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https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
Getting VacSeen-ated: Linked Data for ImprovedVaccine Information Systems
Monika Solankihttps://w3id.org/people/msolanki
@nimonika
University of Oxford
Joint work withPartha S Bhattacharjee, Rahul Bhattacharyya, Isaac Ehrenberg,
Sanjay SarmaAuto ID Labs, MIT
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
MotivationThe expansion of vaccine programs globally...
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
Motivation...has accentuated challenges for governments...
Most developing countries are not equipped to efficiently store,track, and transport increased vaccine volumes
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
Motivation...and manufacturers
Lack of visibility and control over supply chainLimited ability for demand forecastingExposure to counterfeiting and diversion of productsLimited ability to cope with regulatory developments
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
Motivation...and manufacturers
Lack of visibility and control over supply chainLimited ability for demand forecastingExposure to counterfeiting and diversion of productsLimited ability to cope with regulatory developments
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
MotivationSeveral approaches are under development to address the vaccineaccess challenge
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
Motivation
ObservationsDespite improved information flow, issues aboutinteroperability and at-scale last mile tracking continue topersist.Several studies have reported the effectiveness of usingbarcodes in tracking vaccine consumption.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
MotivationOur research focuses on the Information Technology dimension
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
ContributionsDemonstrate the utility of VacSeen in authenticatingbarcode scans and generating attendant rich contextualinformation.Geolocate and classify the scans based on whether or notthey were recorded by authorized personnel usingauthenticated devices.Exploit multiple data sources: mobile applications, barcodedatabases, healthcare provider databases and LOD cloud.Two (mobile/Android) applications: generate biomedicalfactsheets about the vaccines, identifying nearest airport toa selected scan location.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Process flowMobile-based barcode scans on the field are retrospectively validatedusing a data lake formed from logistical and health informationsystems
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Knowledge representation
EEM*: The EPCIS Event ModelVaccine transaction events as abstractions for traceability.Focuses on a tight conformance with the EPCIS 1.1*standard and Simplicity.EEM has been mapped* to PROV-O*.
*http://purl.org/eem#*http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
*http://www.gs1.org/epcis*http://fispace.aston.ac.uk/ontologies/eem_prov.html
M. Solanki et al. EPCIS event-based traceability in pharmaceutical supplychains via automated generation of linked pedigrees. ISWC 2014
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Knowledge representationEEM modules
Temporaltime of occurrencetime of recordtimezone offset
BusinessActionDispositionBusiness stepTransaction
ProductEPCEPCClassAggregation IdentifiersInput/Output Quantity List
SpatialReadPoint LocationBusiness LocationSourceDestination
EPCIS EventObject EventAggregationEventTransactionEventTransformationEventQuantityEvent** Deprecated in EPCIS 1.1
Structure of EEM
Sensors
EPC Readers
GoodRelations,CollectionsDUL
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology
wgs84, vCard
DUL
CBVVocabPROV-O
EPCISExceptionHierarchy of EPCISException
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Knowledge representationVacSeen1*
The VacSeen1 ontology uses and extends EEM to model barcodescan, product, and personnel data
Extended with existing, well known ontologies to fullyaddress the needs of the project.Light-weight ontology with just enough formalization toenable detailed querying.Minimal rules to avoid issues pertaining to inferencing.
*http://www.violinet.org/vaccineontology/
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Knowledge representation
Important stepsGeneration of persistent URIsUsing ontology classes in RDB-RDF translation
Next stepsMaking URIs dereferenceableUsing classes from Vaccine Ontology and Vaccine AdverseEvent Ontology for new applications
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: RDB→RDF using D2RQ
While R2RML is the standard for RDB→RDF translation,D2RQ is used because of its similarity with RDF, extensivesupport, and compatibility with the former.Logically closer to RDF than RDB compared to R2RMLresulting in relatively less complex queries.Supports standards such as R2RML.Extensively used and well documented.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: RDB→RDF using D2RQ
Important stepsCustomization of mapping file using ontology terms.Enforcement of integrity constraints on data by specifyingintegrity constraints in the mapping file.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Data storage
Triplestore: GraphDB-Lite over Sesame
Graphical Interface for implementation by less technicalusers.Freely available.DL and rule-based reasoning support.Multiple options for storage, access, and querying.
Datasets loaded and used: vaccine data, healthcare systemdata, and barcode scan data.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Typical SPARQL queriesLatitude, Longitude, operatorID, deviceID of scan events where theGTIN scanned exists in the sc_data database, the operator ID existsin the scan_operator table, and the device ID exists in thescan_device table
Query using EEM & VacSeen1SELECT DISTINCT ?EPCISEvent ?GTIN ?operatorID ?deviceID ?latitude ?longitudeWHERE{
?EPCISEvent a eem:EPCISEvent.?EPCISEvent vacseen1:ScanID ?scanID.?EPCISEvent eem:EPCNumber ?GTIN.?s vacseen1:sc_data_GTIN ?GTIN.?EPCISEvent vacseen1:scan_event_operatorID ?operatorID.?scanOperator vacseen1:scan_operator_OperatorID ?operatorID.?EPCISEvent vacseen1:scan_event_deviceID ?deviceID.?scanDevice vacseen1:scan_device_DeviceID ?deviceID.?EPCISEvent vacseen1:LatitudeOfBarcodeScanEvent ?latitude.FILTER(?latitude > ’0.0’).?EPCISEvent vacseen1:LongitudeOfBarcodeScanEvent ?longitude.
}
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Typical SPARQL queries
Data about Rotavirus vaccine from DBpediaINSERT{?s ?p ?o}WHERE{SERVICE <http://dbpedia.org/sparql>{{
:Rotavirus_vaccine ?p ?o.BIND(:Rotavirus_vaccine AS ?s)
}UNION{?s ?p :Rotavirus_vaccine.BIND(:Rotavirus_vaccine AS ?o)
}}
}
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Data storageWhile it is easy to get started with Sesame and do routine operations,issues can arise when using plug-ins
ChallengesIssues with “jsonp callbacks” because of incompatibility of GraphDB-Lite with recent releases of Sesame.
Absence of access to SPARQL lifting because of aforementioned incompatibility
Absent GraphDB customer-support for non-paying users
ResolutionSesame mailing lists
Replacement of jar files as a temporary measure
Permanent solution through replacement of jsonp callback with CORS headers for cross-domain access
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Exploiting the LOD cloud
Two applications:
Creating biomedical factsheets about vaccines using Dbpedia.
Identifying nearest airports to every scan location for logisticalplanning.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Scan Authentication
Provides additional context for each barcode scan to get adeeper understanding about vaccine handling operations.
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems
https://w3id.org/vacseen SWAT4LS, 8th December 2015, Cambridge
VacSeen: Next steps
Future work will focus on developing more advanced LinkedData-based applications that leverage large scale and secure data
[email protected], @nimonika Linked Data for Improved Vaccine Information Systems