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ACKERMAN & PROFFIT CLASSIFICATION OF
MALOCCLUSION
DR. ALI WAQAR HASANFCPS-II TRAINEE ORTHODONTICS
UCMD LAHORE
SUPERVISED BY : DR. SAAD ASADASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ORTHODONTICS
UCMD LAHORE
INTRODUCTIONAckerman and Profitt
presented their system in 1960
It was proposed to overcome the drawbacks of Angle’s classification
This system includes Angle’s classification & five characteristics of malocclusion within a Venn diagram
SALIENT FEATURESTransverse and vertical
discrepancies can be considered in addition to antero-posterior malrelations
Crowding and Arch asymmetry can be evaluated
Incisor protrusion is taken into account
DENTOFACIAL APPEARANCEPROFILE : concave, straight,
convex
LIPS : protrusive, normal, retrusive
INCISOR DISPLAY : Excessive, normal, Inadequate
TEETH / ARCH FORMInvolves assessment of alignment and
symmetry of dental arch
Classified as IDEAL / CROWDED / SPACED
TRANSVERSEThe transverse skeletal and
dental relationship is evaluated
Buccal and palatal crossbites are noted
CROSS BITE : unilateral / bilateral
Skeletal or Dental cross bite ?
SAGITTAL (A-P)Involves assessment
of sagittal relationship
Angle’s Class- I / II / III
Differention between skeletal and dental malocclusion
VERTICALMalocclusions in vertical
plane are noted
Anterior or posterior open bite
Anterior deep bite
Posterior collapsed bite
Skeletal / Dental ??
ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Two things particularly help this more thorough analysis:
Esthetic line of occlusion.Rotational axes.
ESTHETIC LINE OF OCCLUSIONIn modern analysis,
another curved line characterizing the appearance of the dentition is important
Esthetic line of occlusion, follows the facial edges of the maxillary anterior and posterior teeth.
ROTATIONAL AXESIn addition to relationship in the transverse, antero-
posterior and vertical planes of space used in traditional 3-D analysis, rotations around axes perpendicular to three planes also must be evaluated
It’s a useful way to evaluate the relationship of the teeth to the soft tissues that frame their display
PitchRollYaw
PITCH The vertical relationship of the teeth to the lips
& cheeks can be conventionally described as up-down deviations around the antero-posterior axes.
Evaluated clinically & from cephalometric radiographs.
ROLL Roll describes the vertical position of the teeth
when this is different on the right & left sides. Viewed as up-down deviations around the
transverse axes. It’s seen with lips relaxed and more clearly on
smile, in both frontal and oblique views.
YAW Rotation of the jaw or dentition to one side or
the other, around a vertical axes, produces a skeletal or dental midline discrepancy.
Viewed as left-right deviations around the vertical axis.
METHOD OF SCORINGNORM
Alignment
Profile
Transverse
Anteroposterior
Vertical
SCORE
0-1-2-3-4-5
0-1-2-3-4-5
0-1-2-3-4-5
0-1-2-3-4-5
0-1-2-3-4-5
0- Ideal1- Slight 2- Slight to Moderate3- Moderate4- Moderate to Severe5- Severe
MERITS
• Explained complexities of malocclusion
• All 3-Dimensional problems included
• Patient profile included• Differention between
skeletal and dental problems
• Arch length problems are evaluated
• Helps in complete diagnosis and treatment planning
DEMERITS
• Etiological considerations are not given
• Based on static occlusion only