Sustainable development planning framework for cac

POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES

MECAA SEMİNAR JUNE 2016 İZMİR

Total 12 Slides and 15 Minutes

M. Binhan Ganioğlu

CENTRAL ASIAN REGION WATER BASINS

MAJOR FISH SPECIES AND STATUS OF THE FRESH WATER BODIES OF THE CAC

• Fisheries in arid countries of Central Asia and in Kazakhstan have a relatively short tradition of less than 100 years. However, during this period, water resources, originating largely from snow and ice melt, have been subject to large-scale engineering interference required by the growing demands for the expansion of irrigated agriculture. Storage and diversion of flow into irrigation systems have affected original fish stocks through changes in river discharges, blockage of migratory pathways by dams and barrages, increase in dissolved salt content and agrochemicals in drainage waters. In order to boost the indigenous fish stocks, which often give poor yields, fishery managers transferred a number of fish species from other parts of Asia within the ex-Soviet Union. In order to improve the food base for such fish, fish food organisms such as mysids, gammarids and mollusks were also transferred. The introductions often increased fish yields only temporarily or interfered with the indigenous stocks. In addition to valuable fish species, unwanted fish were sometimes brought in. Where river basins became interconnected through canals, fish faunas of these basins intermingled through immigration of species. The new fish communities now form a mixture of indigenous and introduced fish, where one can rarely assume that a balanced state has been achieved. The priority of the governments remains the use of water for irrigation and hydropower production, which leaves fishery managers in the unenviable position of adjusting the management to the continuously changing situation, which is often unpredictable. In order to increase fish production present government strategies focus on the rehabilitation of rivers and terminal lakes with the aim of arresting and reversing the process of salinization of waters and of maintaining water level in lakes. This allows fishery managers to develop strategies for optimizing fish yields under more stable conditions. With the new efforts to revitalize the Aral Sea, the large artificial terminal lakes established from drainage and wash waters, will become of minor importance for fisheries, as their salinity will increase beyond the tolerance level of most fish. However, in freshwater reservoirs and lakes, including those formed from seepage in depressions near irrigation canals, there is considerable potential for raising fish yields. Culture-enhanced methodologies, when introduced, should also lead to substantial increases in fish production from these water bodies.

• From “WB-GEF Report “The Aral Sea Crisis”

FISHERIESSUSTAINABILITY

SECTOR SPECIFIC COMMUNITY SPECIFIC

DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY AS ACCEPTED BY THE FAO COUNCIL IN 1988

“The management and conservation of the natural resource base, and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment of continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable development conserves (land,) water, plants and (animal) genetic resources, is environmentally non-degrading, technologically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable"

INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYexamples of pressure, state and response

Issue Pressure (driving force) State (Condition) Response (Mitigating action)

Overfishing Economic losses

Overcapacity Biomass < MSYLow catch rates

Overcapacity

Limit accessReduce effort

Suppress subsidies

Littoral habitat degradation Coastal trawling % sea grass coverJuveniles mortality

Protected areasClosed seasons

Increased penalties

Extensive aquaculture (and other pressures)

% of mangrove cover Mangrove replantingDecrease access

Algal blooms Pollution Nutrient loadFrequency of crisesAlgal productivity

Aquaculture feed - management

Control of LBS 1

POTENTIAL GOVERNANCE INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES

ACTIVITIES and INVESTMENTS

• Data on Resources, Stakeholders, Market Competition, Social Welfare and Management Status of Aquatic Resources

• Relevant Guidance and Monitoring Organizations, Authorities, Policies, Laws, Regulations

• Logistics, Markets, Fair Trade, Competitiveness, Communication, Coordination, PPP Support , International Equitability, Taxes, Incentives and Penalties, Insurances, Reassurances, Legal and Sustainability Obligations, Precautionary and Monitoring Measures

• Resource and Resource Access – Utilization Priorities and etc.

MILESTONES IN THE PLANNING OF COORDINATED FISHERIES

POTENTIAL UTILIZATION

• Data Collection and Verification, SWOT Analysis, Needs Assessments, Risk Assessments, Cost / Benefit Analysis, Capacity Building, Benchmarking

• Structural - Institutional – Organizational Status Planning , Rational and Knowledge Based Strategic Plan

• Utilization of Regional – International Cooperation and Coordination Opportunities

• Allocation of Project and Activity based Holistic Support and Monitoring Instruments

REGION SPECIFIC POSITIVE FISHERIES INVESTMENT POTENTIALS

• Sufficient and diversified freshwater, brackish water and potential groundwater resources

• Policy makers' and officials' interest in supporting the development of and establishing a sustainable fisheries industry

• Presence of National Committees involved with fisheries issues

• Presence of Academia and Institutions• Presence of regional and international cooperation

and communication


• Presence and continued efforts for the development of environment and fisheries related legislations

• Presence of an intention to support aquaculture industry through long term leases and simplified official procedures

• Presence of regional communication and potential for cooperation on resource management as well as resource and market sharing


• Presence of International and Regional on-going fisheries and aquatic ecosystem related coordination and cooperation focused activities

• Availability of a young and educated work force that could be trained in integrated fisheries and aquaculture activities

• High market value for some cultured species especially when the capture fisheries is dwindling

• Preference for inclusion of fish in the diets, especially in traditional rural areas as well as well to do urban cities


• Relatively close to international markets where fish is a high value commodity

• Presence of technology and know-how among neighboring countries and international organizations already present in the region to plan and implement fisheries and aquaculture facilities and sustainable structural basis for the sector

• Presence of historical know-how and practices on restocking of certain species and realization of importance of culture-based fisheries focused at support for artisanal fisheries


• Potential for diversification and sustainability of culture-based fisheries and aquaculture activities supported with a growing economy and regional markets

• Presence of on-going projects focused at rehabilitation of water bodies and planning for building Climate Change Resilience

• Presence of small to medium size carpio and salmo species production activities

• Presence of international technical and administrative support on sustainable development


• Presence of international financial support on environment, food security and safety, business development etc.

• Presence of water bodies and dykes already built for hydroelectricity and irrigation purposes which can be utilized within a holistic and diversified sustainability master plan

• Potential for implementation of integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture systems (IAA) and mainstreaming measures

THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST

I WILL BE HAPPY TO RECEIVE YOUR

VALUABLE COMMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS

M. Binhan Ganioğlu

Investor Relations

Sustainable development planning framework for cac