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CONTENTS

Sr.No. Topic

1. Introduction

2. Disease Causing Organisms

a) Virus

b) Bacteria

c) Protozoa

d) Fungi

3. Video

4. Conclusion

5. Acknowledgement

6. Bibliography

WHY DO WE FALL ILL?

It’s a question we all used to ask. Now, we all

know the answer, “ Its because pathogens

enter inside our body. “ .

But here, now, we are going to describe in

detail the organisms that cause diseases.

We normally think of pathogens in hostile terms—as invaders that attack our bodies. But a pathogen or a parasite, like any other organism, is simply trying to live and procreate. Living at the expense of a host organism is a very attractive strategy, and it is possible that every living organism on earth is subject to some type of infection or parasitism. A human host is a nutrient-rich, warm, and moist environment, which remains at a uniform temperature and constantly renews itself. It is not surprising that many microorganisms have evolved the ability to survive and reproduce in this desirable niche. So we really can’t blame them can we? Everybody has to survive.

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates

only inside the living cells of other organisms. Virus

can infect all types of life forms animals to plants

and bacteria.

The study of virus is known as virology, a sub-

speciality of microbiology. Viruses do not have their

own metabolism, and require a host cell to make

new products. They therefore cannot naturally

reproduce outside a host cell.

EXAMPLES OF DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES.

Varicella Zoster -Chicken pox

Rotavirus - Diarrhea among infants

HAV - Hepatitis A

Enterovirus - Polio

Measles virus- Measles

HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus)– AIDS

Ebola – Fatal illness

H1N1 – Swine flu

BACTERIA

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic

microorganisms. Typically a few micro-metres in

length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging

from spheres to rods and spirals.

Bacteria reproduce by splitting in two.

PROTOZOA

Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes (organisms

whose cells have nuclei) that commonly show

characteristics usually associated with animals.

Most protozoa do us no harm. But there are a few

that cause diseases. One type of amoeba can live

in human intestines. It feeds on red blood cells and

causes a disease known as dysentery. Another

species of protozoa can sicken hundreds of

thousands of people when it gets into the tap water.

Perhaps the best-known deadly protozoa causes

malaria, a terrible disease that leads to about

800,000 deaths each year worldwide.

FUNGUS

Fungal diseases are usually caused by common fungi found in

our environment, including the soil, plants, trees, and even on

our skin and other parts of the body. Symptoms of fungal

infection depend on the type and location in the body. Fungal

infections may be mild, manifesting as rashes or mild

respiratory problems. However, some diseases caused by fungi

may be severe and can cause serious complications and death.

Fungal

Meningitis

Cryptococcus

neoformans

Headache, neck

stiffness, fever,

confusion,

vomiting,

Brain and spinal

cord

AspergillosisAspergillus

fumigatus,

A. flavus

Coughing,

wheezing and

fever, repeated

coughing up of

blood, chest pain

Respiratory

system

Candidiasis Candida albicansRedness, itching,

discomfort,

Skin or mucous

membranes

Cryptococcos

isCryptococcus

neoformans

Fever. Malaise.

Pleuritic chest pain

Cough, usually

nonproductive

Blood stream

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

ASPERGILLOSIS

RINGWORMATHLETE’S FOOT

CONCLUSION

So its necessary for us to take care and

precautions because……….

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to everyone who supported us in completing our project effectively and also on time.

We would like to express our special thanks &gratitude to our teacher, Ms Lalitha Malya of the Department of Biology, who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project. She has been very kind and patient while suggesting us the outlines of this project. We thank her for her overall support, which has helped us also to learn about many disease causing Microorganisms.

BIBLIOGRAPHY