Unit 21Vitamins and

Minerals P2 & M1

Learning Objectives Identify the main vitamins

Describe the importance of each vitamin

Create a project that will promote children to eat vitamins

Compare and contrast vitamin requirements for individuals

Vitamins Write down on a piece of paper...what you think vitamins

do for the body?

Vitamins

2 in 8 people over the age of 65 are deficient in one or more vitamins. (Can this be simplified?) (Nhs choices, 2014)

40% of children under the age of 9 are deficient in one or more vitamins. (Nhs choices, 2014)(What percentage are not deficient?)

65% of teenagers do not eat the daily recommended intake of nutrients per day. (Nhs choices, 2015)

What is this as a decimal?

Statistics

Activity- 6 minutes

To make a poster or a leaflet on one of the vitamins. Group 1- AGroup 1- EGroup 1- KGroup 1- D

● What foods are high in that vitamin?● What are the benefits of that vitamin? ● 1 other fact

Vitamin A

Vitamin A has several important functions.These include:

● helping your immune system to work as it should against infections

● helping vision in dim light

● keeping skin and the linings of some parts of the body, such as the nose, healthy

(NHS, 2010)

Vitamin A

How much vitamin A do I need?The amount of vitamin A adults need is:

● 0.7mg a day for men

● 0.6mg a day for women

(NHS, 2010)

If you are pregnant or thinking of having a baby:

● do not take supplements containing vitamin A, including fish liver oil, unless advised to by your GP

● do not eat liver or liver products, such as pâté, because these are very

Vitamin d What is the function of

Vitamin D?

● Vitamin D helps to regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body.

● Keep bones, teeth and muscles healthy.

(NHS, 2010)

Where can you find Vitamin D?● Sun

● oily fish – such as salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel

● red meat

● liver

● egg yolks

● fortified foods such as most fat spreads and some breakfast cereals

(NHS, 2010)

Too many elderly

suffering from

Vitamin D

deficiency!!

Chronically ill elderly patients who are

homebound or confined to nursing homes appear to be at great risk for vitamin D

deficiencies. (Health News, 2010)

Study found that elderly who are bedbound or in a wheelchair had weaker

bones and muscles due to lack of vitamin D.

(Health News, 2010)

Studies shown elderly are staying indoors more due to health problems which lowers Vitamin D levels.

(NHS, 2011)

Recommended Vitamin DDepartment of Health recommends that people should take a daily

supplement containing 10mcg of vitamin D throughout the year if

they:

● are not often outdoors, such as those who are frail or

housebound

● are in an institution such as a care home

● usually wear clothes that cover up most of their skin

when outdoors

Vitamin K Function

:1- Blood clotting.

2- Keeps bones healthy.

Foods high in Vitamin K:

Green leafy vegetables – such as:Broccoli and spinachvegetable oilscereal grains

Minerals (Calcium, Iron and Potassium) Minerals are essential nutrients your body needs in small amounts to work properly.(NHS, 2014)

Minerals are necessary for three main reasons:

Building strong bones and teeth

Controlling body fluids inside and outside cells

Turning the food you eat into energy

Iron Iron is an essential mineral, with several important roles in the body.

For example, it helps to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body.

(NHS, 2014)

Good sources of iron:

• Good sources of iron include:

• liver

• meat

• beans

• nuts

• dried fruit – such as dried apricots

• wholegrains – such as brown rice

• fortified breakfast cereals

(NHS, 2010)

Potassium It helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells.

Foods high in potassium

1- Leafy greens, such as spinach and collards

2- Fruit from vines, such as grapes and blackberries

3- Root vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes

4- Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit

(NHS, 2010)

Calcium There is more calcium in the body than any other mineral, and it has several important functions.

These include:

1- Helping to build strong bones and teeth

2-Regulating muscle contractions, including heartbeat

3- Ensuring that blood clots normally

Good sources of calcium

Good sources of calcium include:

• milk, cheese and other dairy foods

• green leafy vegetables – such as broccoli, cabbage and okra, but not spinach

• soya beans

• nuts

• bread

(NHS, 2014)

Benefits