First Aid

Basic First AidBasic First Aid

Securing the Securing the SceneScene

Electrical hazards Chemical hazards Noxious & Toxic gases Ground hazards Fire Unstable equipment

Before performing any First Before performing any First Aid, Aid,

Check for:Check for:

Universal Precautions for Universal Precautions for Airborne Airborne

& Bloodborn Pathogens& Bloodborn Pathogens

HIV & Hepatitis

Tuberculosis

Gloves & Respiratory Barrier devise are a must to prevent transmission of diseases

Fundamentals of First AidFundamentals of First Aid

1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)

2. Control bleeding3. Treat for Shock (medical emergencies)4. Open wounds & Burns5. Fractures & Dislocations6. Transportation

Activate EMS SystemActivate EMS System

“Call Out or 911”

Cardio Pulmonary Cardio Pulmonary ResuscitationResuscitation

Control of BleedingControl of Bleeding

DirectPressure

Elevation

Cold Applications

Pressure bandage

Sources for ConsiderationSources for Consideration

Veins

Capillary

SpurtinSpurtingg

Steady flowSteady flow

OozingOozing

Artery

Internal Injuries

Pressure PointsPressure Points

Where the arterypasses over a bone close to the skin

Temporal

Facial

Carotid

Sub-clavian

Brachial

Radial

Ulnar

Femoral

Popliteal

Pedal

TourniquetTourniquet

AbsoluteAbsolute last resort last resort in controlling in controlling bleeding. Rememberbleeding. Remember

Life over limbLife over limb

Once a Once a tourniquet is tourniquet is applied, it is not applied, it is not to be removed , to be removed , only by a doctoronly by a doctor

ShockShock

Shock affects all Shock affects all major functions of major functions of the bodythe body

loss of blood flow to loss of blood flow to the tissues and the tissues and organsorgans

Shock must be Shock must be treated in all treated in all accident casesaccident cases

Treatment for ShockTreatment for Shock

Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible

-Face is pale-raise the tail-Face is pale-raise the tail

-Face is red-raise the head-Face is red-raise the head

Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing

Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry

Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth

Transport!Transport!

Thermal burnsThermal burnsCold application

Remove constricting clothing

Dry sterile dressing

Treat for shock

TRANSPORT!

Severe BurnsSevere Burns

Send for medical attention.

Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20minutes.

Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact.

Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.

Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmedicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.

Severe BurnsSevere Burns

Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.

Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.

Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.

Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.

If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,

If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position.

Treat for shock.

Fractures & DislocationsFractures & Dislocations

Must treat for bleeding first

Do not push bones back into place

Don’t align a break - Unless equipped and trained - treat as found

SplintsSplints

Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of deformity

Be careful of temperature or elevation change

Neck & Spinal InjuriesNeck & Spinal InjuriesCARE AND TREATMENT

ABC's

extreme care in initial examination — minimal movement

urgent ambulance transport

apply cervical collar or support

treat for shock

treat any other injuries

maintain body heat

if movement required, 'log roll' and use assistants

always maintain head alignment with the spine

Lifting Lifting TechniquesTechniques

Two person carryTwo person carry

Lift & roll or log rollLift & roll or log roll

4 person straddle4 person straddle

Questions/Comments?Questions/Comments?