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SAP Overview
SAP?
• Company
• ERP Software package– R/2– R/3
Why ERP
• Integration
• Best business practices
• Standardization
Why not ERP?
• Complexity
• Cost
• Inflexibility
SAP R/3 System Business Modules
Sales &Distribution
MaterialsMgmt.
ProductionPlanning
FinancialAccounting
Controlling
Fixed AssetsMgmt.
QualityMgmt.
PlantMaintenance
HumanResources
Workflow
IndustrySolutions
R/3Client / Server
ABAP/4 ProjectSystem
Logistical Financial
R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views
Typical Client Server Architectures
Central System
Two - tierDistributed System
Two - tierClient/Server
Three - tierClient/Server
Multi-layerCooperative
Client/Server
Presentation Application Database
Database and Application
R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral System
SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
PresentationDatabase
Application
Presentation
Internet Transaction Service/Web Service
In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing tasks.
Database and Application
R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems
SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
PresentationDatabase
Application
Presentation
Internet Transaction Service/Web Service
Two tier R/3 System‑ configurations are usually implemented using special presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface. Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows installed, for example, as ‑presentation servers.
An alternative two tier‑ configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use these for presentation and applications (two tier client/server). This type of ‑configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or for software developers.
Database and Application
R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems
SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
PresentationDatabase
Application
Presentation
Internet Transaction Service/Web Service
In a three tier‑ configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.
Database and Application
R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems
SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
PresentationDatabase
Application
Presentation
Internet Transaction Service/Web Service
Database and Application
R/3 System ConfigurationsCentral Systems
SAP2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled
Presentation
Database,
Application,
PresentationDatabase
Application
Presentation
Internet Transaction Service/Web Service
To web enable‑ the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The web service and the services for the ITS can run on one ‑server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.
Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy
Input / Outputof data to users
Access to Dataase:(Read / Write data)
Central Database(Storage of all data)
Database
Application
Presentation
Processing of datausing application logic
Presentation of theprocessed data tothe user
Client/Server Overview
Client
Server
LAN/WAN
TCP / IP
Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)
Presentation
Data Storage
ApplicationLogic
Client
Server
SAP AG
R
What does an R/3 Database Contain?
R/3System
database
Repository ObjectsRepository Objects
Customizing ObjectsCustomizing Objects
ClientClient ClientClient ClientClient
Global SettingsGlobal Settings
SAP AG
R
What is a Client?
“A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System withregard to commercial law, organization, and data.”
ClientClient
User Master
Customizing
Application
user recordsuser authorization
client-dependentcustomizing data
transaction datamaster data
Common Client Roles
CUST
QTST
PROD
Development &Development &CustomizingCustomizing
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
ProductionProduction
Configuring of client settings andcreation of new functionality
Functionality testing andverification of configuration
Productive activities and businessdata
Additional Client Roles
SAND
PPRD
SandboxSandbox
TestTest
TrainingTraining
Pre-productionPre-production
Sampling of customizingtransactions and settings
Testing of configuration settingswith data
Configured environment for theload of legacy data prior to thestart of productive activities
TRNG End-user customer trainingenvironment
TEST
Sample SAP System Landscape
Development Testing Production
DatabaseServers
ApplicationServers
PresentationServers
Object Migration
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Program A
Table A
Screen A
Development QA Testing Production
Corrections and Transport
Object Migration
Program AVersion 1
Program AVersion 1
Program AVersion 2
Program AVersion 2
Program AVersion 3
Program AVersion 3
Program AVersion 1
Program AVersion 1
Program AVersion 2
Program AVersion 2
Program AVersion 3
Program AVersion 3
Originals
Development QA TestingCorrections
andTransport
?
?
Geography-based Clients
R/3America
R/3Europe
R/3Japan
America Client 010America Client 010
Japan Client 030Japan Client 030
Europe Client 020Europe Client 020
Client Copies
Configuration
Development
Interface TestingQuality Assurance
User Training
ERP: Integration
Integrate people, data and business processes within and between organizations.
Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency and internal process optimization.
Procurement ProcessOutlineAgreement
Demand
Purchase Requisition Vendor
Purchase OrderGoods Receipt
& Inventory Mgmt.
AccountsPayable Invoice
Verification
Scheduling Agreement
Production Process
Goods Issue Shop Floor
Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement
Schedule/Release
Sales Process — Trading Goods
Customer Order Picking
Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable
Packing
Sales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
AvailabilityCheck
Goods Issue
BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment
Sales Process Finished Goods
Customer Order
Availability Check - Insufficient -
IndependentDemand
MRP Run
ProductionScheduling
Purchasing
DependentDemand
Process Flow
Goods Issueto Shop Floor
GoodsReceipt
Production
Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable
Logging In
• Basics
Client
• This is a numeric field.
• This number defines a whole business entity.
User
• Every SAP user has a user name.
• Users of SAP system are client-specific, which means that having a user identification on one client will only allow access to that particular client.
Password Rules
• Letters
• Numbers
• Easy to remember
• 3-8 Characters long
• No 3 Characters can be the same
• Do not start with a ? or an !
• Do not use previous 5 passwords
Language
• SAP supports multi-national character sets and languages on the same system, at the same time.
• Default languages are English and German.
Field Types
• There are three types of Entry Fields
– Required– Default entry– Optional entry field
Sessions
• An SAP session is a window in which the user may perform a particular task.
• A User may have up to nine sessions open at one time.
SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher
Data base
Application
Presentation
BuffersWorkProcess
WorkProcess
WorkProcess
Dispatcher
SAP GUI
Communications
SAP Memory BufferSAP Memory Buffer
Relational database systemRelational database system
SAP GUISAP GUI
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow
Data base
Application
Presentation
WorkProcess
Dispatcher
TerminalProcess
Request queuesRequest queues
11
33
22
4455
66
77
Roll
Page
SAP Dispatcher
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
1999
Background Jobs
Spool
Enqueue
Dialog Update MessageSold to party: C100
Item Material Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party: C100Item Material Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party: C100Item Material Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
Sold to party: C100Item Material Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25
O r d e r
M
Gateway
R/2
R/3
G
AABB
CC
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process
WorkProcess
Update
WorkProcess
Enqueue
Dispatcher
WorkProcess
Update
WorkProcess
Enqueue
Dispatcher
Lock table in
main storage
MessageServer
Instance A
Instance B
SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance
Dialog . . . . Update SpoolBack-
groundEnqueue
Dispatcher
DatabaseInstance
DatabaseInstance Message
Server
MessageServer
SAPGateway
SAPGateway
Instance Profiles(parameters)
Instance Profiles(parameters)
SAP BuffersSAP Buffers
Startor
Stop
Startor
Stop
Central Instance
SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing
Dialog Update Enqueue Spool
Dispatcher
Mess-age
Gate-way
Instance 01
Enqueue Dialog . . .
Dispatcher
Instance 02
DialogBack-
ground Enqueue
Dispatcher
Instance 03
Reporting
• Three basic steps to running a report
– Access the report– Enter selection criteria– Execute the report
System MessagesSystem Messages
E - Error – An invalid entry has been made. – The cursor moves to the field where the error has occurred.
W - Warning– A possible error has been made. –The user can continue without changing.
I – Information– Feedback from the system.
Customizing - Modeling the Business
– Organizational Structures in each module
– Master Data - Customers, Materials, …
– Rules - required entries, tolerances, …
Mapping
– Assignment of organizational structures to reflect the enterprise model
– Establishes integration among modules