SUB:SOCIAL SCIENCE

TOPIC:SOCIAL PROBLEMS

By,

Vishwas.M

Shreyas URS

Prajwal.M.R

Our country India is a very small country with wide variety of cast, religion & creed. In such a country, their resides problems within societies as it contains a large population in it. The main problem which resides in Indian society is DOWRY SYSTEM, CHILD LABOUR, POVERTY & THE GROWING POPULATION

Poverty

Dowry System

Child labour

Corruption

Population

Female Foeticide

POVERTY

Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor.

In 2010, the World Bank reported that 32.7% of the total Indian people falls below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day (PPP) while 68.7% lives on less than US$ 2 per day.

Low rate of economic development

Unemployment

Shortage of capital and able entrepreneurship

Corruption

Caste system

80% of India does not have access to public health facilities. (Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss, Minister for Health and Family Welfare)

47% of Indian children under the age of 5 years are undernourished. (Human Development Report 2005, UNDP)

This has to be seen in perspective as the population of India has increased by 370 million from 1991 and 190 million from 2001 so the absolute number of poor has increased.

However, we also know that…

71% of the children in 15-19 age group have not completed a secondary education, their fundamental right. (National Sample Survey on Education, 1999-00, NSSO)

57% of India does not have access to electricity. (World Development Indicators 2005, World

Bank) 70% of India does not have access to a suitable

toilet. (National Sample Survey on Housing, 2004, NSSO)

49% of India does not have proper shelter. (National Sample Survey on Housing, 2004,

NSSO) 38% of India does not have access to a nearby

water source. (National Family Health Survey, 1998-99, IIPS)

DOWRY SYSTEM

In India, dowry is the payment in cash or some kind of gifts given to bridegroom's family along with the bride.

The underbelly of the dowry system revolves around the treatment of brides. Referred to as “bride-burning”, the act of maiming or even killing brides whose family cannot or will not meet a groom’s dowry demands is a worrying practice in India. The National Crime , negligence or murder than boys dodowry-related deaths recorded Only a third of all reported cases result in conviction of the offenders.

Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be called "dowry death" and such husband or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death. Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her on fire; this is known as "bride burning”.

The dowry law (article 498a) is thought to sometimes have been misused by women to lodge false or exaggerated complaints against husbands and entire extended family accusing them of cruel behavior. As per the data only 2% of the cases registered for dowry demand have led to conviction of the groom or groom's family. This had raised questions about rampant misuse of dowry laws in India by women to harass husband's family.

Female police taskforce,1992

Dowry prohibition act,1961

IPC Section 498A

Anti-Dowry Act,1989

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act,2005

Section 304B

IPC Section 406

CHILD LABOUR

Child labour is the practicing of having children engage in economic activity, on part or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the important causes of child labour in India

The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 12.6 million, out of a total child population of 253 million in 5-14 age group. The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time.In 2001, out of a 12.6 million child workers, about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job.

¤ Poverty¤ Non-availability of and non-accessibility to

schools¤ Parental illiteracy¤ Tradition of making children learn the family

skills¤ Irrelevant and non-attractive school

curriculum¤ Employers prefer children as they constitute

cheap labour and they are not able to organize themselves against exploitation.

Section 12 of India's Child Labour(Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986 requires prominent display of 'child labour is prohibited' signs in many industries and construction sites in local language and English.The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory

Widespread positive awareness to go to school not to work.

Awareness through print and electronic media.

Campaigns on CHILD RIGHTS.

Observation of specific day ANTI CHILD LABOUR DAY in june 12th by ILO.

The international Labour Organization has been fighting child labour for many decades.

The United Nations declared the children must be protected from dangerous work.

Over the past many years many agreements, which protect the rights of children, have been signed.

CORRUPTION

Corruption in India is a major issue that adversely affects its economy. A study conducted by Transparency International in year 2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully

1. It causes widespread bitterness in those who cannot pay or refuse to pay for favors, when they see those who do pay being favored;

2. Corruption also enriches a few corrupt people at the expense of the majority;

3. It distorts standards when it enables those who less deserve to reach goals ahead of those of greater merit.

4. It enables those who pay bribes to obtain favors and services to which they are not entitled;

5. When bribes are paid to law enforcement officers, respect for the law and rule of law is lost;

6. It retards economic development as it shifts services from the needy or priority areas. It furthers the social and economic marginalization of the poor; and if;

7. Allowed to expand unchecked, corruption erodes political legitimacy to the point where citizens see little point in following the rules and might result into political instability.

IPC,1860 Prevention of Corruption Act,1988 Prevention of Money Laundering

Act, 2002

Right to Information Act,2005 Central Vigilance Commission Act Lok Ayukta Acts of States etc.

If corruption levels in India were reduced to levels in developed economies such as Singapore or the United Kingdom, India's GDP growth rate could increase at a higher rate annually.

Certain states such as Andhra Pradesh (Andhra Pradesh Anti-corruption Bureau) and Karnataka (Lokayukta) also have their own anti-corruption agencies and courts.

Population

The human population has been growing continuously since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1400, although the most significant increase has been in the last 50 years, mainly due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity.As of December 1, 2013 the world's human population is estimated to be 7.128 billion by the United States Census Bureau, and over 7 billion by the United Nations.

India's Population 2014

Current Population of India in 2014 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion)

Total Male Population in India 655,875,026 (655.8 million)

Total Female Population in India 614,397,079 (614.4 million)

Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males

Age structure

0 to 25 years 50% of India's current population

Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.

India's Population in 2012 1.22 billion

India's Population in 2011 1.21 billion

Data from World Population:-

Year Population (in Billion)1804 1 1927 21959 31974 41987 51999 62011 72020 7.7 (estimate)

For the world as a whole, the number of children born per woman decreased from 5.02 to 2.65 between 1950 and 2005. A breakdown by region is as follows:Europe – 2.66 to 1.41North America – 3.47 to 1.99Oceania – 3.87 to 2.30Central America – 6.38 to 2.66South America – 5.75 to 2.49Asia (excluding Middle East) – 5.85 to 2.43Middle East & North Africa – 6.99 to 3.37Sub-Saharan Africa – 6.7 to 5.53

1.High Inflation Rates.2.Poor Girl Child Education3.Poor Infrastructure4.Balance of Payment Deterioration5.High Levels of Debts6.Inequality has risen7.Large Budget Deficit8.Rigid Labour Laws

The term female

foeticide means killing the

female foetus in the mother's

womb. How cruel? The practice

has been followed in India for

ages, a country that once

described its women as

godessessFor this reason, Indian women will soon get extinct.

Surprised? The most active part is being played by the women

themselves -- why? Just for the mere want of a boy, mothers

don't feel bad in strangulating their daughters in their wombs.

Can anyone be more cruel?

In India, sex ratio stands at a paltry 933:1000, i.e., 67 women

short of every 1,000 males.

The general perception is that the cost of marriage and dowry has gone up and so daughters have become greater financial liabilities. The dowry system is invariably blamed. We are not convinced that dowry alone is the main cause of female foeticide.

Families that are well-off and do not have to depend on dowry to augment their income are also opting for female foeticide. The real reason seems to be the high status of families with several sons and the low status of families with no sons. Another interesting factor for the preference for sons is that the prospect of migration of sons to, say the Gulf or western countries, is much higher for men than for women (except in special cases such as Kerala from where nurses go all over the world). GLOBALISATION is thus adding to the miseries of the girl

child.

How to stop

female foeticide ?

1.Sex determination tests like

sonography and amniocentesis

should be banned.2.Legalise sex determination3.Introduce one-child norm

4.Amend the law

5.Bring change in mindset

6.Punish the guilty

7.Religious bodies should act

A number of steps have been taken by the government and many organizations to abolish the prevalent social evils. Many laws have been implemented for the prevention of these acts. But the common people have a role to play. The first step towards mitigation is PUBLIC AWARENESS. Each and every individual must take the oath to do his/her path in abolishing these evils. The public should be aware to report of any such incidence on the respective authority. The victim must raise the voice and resist such acts. Many other such simple steps by a society as a whole can mitigate the social evils and make social life happier