Basic First AidMarch 7, 2015 – Binus Square

HENDRY HARTONO SE., MM&

TEAM KSR UNIKA ATMA JAYA JAKARTA

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Basic First Aidfor Students @ Binus Square – March 7, 2015

AGENDA:1.Why you should learn first aid?2.What is Basic First Aid?3.What is the aim of First Aid?4.The Don’s & Don’t for First Aid Treatments5.First Aid Kit6.Action Plan7.Practical Session

1. Gain the knowledge, skills and confidence to act in an emergency2. Be a resource for your community: we all know about the high risk emergency

events we’re exposed to. Whether it be your immediate family, people in your street or the broader community, having more people with first aid skills helps build a stronger and more resilient community

3. Stay up to date with correct treatments: Over time first aid treatments change and our memories fade so keeping up to date with your first aid certificates and refreshing your skills is vital

4. Stay safe at work: Illness and injury can happen anywhere, anytime. With first aid knowledge you can be create a safe work environment and help meet your workplace’s safety requirements

5. Anyone can learn first aid: no matter what your background or skill level you can learn first aid.

6. You could be the different between life and death.

Why you should learn first aid?

• The initial process of assessing and addressing the needs of someone who is experiencing medical emergencies.

• Allows a “non-medical expert” to quickly determine a person’s physical condition and the correct course of treatment.

• Can make a difference to a person’s recovery and could save their life.

What is The Basic First Aid?

Learn these 3 ‘P’s:

Preserve lifePrevent further injuryPromote recovery

What is The Aim of First Aid?

The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

GENERAL - UNCONSCIOUSNESS

GENERAL - UNCONSCIOUSNESSDiagnosisGeneral • Don’t give the patient

anything to eat or drink• Don’t allow the person

who has just fainted to get up until the victim is fully conscious

• If the area is warm, don’t crowd around the victim

Examine the injuries and causes of unconsciousness

• Pinch the person and see if she moves or opens her eyes

• Tilt head back and keep arms at right angle to body

• Raise the legs 8 – 12 inches. This promotes blood flow to the brain.

• Loosen any tight clothing• Keep the victim warm if

it is cold outside• Keep a record of the

casualty’s condition.

NOSE BLEED

NOSE BLEEDDiagnosisNosebleed •Do not lean back.

•Learning back can be harmful as the blood could get into the windpipe, blocking the airway.

•Sit in a comfortable upright position and lean forward slightly.

•Then pinch your nose just below the bony bridge and above the fleshy lobes of the nostrils until the bleeding is stemmed.

Aftercare: Once the bleeding is controlled, do not blow your nose as this might dislodge the clot and make you bleed again.

NOSE BLEED

HEART ATTACK

Heart attack is one of the leading causes of death in many parts of the world.

HEART ATTACKDiagnosisHeart Attack •Even if you are not

sure about the symptoms, if you suspect a heart attack at all, do not wait.

•Call an ambulance immediately

•Sit the person down and try to keep them calm and conscious. •If the person is conscious, give them a 300mg tablet of aspirin to chew.Alert! The main risk is that the heart will stop beating. Be prepared to resuscitate if necessary.Early warning signs:•Pressure in center of chest•Pain in shoulders, neck or arms•Chest discomfort with fainting, sweating or nausea.

BURNS

BURNS

Do you how many degree of burns are there?

BURNS

Guess what degree of burn has the person suffered?

BURNSDiagnosisBurns •Never put ice on the

burn, as it’ll delay healing or cause extra damage (think frostbite). •Also, leave the butter in the kitchen, unless you want to make it worse.•Do not break blisters and attempt to remove the skin, as it can cause infection

.

1st Degree burn• Put the burned part in cold

water.2nd Degree Burn• Put the burned part in cold

water.• Put cold, wet dressing on

burn. Cover the burn with a loose bandage (or clean washed cotton sheet for a larger area) and go to the doctor.

3rd Degree Burn• Leave burned clothes on the

skin• If face is burned, keep victim

sitting up• Keep airway open, tilt head

back• Evaluate burned arms, legs,

hands. Keep burn higher than heart.• Call for an ambulance

BURNSDiagnosisBurns •Immediately help a

victim who suffered from electrical burn without looking out if the victim still be in contact with it.

Chemical Burn• Remove the chemical causing

burn by washing the skin under cool running water for at least 20 minutes.• Remove all clothing or

jewellery that may be contaminated by the chemical.• After washing, apply a cool,

wet cloth on the burn to relieve pain• Over this, loosely wrap a dry

sterile dressing or clean cloth.Electrical Burn• Call for an ambulance

immediately• Look out if there is any

contact with the electrical source• ●Turn off the electrical source

or try to move it by using a non –conducting object• ●Prevent shock by lying the

child down and raising the legs with an object, eg: Pillow.

CHOKING

CHOKINGDiagnosis

Choking

ASK! Are you choking?If the victim able to talk, groan, wheeze or cough, he is partially choked.

• Slap the victim back’s hard.

• Using your fingers to force out the item out of the victim’s mouth.

• Remain calm and encourage the victim to keep coughing to try and clear the blockage.

• Stand slightly behind the person to one side.

• Support their chest with one hand. Lean the person forward so that the object blocking the airway will come out of their mouth, rather than going further down.

• Give at least 5 sharp blows between the person’s shoulder blades with the heel on your hand.

Stop after each blows to check if the blockage has cleared. If not, give up to five abdominal thrusts.

CHOKING

CHOKINGDiagnosis

Choking

Complete blockage

If the victim unable to make any sound at all.

• Using your fingers to force out the item out of the victim’s mouth.

Steps in Abdominal thrusts1.Stand behind the person who is choking.2.Place your arms around the waist and bend them well forward.3.Clench your fist and place it right and place it right above the person’s navel (belly button)4.Place your other hand on top, thrust both hands backwards into their stomach with a hard, upward movement.

Do it five times (1 cycle), stop each cycle to check if the blockage has been cleared.

Alert! •Do not thrusts on pregnant and on a very large sized adult.

FIRST AID KIT

FIRST AID KIT Following are the contents of a First Aid Kit :1.Cotton wool2.Adhesive tape3.Crepe bandage4.Sterile Dressing5.Bandage6.Thermometer7.Scissors8.Glove9. Soap10.Pain reliever

ACTION PLAN

ACTION PLANThis Action Plan is a vital aid to the first aider in assessing whether the victim has any life-threatening conditions and if any immediate first aid is necessary. They are DRABC .

D - Check for DANGER1. To you2. To others3. To victim

R - Check RESPONSE1. Is victim conscious?2. Is victim unconscious?

ACTION PLANA - Check AIRWAY1. Is airway clear of objects?2. Is airway open?

B - Check for BREATHING1. Is chest rising and falling?2. Can you hear victim's breathing?3. Can you feel the breath on your cheek? C - Check for CIRCULATION• Can you feel a pulse?• Can you see any obvious signs of life?

UNRESPONSIVE AND BREATHING

ACTION PLAN

ACTION PLAN

Assess Patient 1.Pause and assess scene. Scene is safe! 2.Tap or squeeze shoulder. Ask loudly, “Are you okay?” No response! 3.Have someone alert EMS 4.Look quickly at face and chest for normal breathing. Occasional gasps are NOT considered normal. Normal breathing present!

Note: EMS = Emergency Medical Services

ACTION PLAN

Prepare 1.Extend arm nearest to you up alongside head. 2.Bring far arm across chest and place back of hand against cheek. 3.Grasp far leg just above knee and pull it up so foot is flat on ground.

ACTION PLAN

Roll 1.Grasp shoulder and hip and roll patient toward you. Roll in a single motion, keeping head, shoulders, and torso from twisting. 2.Roll far enough for face to be angled forward. 3.Position elbow and knee to help stabilize head and body.

ACTION PLAN

Suspected Injury 1.If person has been seriously injured, do not move unless fluids are collecting in airway, or you are alone and need to leave to get help. 2.During roll, make sure head ends up resting on extended arm and head, neck, and torso are inline.

CONTROL OF BLEEDING

ACTION PLAN

Apply Direct Pressure 1.Quickly expose and inspect wound. 2.Using a clean, absorbent pad, apply direct pressure with flats of fingers directly on point of bleeding. 3.If a pad is not available, apply direct pressure with just your gloved hand.

ACTION PLAN

Apply Pressure Bandage 1.Wrap a roller gauze or elastic bandage around limb and over injury to provide continuous pressure to wound. 2.Include enough pressure to control bleeding. 3.Avoid wrapping so tight that skin beyond bandage becomes cool to touch, bluish, or numb. Make sure a finger can be slipped under bandage once applied.

ACTION PLAN

If Bleeding Continues... 1.If blood soaks through the pad, apply another pad, leaving the initial pad in place. 2.Apply more pressure with the palm of your hand.

ACTION PLAN

CARDIOPULMONARTY RESUCITATION

( CPR )- “Advance Training

Program”-

CPR for ADULT

1. Position person face up on flat, firm surface. Kneel close to chest. Place heel of one hand on center of chest.

2. I Place heel of second hand on top of first. You can inter- lace your fingers to help keep off chest.

CPR for ADULT

Position your shoulders directly above your hands. Lock your elbows and use upper body weight to push.

CPR for ADULT

1. Push hard, straight down at least 2 inches. Lift hands and allow chest to fully rebound.

2. Without interruption, push fast at a rate of at least 100 times per minute.

3. Keep up the force and speed of compressions.

CPR for Children1. Place heel of one hand on lower

half of breastbone, just above the point where the ribs meet.

2. Push hard, straight down at least 1⁄3 the diameter of the chest, or about 2 inches. Lift hand and allow chest to fully rebound.

3. Without interruption, push fast at a rate of at least 100 times per minute. Keep up the force and speed of compressions.

4. Compressions can be tiring. If desired, use two hands, as with adults.

CPR for Infant1. Place tips of two fingers on

the breastbone just below the nipple line.

2. Push hard, straight down at least 1⁄3 the diameter of the chest, or about 11⁄2 inches. Lift fingers and allow chest to fully rebound.

3. Without interruption, push fast at a rate of at least 100 times per minute. Keep up the force and speed of compressions.

THANK YOU