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DIABETES
BY:SARANYA
CONTENTS▪ INTRODUCTION▪DIABETES▪ TYPES OF DIABETES▪SYMPTOMS▪CAUSES▪PREVENTION▪ FACTS▪CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION▪Diabetes can strike anyone, from any
walk of life.▪Worldwide, it afflicts more than 380 million people. Today, diabetes takes
more lives than AIDS and breast cancer combined. It is a leading cause
of blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart failure and
stroke. Living with diabetes places an enormous emotional, physical and
financial burden on the entire family. ▪Diabetes is a long-term condition that
causes high blood sugar.
CONTINUATION▪When you eat, your body turns food into sugars, or glucose. At
that point, your pancreas is supposed to release insulin.
▪Insulin serves as a “key” to open your cells, to allow the glucose to
enter and allow you to use the glucose for energy.
▪But with diabetes, this system does not work.
BUT WHAT EXACTLY IS DIABETES??
?
DIABETES▪WELL, Diabetes, often referred to by
doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic
diseases in which the person has high blood sugar.
▪Either because insulin production is scarce, or because the body's cells
do not respond properly to insulin, or both.
▪Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience frequent urination, they will become
increasingly thirsty and hungry.
TYPES OF DIABETES▪ There are two types of diabetes:Type 1 and
Type 2.▪ Type 1 diabetes ,accounts for 5 to 10 out of 100
people who have diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. Without
insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar ,which they need to produce energy.
▪ Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age. It most commonly becomes apparent during adulthood. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority
of people who have diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body isn't able to use insulin the right way. This is called insulin resistance. As type 2 diabetes gets worse, the pancreas may
make less and less insulin. This is called insulin deficiency.
HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
SYMPTOMS▪ A condition known as prediabetes that often leads
to type 2 diabetes also produces no symptoms. Type 2 diabetes and its symptoms develop slowly.
▪ Type 1 diabetes can go unnoticed but is less likely to do so. The most common symptoms are related
to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), especially the classic symptoms of diabetes:
frequent urination and thirst. Fatigue related to dehydration and eating problems can also be
related to high blood sugars.
CAUSES▪Other Genetic Diseases.
▪Diabetes occurs in people with Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome at
higher rates than the general population.
▪Damage to or Removal of the Pancreas.▪Pancreatitis, cancer, and trauma can all harm the pancreatic beta cells or impair insulin production, thus causing diabetes. If the damaged pancreas is removed, diabetes will occur due to the loss of the
beta cells.
▪Lipodystrophy▪ Lipodystrophy is a condition in which fat tissue is
lost or redistributed in the body. The condition is associated with insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes.
CONTINUATION
▪Frequent urination▪Disproportionate thirst▪Weight gain▪Intense hunger▪Unusual weight loss▪Blurred vision▪Itchy skin
PREVENTION▪Type 1 diabetes can't be
prevented. However, the same healthy lifestyle choices that help treat prediabetes, type 2
diabetes and gestational diabetes can also help prevent
them:▪Eat healthy foods.
▪Get more physical activities.▪Lose excess pounds.
▪Sleep properly.
DIABETES PREVENTION LOGO
FACTS
▪About one third of all people with diabetes do not know they have the
disease.▪Type 2 diabetes often does not have
any symptoms.▪Only about five percent of all people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.
▪If you are at risk, type 2 diabetes can be prevented with moderate weight
loss (10–15 pounds) and 30 minutes of moderate physical activity (such as
brisk walking) each day.▪A meal plan for a person with diabetes
isn’t very different than that which is recommended for people without
diabetes.
▪Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults.
▪People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart disease than someone
without diabetes.▪Good control of diabetes significantly
reduces the risk of developing complications and prevents
complications from getting worse.▪Bariatric surgery can reduce the
symptoms of diabetes in obese people.▪Diabetes costs $174 billion annually, including $116 billion in direct medical
expenses.
CONCLUSION▪Diabetes is a slow killer with no known curable
treatments. However, its complications can be reduced through proper awareness and timely
treatment. ▪ Three major complications are related to
blindness, kidney damage and heart attack. It is important to keep the blood glucose levels of
patients under strict control for avoiding the complications.
▪One of the difficulties with tight control of glucose levels in the blood is that such
attempts may lead to hypoglycemia that creates much severe complications than an
increased level of blood glucose.▪Researchers now look for alternative methods
for diabetes treatment.