TYPES OF NETWORK Assignment

Submitted to;

Sir Salman Naseer

Submitted by;

Ali Ijaz

BC14029

Local Area Network (LAN)A LAN is a network that is used for communicating

among computer devices, usually within an office building or home.

LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users

Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a mile

Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 GbpsRequires little wiring, typically a single cable

connecting to each device.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.

A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.

A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations.

A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources.

A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter.

Wide Area Network (WAN) WAN covers a large geographic area such as country,

continent or even whole of the world. A WAN is two or more LANs connected together. The LANs

can be many miles apart. To cover great distances, WANs may transmit data over

leased high-speed phone lines or wireless links such as satellites.

Multiple LANs can be connected together using devices such as bridges, routers, or gateways, which enable them to share data.

The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A PAN is a network that is used for communicating among computers and computer devices (including telephones) in close proximity of around a few meters within a room

It can be used for communicating between the devices themselves, or for connecting to a larger network such as the internet.

PAN’s can be wired or wireless A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used

for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individual's body.

The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters.

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using a wireless distribution method (often spread-spectrum or OFDM radio) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building.

This gives users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network, and can provide a connection to the wider Internet.

Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.

Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation and use, and in commercial complexes offering wireless access to their customers; often for free.

New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to provide city workers in all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage.

SANs are primarily used to enhance storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes, accessible to servers so that the devices appear like locally attached devices to the operating system.

A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through the local area network (LAN) by other devices.

The cost and complexity of SANs dropped in the early 2000s to levels allowing wider adoption across both enterprise and small to medium sized business environments.

A SAN does not provide file abstraction, only block-level operations.

Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-

configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires.

Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently.

The primary challenge in building a MANET is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic.

MANETs are a kind of Wireless ad hoc network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network.

MANETs circa 2000-2015 typically communicate at radio frequencies (30 MHz - 5 GHz).

Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET)

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) uses cars as mobile nodes in a MANET to create a mobile network.

A VANET turns every participating car into a wireless router or node, allowing cars approximately 100 to 300 meters of each other to connect and, in turn, create a network with a wide range.

As cars fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network, other cars can join in, connecting vehicles to one another so that a mobile Internet is created.

It is estimated that the first systems that will integrate this technology are police and fire vehicles to communicate with each other for safety purposes.

Automotive companies like General Motors, Toyota, Nissan, DaimlerChrysler, BMW and Ford promote this term.

Zig Bee

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios.

ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Though its low power consumption limits transmission distances to

10–100 meters line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics.

ZigBee is typically used in low data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking.

ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 Kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device.

Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the local telephone station wirelessly.

WLL permits local loop service for subscriber call origination and for receipt of calls.

WLL applies to voice and data services. WLL provides signaling mechanisms between the serving system

and the mobile station or the network interface unit. This signaling mechanism permits the exchange of call control

information.

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