showed its potency as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, and also as inhibitors of α-glucosidase, HIV replication,and topoisomerase II. Naphtoquinones, recognized to exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties, and to demonstrate bioactivity as anti-cancer and antioxidant, are usually located within cell vacuoles in the form of glycosides.

Active Ingredients: Naphthoquinones (elecanacine, eleutherine, eleutherol, eleutherinone)

http://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D1102/D110210.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619614002216

http://journal.kcsnet.or.kr/main/j_search/j_download.htm?code=B130256

https://www.dovepress.com/standardization-of-prasaplai-a-thai-traditional-preparation-for-antidy-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-BTAT#

Eleutherol EleutherinoneEleutherine

http://www.phargarden.com/main.php?action=viewpage&pid=109

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)

Functions: A long history of use in the Ayurvedic medicine tradition in the treatment of a number of disorders, particularly those involving anxiety, intellect and poor memory.

Active Ingredients: A number of alkaloids and saponins, however, the major constituents are the steroidal saponins, Bacosides A and B.

https://healthybrahmi.wordpress.com/

http://www.wellcorps.com/files/MemoryEffectsofBacopaMonnieri.pdf

http://herbnutritionals.com/herbal-extracts/bacopa-monnieri

http://www.manager.co.th/Family/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9540000123157

Gutu kola (Centella asiatica)

Functions: Gotu kola has been used for varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, psoriasis, and minor wounds.

Active Ingredients: Centella has large amounts of pentacyclic triterpenoids including asiaticoside, brahmoside, asiatic acid, and brahmic acid (madecassic acid). Other constituents include centellose, centelloside, and madecassoside.

Triterpenoids

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centella_asiaticahttps://explorepharma.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/centella_asiatica_p_e.jpg

Plau noi (Croton stellatopilosus)

Functions: Gastritis, peptic ulcers, accelerates ulcer healing effects, anti-helminthic and to treat dermatological problems.

Active Ingredients: Plaunotol, plaunolide, plaunol A-E, ent-3α-hydroxy-13-epimanool, ent-16,17-dihydroxykaurane and fatty acid esters of plaunotol.

http://www.scienceasia.org/2006.32.n1/v32_017_020.pdf

http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/34-6/0597-0721-34-6-623-628.pdf

http://www.znaturforsch.com/ac/v62c/s62c0389.pdf

http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/viewFile/120443/109915 http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jbchs/v18n1/01.pdf

Plaunotol

PlaunolidePlaunol E

Phaya-yor (Clinacanthus nutans)

Functions: It has been used traditionally as antivenom, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antirheumatism, treatment of insect bites, herpes infection and allergic responses, antiviral and antioxidant.

Active Ingredients: Stigmasterol, lupeol, b-sitosterol, belutin, C-glycosyl flavones, vitexin, isovitexin, shaftoside, isomollupentin-7-O-b-glucopyranoside, orientin, isoorientin.

http://www.sabahsnakegrassherb.com/2013/03/present-for-nutans-also-known-as-sabah.html

http://www.tjpr.org/vol13_no9/2014_13_9_11.pdfhttp://www.medplant.mahidol.ac.th/publish/journal/ebooks/j13(2)-15(1)13-24.pdf

http://www.thaiscience.info/Article%20for%20ThaiScience/Article/2/Ts-2%20bioactive%20constituents%20from%20the%20leaves%20of%20clinacanthus%20nutans%20lindau.pdf

LupeolStigmasterol

Fah ta lai Jone (Andrographis paniculata)Functions: A primary modern use of A. paniculata is for the prevention and treatment of the common cold. It appears to have antithrombotic actions, suggesting a possible benefit in cardiovascular disease..

Active Ingredients: .

http://hellobotanica.com/catalog/for_body/andrographis/https://examine.com/supplements/andrographis-paniculata/

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)Functions: It is known to have diuretic effects, to help lower fevers and is an antiscorbutic. Reducing blood pressure for hypertensive patients.

Active Ingredients: Anthocyanin content was highest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselle_(plant) http://forums.gardenweb.com/discussions/1970114/around-the-yard-photos

http://mylittlevegetablegarden.blogspot.com/2011/02/first-roselle-juice-and-jam-in-tanah.html

Butterfly Pea (Thai name: An Chan, Clitorea ternatea)

Functions: Flower used traditionally as remedy for diuretic, anthelmintic, rheumatism, bronchitis, purgative, urinogenital disorder, demulcent and anticancer.

Active Ingredients: delphinidin-3,5-glucoside, delphinidin-3β-glucoside, malvidin-3β-glucoside, kaemphferol, p-coumaric acid and six major ternatins (ternatins A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2).

http://jocpr.com/vol7-iss2-2015/JCPR-2015-7-2-275-280.pdf

http://biomolecular.fiu.edu/research-clusters-1/publications/11-inhibitory-effect-of-clitoria-ternatea-flower-petal-extract.pdfhttp://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/JNPPR-vol3-iss2/JNPPR-2013-3-2-48-51.pdf

http://umpir.ump.edu.my/7010/1/CD7368.pdf

http://decembertown.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%994.jpg

http://decembertown.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%995.jpg

Ternatins A1 Kaemphferol

Chilly (Capsicum furtescens)Functions: Capsaicin is used as an analgesic in topical ointments, nasal sprays (Sinol-M), and dermal patches to relieve pain, typically in concentrations between 0.025% and 0.25%. It may be applied in cream form for the temporary relief of minor aches and pains of musclesand joints associated with arthritis, backache, strains and sprains, often in compounds with other rubefacients.[24] It is also used to reduce the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy such as post-herpetic neuralgia caused by shingles.

Active Ingredients: Capsaicin is the main capsaicinoid in chili peppers, followed by dihydrocapsaicin. These two compounds are also about twice as potent to the taste and nerves as the minor capsaicinoids, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin.

http://ugatrial.hort.uga.edu/index.cfm?fuseaction=plants.plantDetail&plant_id=16176

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capsicum_frutescens_%27Hidalgo%27_005.JPG

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsaicin

Capsaicin

Dihydrocapsaicin

Long pepper (Thai name: Dee pee, Piper longum)

Functions: It has been used as a crude drug for the treatment of the disorder of peripherally poor blood circulation in domestic medicine, gonorrhea, menstrual pain, tuberculosis, sleeping problems, respiratory tract infection, chronic gut-related pain and arthritic conditions.

Active Ingredients: The piperine content is 3-5% (on dry weight basis), iperonaline, piperettine, asarinine, tetrahydropiperine, terahydro piperlongumine, dehydropipernonaline piperidine.

http://xn--l3co4a0dc.net/th/2015/10/28/dried-long-pepper/

http://jpsionline.com/admin/php/uploads/17_pdf.pdf

http://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/volume5issue1/Article-010.pdf

http://www.globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/volume2issue2/Article%20016.pdf

Piperettine

http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Pipe_lon.html

Piperine

มะขามป้อม (Phyllanthus emblica)

Functions: There are many benefits as Enhances food absorption, Balances stomach acids, Fortifies the liver, Helps the urinary system, Promotes healthier hair, Good for the skin, Diabetes.

Active Ingredients: The fruit is rich in quercetin, phyllaemblic compounds, gallic acid, tannins, flavonoids, pectin and excellent source of vitamin C and also contains various polyphenolic compounds.

http://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/365_pdf.pdf

http://elinaherbs.com/our-products/herbal-powders/http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/A/Agrimony/Agrimony.htm

Beta-carotene

GAC (Momordica cochinchinensis)

Functions: It’s used to aid in the relief of dry eyes, as well as promote healthy vision. Lycopene has been reported to be associated with reduced risk of certain types of cancer, such as protate cancer, digestive-tract cancers and lung cancer.

Active Ingredients: High in lycopene and beta carotene content.

http://jocpr.com/vol3-iss4-2011/JCPR-2011-3-4-875-881.pdf

http://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/419_pdf.pdfhttp://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v28-1/14.pdf

Lycopene

http://www.zishanagro.com/?page_id=243

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Functions: The dragon fruit helps the digestive process, prevent colon cancer and diabetes, neutralize toxic substances such as heavy metal, reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure and consumed regularly the dragon fruit can help against asthma and cough. .

Active Ingredients: Betacyanin.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alison-teal/more-southeast-asian-food_b_5203211.html

http://agrifarming.in/dragon-fruit-cultivation

http://www.mn.uio.no/ibv/tjenester/kunnskap/plantefys/leksikon/b/betacya.html

http://thescipub.com/PDF/ajassp.2009.1341.1346.pdf

Bael (Thai name:Ma-toom, Aegle marmelos)

Functions: its medicinal properties include antidiabetic, antiulcer, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, radioprotective, antihyperlipidaemic, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Active Ingredients: Coumarins (Marmelosin, marmesin, imperatorin), alkaloids (Aeglin, aegelenine), Tannins (skimmianine), Carotenoids.

http://matoomherb.blogspot.com/

http://202.129.59.73/nana/frwater/bel.htmwww.greenpharmacy.info

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)

Functions: The rind of the fruit is used in diarrhea and dysentery. The antifungal, antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity are found.

Active Ingredients: The rind of the fruit contains tannin, xanthones as flavonoid called mangostin. α-mangostin is a major component.

http://www.dweckdata.co.uk/Published_papers/Garcinia_mangostana.pdf http://kapsulkulitmanggis.org/

Sand ginger (Thai name: Wan Proh Horm, Kaempferia galanga)

Functions: The rhizome and root tubers are used for curing bronchitis, asthma, malaria, skin disease, wounds and spleenic disorders.

Active Ingredients: Rhizome extract contain n-pentadecane, ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, Delta-3 carene, camphene, berneol, cineol, p- methoxy styrene, kaempferol, kaempferide.

http://scihub.org/AJBMS/PDF/2012/1/AJBMS-2-1-1-5.pdf

http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-full-text-pdf/57FEB2B30190

Kaempferide Ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate

http://instagram.kapook.com/star/media/743084380512883524_24406827

http://asiaherbs4u.blogspot.com/2014/10/cekur-kaempferia-galanga.html

White Kwao Krua (Pueraria mirifica)

Functions: Most commercial products containing pueraria are available as rejuvenating, antiaging, or skin-lightening creams or gels, as beauty soaps, or as capsules or tablets for increasing appetite, enlarging breasts, modulating hair growth or regrowth, and other rejuvenating purposes.

Active Ingredients: Pueraria mirifica contains various phytoestrogens including (deoxymiroestrol, daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein, coumestrol, kwakhurin, and mirificine),[4] β-sitosterol,stigmasterol, campesterol, mirificoumestan.[

citation needed] There is contradictory evidence for the presence of miroestrol.http://www.puerariamirificabuteasuperba.com/

http://www.herb-plants.net/pueraria.htmlhttp://www.drugs.com/npp/pueraria.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueraria_mirifica

Miroestrol Genistin

Red Kwao Krua (Butea superba)

Functions: It is abundantly distributed in the Thai deciduous forest and has been popular among Thai males for its supposed effects on rejuvenation and sexual vigor.

Active Ingredients: Pterocarpans and Isoflavonoids

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_superba

http://www.thaiherbalexpert.com/detail_herb.php?h_id=19

http://marmooyherb.blogspot.com/2014_02_01_archive.html

http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87/

http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87/

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/mb/c3mb70083f#!divAbstract

Waan Chak Modluk (Curcuma comosa)

Functions: This medicinal plant is used for its anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of postpartum uterine bleeding and uterine inflammation. It was showed a potent choleretic effect, nematocidal activity.

Active Ingredients: trans-1,7-diphenylhepten-5-ol, trans, trans-1,7- diphenylheptadien-5-ol, trans, trans-1,7-diphenylheptadien-5-one, trans-1,7-diphenyl-1,3- heptadien-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-heptane, xanthorrhizol, germacrone, curzerenone, alpha-curcumene, arturmerone, beta-atlantone, 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-heptene.

http://www.sc.mahidol.ac.th/scbc/bc_internet/publication/930.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuma_comosa

http://sundoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/diss-online/06/06H045/prom.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23556205_Structures_of_New_Sesquiterpenes_from_Curcuma_comosa

http://pcog2.pharmacy.psu.ac.th/thi/Article/2546/09-46/curcumab.pdf http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/0900613/

http://zambiaflora.com/speciesdata/image-display.php?species_id=137920&image_id=4

Devil's Backbone (Thai name:Petch sang kart, Cissus quadrangularis)Functions: Powder is administered in treatment of hemorrhoids and certain bowl infections. The juice of stem is useful in scurvy and in irregular menstruation whereas the stem paste boiled in lime water is given in asthma. It is also used as a powerful stomachic. It has potent fracture healing property and antimicrobial, antiulcer, antioxidative, antiosteoporotic, gastroprotective, cholinergic activity as well as beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases.

Active Ingredients: flavanoids, triterpenoids, Vitamin C, stilbene derivatives, resveratrol, piceatannol, pallidol perthenocissin and phytosterols. In addition, ascorbic acid, triterpene, β-sitosterol, ketosteroid, two asymmetrical tetracyclic triterpenoids and calcium were identified as major constituents

http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/health-benefits-of-cissus-quadrangularis/

http://sphinxsai.com/s_v2_n2/PT_V.2No.2/phamtech_vol2no.2_pdf/PT=51%20_1298-1310_.pdf

Henna Leaf (Thai name:Teinking, Henna inermis)

Functions: Henna leaf has an orange-red dye and leaf paste or powder is widely used for decorating hands, nails and feet with patterns. It is also used as a hair dye. It is used for alleviating jaundice, skin diseases.

Active Ingredients: 2-Hydroxy-1, 4-napthoquinone (Lawsone) is the principle natural dye contained at 1.0-1 .4 % in the leaves of Henna. 1, 4dihydroxynaphthalene. 1,4- naphthoquinone. 1,2-dihydroxy-glucoyloxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxy-1,4-diglucosyloxynaphthalene. Flavonoids (luteolins, apigenin, and their glycosides). Coumarins (esculetin, fraxetin, scopletin). Steroids (β- sitosterol)

http://ijpsdr.com/pdf/vol2-issue2/2.pdf

http://www.ijplsjournal.com/issues%20PDF%20files/jan2011/10.pdf

http://agkc.lib.ku.ac.th/plantwebsite/webpage/Shrubs/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%873.htm

Cassod tree (Thai name:Khi-lek, Senna siamea)

Functions: It has recently been shown to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, antidiabetic, anticancer, hypotensive, diuretic, antioxidant, laxative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative activities.

Active Ingredients: Chromone (anhydrobarakol), Chromone alkaloids (barakol, cassiarin A-B), anthraquinones (chrysophanol, emodin), bianthraquinones (cassiamin A-B), flavonoids and phenolics compounds are the main constituents which are reported in this plant. Barakol was identified as the major constituents.

http://www.phytopharmajournal.com/Vol3_Issue1_09.pdf

Barakol Cassiarin A

http://www.xn--12cg1cxchd0a2gzc1c5d5a.net/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81/

http://www.the-than.com/samonpai/P/12.html

Holy basil(Thai name: Ka prao, Ocimum sanctum)Functions: Traditional medicine for treatment of bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic fever, insect bite etc. The chemopreventive and radiopreventive property of O. sanctum along with its anti- oxidant, anti- inflammatory and anti- stress property

Active Ingredients: Phytochemical constituents such as eugenol, orientin, vicenin- 2, linolenic acid and ursolic acid.

http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/790_pdf.pdf

http://www.ijpbs.net/cms/php/upload/2159_pdf.pdf

Orientin

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orientin.svg

Eugenol

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenol_acsv.svg

Vicenin-2

http://group.wunjun.com/baanhong/topic/515162-5119

Durian Ted (Annona muricata)

Functions: The leaves are lanceolate with glossy and dark green in color had been traditionally used to treat headaches, hypertension, cough, asthma and used as antispasmodic, sedative and nervine for heart condition.

Active Ingredients: annomuricin A, B, C and E, muricoreacin, murihexocins A, B and C, annohexocin, muricapentocin, muricatocin A, B and C etc.

http://apocpcontrol.com/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume13_No6/2533-39%203.22%20Sulaiman%20Hamizah.pdf

http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol4Issue2/3297.pdf

http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/7/15625/htm

http://www.manager.co.th/QOL/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000031759

http://herbsbotany.blogspot.com/2015/01/blog-post_10.html

Rang Jeud Leaf (Thunbergia laurifolia)

Functions: Leaves are used as an antipyretic, as well as an antidote for detoxifying poisons. The tea has been claimed to be able to detoxify the harmful effects of drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.

Active Ingredients: The aerial part of T. laurifolia is isolated into 2 iridoid glucosides, including 8-epi-grandiforic acid (4) and 3 -O-′ β- glucopyranosyl stibericoside (5), with 7 known glucosides compounds; benzyl β-glucopyranoside containing benzyl β-2 -′ O-β-glucopyranosyl, glucopyranoside, grandifloric acid (3), E-2-hexenyly-β-glucopyeanosdie, hexanol-β- glucopyranoside, 6-C-glucopyranosyl apigenin and 6,8- di-C-glucopyranosyl-apigenin, casmosiin and chorogenic acids.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunbergia_laurifolia

http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380706104_Palipoch%20et%20al.pdf

http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/shoyaku/member/yamasaki/Pub/IridoidThunb.pdf

http://acnedefend.blogspot.com/2013/08/rangjeard-herb-for-acne.html

http://health.kapook.com/view96875.html

Ya nang Leaf (Tilliacora triandra)

Functions: It has been used as anti-pyretic, detoxication agent, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antibacterial, and immune modulator. In addition, it also possesses antioxidant activity.

Active Ingredients: ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid and oxoanolobine is the major constituent.

http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/22%20(04)%202015/(23).pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202422/pdf/AJT1103-0076.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/918426

Oxoanolobine

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289317311

Ferulic acid p-Coumaric acid

http://www.banhealthy.com/

Noni (Thai name:Yor Baan, Morinda citrifolia)

Active Ingredients: M. citrifolia fruit contains a number of phytochemicals, including lignans, oligo- and polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoids, fatty acids,scopoletin, catechin, xeronine, scopoletin, damnacanthal, beta-sitosterol, damnacanthal, and alkaloids.

Functions: Potential indications for noni juice include high blood pressure, menstrual cramps, hypertension, gastric ulcers, sprains, injuries, mental depression, atherosclerosis, blood vessel problems, drug addiction, relief of pain.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morinda_citrifolia

http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JDE/article-full-text-pdf/4AD8D561213http://www.renevanmaarsseveen.nl/wp-content/uploads/overig/noni/Recent_advances%20in%20Noni%20research.pdf

ScopoletinDamnacanthal

Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens)

Functions: M. pruriens contains L-DOPA, a precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine and formulations of the seed powder. This is used as CNC stimulant like coffee bean. It has several functions like to treat perkinson’s disease, worms, diuretic, aphrodisiac, nerve tonic. Sometimes, it has antidepressant activity

Active Ingredients: The most important of these bioactive compounds of plants are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds

http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/natural-health/mucuna-pruriens-and-brain-health/

http://mystic-vision.net/necessary-details-in-mucuna-pruriens-reviews-considered.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuna_pruriens

http://www.phytojournal.com/vol2Issue1/Issue_may_2013/43.pdf

L-DOPA Glutathione

Longan (Euphoria longana)Functions: Fruit seeds are known to contain many phenolic compounds capable of protecting them from oxidative damage and defending them against yeast, fungi and bacteria that might inhibit their germination.

Active Ingredients: Gallic acid, Ellagic acid and Flavonoids.

http://th.aliexpress.com/popular/longan-tree.html

http://www.oknation.net/blog/horti-asia/2013/01/28/entry-3

http://www.oiirj.org/ijmsb/nov2013/02.pdf http://wildflowerfinder.org.uk/Flowers/B/Burnet(Salad)/Burnet(Salad).htm

http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Gallic+Acid&lang=1

http://www.meekhao.com/foods/sesame

Sesame (Thai name:NGA, Sesamum indicum)

http://www.meekhao.com/foods/sesame

Functions: Sesame oil exhibits multiple physiological functions such as decreasing plasma triacylglycerol and arachidonic acid levels, imparting anti-inflammatory and estrogenic activities. Sesame seed oil shows an exceptionally high oxidative stability compared to soybean, corn and most other popular vegetable oils.

http://www.pgia.ac.lk/files/Annual_congress/journel/v24_3/Poster/10-_53_%20-Dilini%20Bopitiya-1-New.pdf

Active Ingredients: Sesame seeds contain the lignans, sesamolin, sesamin, pinoresinol and lariciresinol. Decorticated sesame seeds have the following composition: 45-63% oil. The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic (up to 38.84%) and linoleic (up to 46.26%).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame

http://www.agr.unizg.hr/smotra/pdf_75/acs75_23.pdf

http://maxwellsci.com/print/ajfst/6-11.pdf

http://file.scirp.org/Html/10-2200467_26165.htm http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/science/1.661226

Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia )

Functions: The fruit of M. charantia is commonly known as the bitter melon or the bitter gourd because of its bitter taste. The fruit is oblong and resembles a cucumber. The fruit is emerald green when young and turns to orange-yellow upon ripening. Bitter Melon is one of the most popular cooked vegetables in many Asian countries. Its experimental use in mice has indicated improvement in glucose tolerance against Type II diabetes and reduction in blood cholesterol.

Active Ingredients: Charantin (-sitosteryl glucoside and 5,25-stigmasteryl glucoside)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charantin

www.rakbankerd.comhttp://www.phytojournal.com/vol3Issue6/Issue_march_2015/3-6-48.1.pdf

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