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Akumengwa Neba NMPH student
University of BueaHS12A001
1
LAND APPLICATION (MANURE)
Outline
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Application Rates
Spreading Considerations
Timing Considerations
Odour Management
Why apply manure on land?
3
Method of recycling a natural,
organic byproduct.
Fertilizer for crop production in
sustainable agriculture
. Decrease costs of crop
production.
What happens when manure is not properly managed?
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Damage to crops.
Risk of pollution.
Little benefit from fertilizer property.
Much of a good thing becomes a
problems
Value of manure to the soil..
5
Apart from nutrient to plants,
Improve soil tilth
Structure
Aeration and water holding properties
Maximize manure nutrient utilization by crops i
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sufficient land base for manure spreading
Test soil and manure for nutrient levels
Determine release rates for nutrients in
manure
Calculate crop nutrient demands
Prevent loss of nutrients through surface
runoff
Maximize manure nutrient utilization by crops ii
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Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere
Minimize soil compaction and problems with
soil structure
Prevent leaching of nitrates into groundwater
Prevent waterways pollution by manure runoff.
Minimize odours during spreading.
Application Rates i
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Determine by overall nutrient management
plan
don’t try to provide all nutrients for a crop with
manure
o may not release nutrients at the right
balance and time.
o inadequate composition to meet crop
nutrients
Application Rates ii
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Test the macro-nutrient content of manure. (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium)
Test the soil to determine nutrient levels
Know the nutrient needs of the crop being grown
Provide 75% of the required nitrogen with manure
25% will be provided by provided
by fertilizer
Application Rates iii
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While the nitrogen requirement determines the
amount of manure to apply,
Applying manure every year. may lead to
excessive levels of phosphorus and other
elements
Long-term benefits increase if manure is spread
over larger areas.
( The need for adequate land)
Application Rates iv
11
Unless both soil and manure tests proves
no risk of reaching excessive nutrient levels
The ability of soil to soak up liquid
determines the rate of liquid manure
application
Tillage before application may help if high
rates are planned.
Spreading Considerations i
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• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible
after spreading to
minimize odour
pollution from runoff
maximum fertilizer benefits
• 24 hours is recommended for surface
applied manure be
incorporated with soil after application.
Spreading Considerations ii
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liquid manure injected directly into soils is
recommended and best done
before preparing the seed bed
during the cropping season.
Nutrients are readily available to growing
plants.
Don’t apply manure under wet soil condition in
order to avoid soil compaction
Spreading Considerations iii
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Prevent manure from getting into any
watercourse.
Don’t spread manure within,
30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on
slopes less than 5%
60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on
slopes greater than 5%
Timing Considerations
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Best to apply manure before, or early in, the growth stage of any crop
forms of nitrogen are available immediately to plants
nutrients in organic form may be released throughout the growing season
• If manure is spread late in the growing period or after the growing season
reduced benefit to the crop increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater
or surface runoff contaminating watercourses
Odour management i
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• Manure spreading causes nuisance odour
• The following management practices minimizes the possibility of complaints
clean and well maintained transport equipment will ensure that manure is not deposited on public roads.
do not overload equipment. if a spill occurs, clean the road
promptly.:
Odour management ii
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avoid transporting manure on public roads during
ohigh traffic such as rush hoursobefore and after work, o during lunch breakcheck the weather conditions before
spreading.best weather for spreadingo sunny days with windy, cloudy
nights.
Odour management iii
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• Rain removes odours from the air• Worst conditions are, damp, humid weather with light winds• Spread in the morning when air is warming and rising, rather than late in the afternoon• Consider the implications of spreading on holidays and weekends when neighbours are most likely to be affected by odours
Odour management iv
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Notifying neighbours prior to spreading on adjacent properties is a “good neighbour” policy
The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading are the worst period for odours.
Odours could last up to 10 days, with very heavy application rates
Spread and till with soil method or injecting into soil reduce the release of odours
Odour management v
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With injection, odours are less detectable
at 70 meters
(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300
ft) from surface
applied manure
• To prevent fly propagation.
apply composted manure to pastures and
hay fields
apply manure in a very thin layer so that
it will dry in five days or less.
Odour management vi
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Keep the discharge height of the slurry as low as possible to reduce odours during land application.
• Choose discharge methods that are most effective for odour control.
Dribble bars or booms- Bottom discharge tanker- Top discharge tanker
Bibliography..
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Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Best Management Practices. Livestock and poultry waste management. Toronto: OMAF:1994.
THANKS FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION
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