Future internet-business-ecosystems fi-ppp-white-paper1

! ! !! !!

!!!!!! WHITE!PAPER!‘TOWARDS!FI/PPP!INNOVATION!AND!BUSINESS!ECOSYSTEMS’! Page!1!

! !

!

FUTURE INTERNET PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TOWARDS(FI+PPP(INNOVATION(AND(BUSINESS(ECOSYSTEMS(

(

(

Author(s):!!! ! Pieter!Ballon,!Anand!Raju!&!Cristina!Cullell/March!

Exploitation!and!Business!Modelling!WG!

!

! !

! ! !! !!


!

!

!

!

! ! !! !!


TABLE !OF !CONTENTS !

!

1.! INTRODUCTION( 5(

2.! FI+PPP(PLATFORM,(INFRAESTRUCTURES(AND(USE(CASES( 23(

3.! TOWARDS(FI+PPP(INNOVATION(AND(BUSINESS(ECOSYSTEM( 12!

3.1.! FI(COMPONENTS( 13!3.2.! FI(CONFIGURATIONS( 18!3.2.1.! ENTRY!POINT!#1!–(BASED(ON(COMBINATION(OF(GES(AND(SES:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[SE1!SE2…SEN]/[GE1!

GE2…GEN]!19!3.2.2.! ENTRY!POINT!#2!–(BASED(EXCLUSIVELY(ON(SES:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[SE1!SE2…SEN]! 20!3.2.3.! ENTRY!POINT!#3–(BASED(EXCLUSIVELY(ON(GES(ONLY:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[GE1!GE2…GEN]! 21!!

4.! CHALLENGES(FOR(FI+PPP(ECOSYSTEM( 23!

! !

!

! ! !! !!


L I ST !OF !F IGURES !

Figure!1:!FI/PPP!Programme!Overview!.............................................................................................................!6!Figure!2.!FI/PPP!technical!and!business!ecosystem!overview!.........................................................................!14!Figure!3.!FI!core!platform!/!actor!mapping!!.....................................................................................................!15!Figure!4:!FI!specific!enablers:!actor!mapping!!.................................................................................................!16!Figure!5:!Entry!points!to!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem!!..............................................................................................!18!Figure!6:!Entry!point!#1!to!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem!...........................................................................................!20!Figure!7:!Entry!point!#2!to!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem!!..........................................................................................!21!Figure!8:!Entry!point!#3!to!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem!...........................................................................................!22!

! ! !! !!


1. !INTRODUCTION!

Information!and!Communication!Technologies!(ICTs),!notably!Future!Internet!technologies,!are!increasingly!

transforming! society.! A! growing! number! of! EU! consumers! and! citizens! use! the! Internet! and! related!

technologies!to!access,!use!and!create!content,!to!communicate!and!interact! in!networks.!The!Internet! is!

also!transforming!the!way!business! is!conducted.!As!a!growing!number!of!EU!enterprises!utilize! Internet/

enabled!solutions!to!enhance!productivity,!to!collaborate!and!to!enable!novel!services.!Likewise,!actors!in!

the!public!sector!actors!seek!for!efficiency!and!service!quality!improvements,!better!services!and!enhanced!

transparency,!e.g.!through!Internet/based!public!services1.!However,!while!Europe!is!among!the!leaders!in!

terms! of! Internet! diffusion,! it! has! been! slower! to! some! other! regions! in! the! world! (notably! the! US)! to!

capture! the! benefits! of! Internet/based! innovation.! Following! this,! the! European! Commission! (with!

significant!inputs!from!industry)!launched!the!Future!Internet!Public/Private!Partnership!(FI/PPP).!

The!FI/PPP!aims!to!significantly!advance!implementation!and!uptake!of!a!European/scale!market!for!‘smart!

infrastructures’!that!can!apply!to!many!domains.!It!is!an!industry/driven!€!600!million!(€!300!million!public!

funding!matched!by!private! funding)! research! and!development!programme,!bringing! together!over! 150!

European! private! and! public! sector! organizations! from! sectors! such! as! transport,! energy,! content! and!

media,! logistics,!mobility,!food,!safety!and!security,!work!environments!and!health.! It!aims!to!achieve!the!

following!objectives:!

!• Significant! increase! of! the! effectiveness! of! business! processes! and! novel! approaches! to! the!

operation!of!infrastructures!and!applications!of!high!economic!and/or!societal!value.!• Reinforced!industrial!capability!on!novel!service!architectures!and!platforms;!• New! opportunities! for! novel! business!models! based! on! cross/sector! industrial! partnerships! built!

around! Future! Internet! value! chains,! involving! users! and! public! authorities! at! local,! regional! and!national! levels,! and!providing! SME!players!with!opportunities! to!offer!new!products,! equipment,!services!and!applications;!

• Creation! of! new! European/scale! markets! for! smart! infrastructures! contributing! to! European!leadership!in!global!ICT!applications!markets;!

• Evolution! of! Future! Internet! infrastructure! compatible! with! the! emergence! of! open,! secure! and!trusted!service;!

• A!comprehensive!approach!towards!regulatory!and!policy!issues.!!The! FI/PPP2! follows! an! industry/driven,! user/oriented! approach! that! combines! R&D! on! network! and!

communication!technologies,!devices,!software,!service!and!media!technologies;!and!their!experimentation!

and!validation!in!real!application!contexts.!It!brings!together!the!demand!and!supply!sides,!and!it!involves!

users!early!into!the!research!lifecycle.!The!platform!technologies!will!be!used!and!validated!by!many!actors,!

in!particular!by!small/!and!medium/sized!companies!and!public!administrations.!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!FI/PPP!Vision!Document!2!https://ec.europa.eu/digital/agenda/en/future/internet/public/private/partnership!!

! ! !! !!


!

This!paper! ‘Towards!FI/PPP! Innovation!and!Business!Ecosystem’! is!based!on! the!EBM!WG!position!paper!

‘Business!Models!and!Exploitation!Plans!Report’.!In!particular,!it!underlines!its!business!related!issues!that!

take!place!in!a!multi/layered!platform!that!has!the!potential!to!create!vibrant!dynamics!of!new!applications!

and! cross/domain! Future! Internet! systems.! FI/PPP! programme! is! on! a! three/phased! approach! and! this!

paper!analyses!the!business!views!Phase!1!Use!Case!projects!actively!participating!in!the!EBM!WG!during!

the!course!of!2011!and!2012.!The!eight!Use!Case!domains!explored!within!the!first!phase!of!FI/PPP!are:!!

• Transport,!Logistics,!and!Agrifood:!FINEST!(Phase!1),!SmartAgriFood!(Phase!1),!FIspace!(Phase!1)!

• Personal!Mobility:!Instant!Mobility!(Phase!1)!

• Social!Connected!TV,!Mobile!City!Services,!and!Video!Games:!FI/CONTENT!(Phase!1)!

• Smart!Cities!and!Public!Security:!SafeCity!(Phase!1),!OUTSMART!(Phase!1)!

• Smart!Energy:!FINSENY!(Phase!1)!

!

!FIGURE!1:!FI/PPP!PROGRAMME!OVERVIEW!

!

These! Phase! 1! Projects! primarily! focused! on! exploring! new! markets,! venues! of! growth,! and! gathering!

business!and!technical!requirements!for!developing!their!FI/based!solutions!for!myriads!of!users,!including!

end!customers,!citizens!and!communities,!as!well!as!small!and!large!businesses!in!Europe.!This!information!

has! been! synthesised! into! using! preliminary! business! ecosystem! architecture.! Based! on! that! analysis! a!

number!of!key!opportunities!and!challenges!have!been!induced.!The!analysis!is!intended!to!serve!as!input!

for!further!development,!validation!and!business!model!analysis!in!the!Phase!2!projects.!!

Based!on!a!sample!use!case!application,!the!overarching!objectives!of!this!white!paper!are!therefore!to:!

! ! !! !!


!• Develop! an! high/level! view! of! the! FI/PPP! technology! business! ecosystem! along! with! its!

interconnected! technical! and! business! components,! including! users,! platform! (component)!provider!and!application!developers!

• Investigate! how! different! stakeholders! in! this! ecosystem! need! to! collaborate! and! explore!different! configurations! for! how! SMEs! and! Web! entrepreneurs! can! enter! the! ecosystem!through!multiple!venues!!

!

This!paper!is!structured!as!follows.!Firstly,!it!briefly!introduces!technical!and!business!architectures!of!the!FI!

PPP!Phase!1!projects!–!the!core!platform!FI/WARE!(Section!2.1);!the!eight!use/cases!ENVIROFI,!FI/CONTENT,!

FInest,! FINSENY,! Instant! Mobility,! OUTSMART,! SafeCity! and! Smart! Agri/Food! as! well! as! the! FI/PPP!

infrastructure.!Secondly,!it!brings!this!together!and!develops!an!overarching!view!of!the!FI/PPP!technology!

and!business!ecosystem.!It!also!explores!different!configurations!for!how!SMEs!and!Web!entrepreneurs!can!

enter!the!ecosystem!through!multiple!entry!points.!!!

! ! !! !!


2. FI/PPP!PLATFORM,!INFRASTRUCTURE!AND!USE!CASES!

The! FI/PPP! aims! to! build! synergies! between! stakeholders! (business! actors)! originating! from! multiple!

industry! verticals! (for! e.g.,! Logistics,! Agriculture,! Environment,! etc.)! to! create! and! operate! a! sustainable!

Future! Internet!business! ecosystem! in! Europe.! Such!an!ecosystem,!built! via! a!public/private!partnership,!

will! comprise! of! inter/dependent! inter/linked! business! stakeholders! performing! value/generating! roles.!

While!the!scope!of!this!white!paper!is!limited!to!developing!a!first!integrated!view!on!the!resulting!business!

ecosystem,!special!focus!is!put!on!critically!analysing!the!strategic!implications!for!stakeholders!(Use!Cases)!

engaging! in! such!business! ecosystems,! adopting!new!business! roles! and!offering!new!value!propositions!

towards!end!customers.!!

On!a!high/level!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem!is!organized!in!the!following!way:!

• FI!Core!Platform:!Underlying!FI!platform!aimed!at!provisioning!Future! Internet! capabilities! in! the!

form!of!Generic!Enablers!

• FI! Specific! Enablers:! FI! platform! components! with! domain! specific! capabilities! developed! within!

individual!Use!Case!projects!

• Use!Case!Projects:!Phase!1!projects!spread!across!8!vertical!domains!(see!table!2)!

• Applications:!Future!Internet!applications!developed!within!Phase!1!projects.!

To!better!understand! the! technical!and!business!nuances!behind! the!delivery!of!Future! Internet! services!

and!applications,!the!section!below!briefly!explains!the!underlying!technical!and!business!architectures!of!

each!Use!Case!project!along!with!the!FI/PPP!core!platform.!Before!we!proceed!further,!it!is!to!be!noted!that!

inputs! from! Use! Case,! platform,! and! infrastructure! projects! are! heterogeneous! in! nature! due! to! their!

disparate!research!and!exploitation!approached.!!

!

2.1. FI/PPP!CORE!PLATFORM!AND!INFRAESTRUCTURE!!

The!core!platform!of! the!Future! Internet! is!being!developed!by! the!FI/WARE!project.! This! core!platform,!

also! referred! to! as! the! “FI/WARE! Platform”! or! simply! “FI/WARE”,! aims! to! increase! the! global!

competitiveness!of!the!European!ICT!economy!by!introducing!an!innovative!infrastructure!for!cost/effective!

creation!and!delivery!of!versatile!digital! services,!providing!high!QoS!and!security!guarantees.!As! such,! it!

has!the!objective!to!provide!a!foundation!for!the!Future!Internet,!stimulating!and!cultivating!a!sustainable!

ecosystem! for! (a)! innovative! service! providers! delivering! new! applications! and! solutions! meeting! the!

requirements! of! established! and! emerging! usage! areas;! and! (b)! end! users! and! consumers! actively!

participating!in!content!and!service!consumption!and!creation.!!

Future! Internet! applications! require! an! evolutionary! architecture! composed! of! standard! and! existing!

elements!in!an!on/demand!fashion!via!open,!flexible,!and!harmonized!interfaces.!The!FI!Core!platform!(FI/

! ! !! !!


WARE)!provides!such!an!architecture!that!comprises!of!number! inter/connected!building!blocks! /!generic!

enablers!(GEs).!A!number!of!key!features!of!FI/PPP!Core!Platform!are!necessary!to!point!out!here:!!

• The! architecture! of! the! Core! Platform! is! not! limited! to! the! requirements! of! a! limited! set! usage!areas,!but!universal!in!ambition!and!aims!to!cater!to!any!potential!application!and!cross/application!domain!

• The!proposed!Core!Platform!architecture!is!being!developed!with!a!view!to!connect!and!add!value!to! smart! infrastructures,! including! the! Internet! of! Things,! personalization!of! services! and! flexible!infrastructures! in! order! to! facilitate! and! enhance! the! value! of! existing! infrastructures! and! new!developments!built!on!top!of!them.!

• The!Core!Platform!endorses! the! concept!of! IaaS! (Internet! as! a! Service)! and!PaaS! (Platforms!as! a!Service)! in! order! to! enable! rapid! infrastructure! creation! or! service! creation! through! application!blueprints.!!

!

The!GEs!constituting!the!Core!Platform!are!further!classified!into!core!GEs!and!optional!GEs.!Core!GEs!are!

deployed!in!every!FI/WARE!Instance.!

On!the!other!hand,!FI/PPP!program!relies!on!a!core!infrastructure!that!supports!the!platform.!In!particular,!

FI/PPP! infrastructure! operators3( support! experiments! on! the! FI/PPP! Core! Platform! in! a! multiplicity! of!

heterogeneous!environments!and!assist!FI/PPP!use!cases!in!the!large!scale.!Infrastructure!operators!own!or!

control! access! to! the! physical! resources! needed! by! a! Future! Internet! application.! These! resources! may!

include! communication! networks,! data! centre! facilities,! sensor! networks,! information! repositories,! and!

people.!

!

2.1. FI/PPP!USE!CASES:!TECHNICAL!AND!BUSINESS!ARCHITECTURE!

The!FI/PPP!is!covering!a!wide!scope!of!usage!areas!through!a!set!of!use!case!projects!that!make!use!of!the!

FI/PPP!core!platform!in!setting!up!trials!of!advanced!Future/Internet/based!services!and!applications.!FI/PPP!

phase!1!included!8!Use!Cases:!ENVIROFI4,!FI/CONTENT5,!FINEST6,!FINSENY7,!INSTANT!MOBILITY8,!

OUTSMART9,!SAFECITY10!and!SMART!AGRIFOOD11.!These!technical!and!business!inputs!from!the!Use!Cases!

are!synthesized!to!develop!an!overarching!FI/PPP!business!and!technical!architecture!in!the!following!the!

table!below.!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3!http://www.fi/infinity.eu/portal!4!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.envirofi.eu/!5!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.fi/content.eu/!6!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.finest/ppp.eu/!7!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.finest/ppp.eu/!8!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://instant/mobility.com/!9!For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.fi/ppp/outsmart.eu/en/uk/Pages/default.aspx!10For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.safecity/project.eu/!11For!more!information,!please!visit!http://www.smartagrifood.eu/!!

! ! !! !!


TABLE!2:!OBERVIEW!OF!FI/PPP!USE!CASES,!FEATURES,!TECHNICAL!COMPONENTS!AND!POTENTIAL!BUSINESS!SCOPE!

!! !

Use!case! OUTSMART! SAFECITY!! ENVIROFI! FI4CONTENT! FINSENY! INSTANT!MOBILITY!

Features! Platform! to! create!

smart!apps!to!be!used!

by! city! stakeholders.!

It!provides!FI! tools! to!

develop! and! deploy!

services! based! on!

monitoring! of!

environment,! i.e.!that!

collect! data! from!

capillary! networks,!

processes! it! and!

publishes! it! via!

services! to! smart!

applications!

Safecity! provides! services! to!

the! SafeCity! customer!

groups.! These! include:! (1)!

decision! support! system! for!

emergency! management;! (2)!

video! analytics! for! detecting!

unusual! and! suspicious!

events! (for! the! attention! of!

the! Police);! (3)! road! and!

environmental! sensors! for!

detecting! environmental!

hazards;! (4)!Mass!media! and!

other! means! for! alerting!

citizens!in!case!of!emergency!

ENVIROFI! aims! to!

overcome!

fragmentation! of!

environmental! data,! by!

creating! an!

environmental!

observation!web,!which!

integrates! and! makes!

data! accessible! for! the!

whole! monitoring! and!

decision! lifecycle!

(manage,! observe,!

publish/discover,!

compose/analyse,!

act/notify)!!

FI/CONTENT! technical!

architecture!comprises!of!the!

Application,! Enabler! and!

Transport! layers! and! several!

components! critical! for!

delivering!services!focused!on!

different! types! of! interactive!

and! multimedia! content! to!

customer! groups! like!

publishing! houses,!

broadcasters,! game!

developers! and! other! media!

companies.!

FiNSENY! provides! an!

aggregation! platform! to!

reduce! the! complexity!

involved! in!management! and!

operation! of! the! overall!

electricity! network.!

Interaction! between! the!

stakeholders! takes! place! on!

the! Electronic! Market! Place!

for! Energy.! The! Metering!

Operator! is! in! charge! of! the!

meter!data!management!and!

exposes! interfaces! for! Smart!

Metering! to! other!

stakeholders!

Instant! Mobility!

provides! multimodal!

transportation!

functionalities!

focusing! on!

metropolitan!areas.!

.!

!

Tech.!Components!

FI!GEs!and!SEs!

Presence!sensors!

Light!controlling!

actuators!

Intelligent!Video!analytics!

3D!applications!

Map! services,! ontology!

development! and!

knowledge! in! the!

environmental!domain!

Specific! enablers! for!

multimedia! content! via!

application! programming!

interfaces! (APIs)! and! via!

graphical!user!interfaces!

NA! The! functionalities! of!

the! Instant! Mobility!

ecosystem! are!

offered! by! a! RESTful!

Web!Service!interface!

layer!

! ! !! !!


Potential!Customers!

Primarily!city!

authorities.!!

City!authorities!and!smart!

cities!

Municipalities,! urban!

planners,! eco/tourism!

operators!

environmentalists,!

researchers,!

Broadcasting! and! publishing!

companies,! public! libraries!

and!other!SMEs!in!the!field!of!

digitization! and! enrichment!

services!

Consumers,!grid!operators! Travellers! (Daily!

commuters,! tourists),!

vehicle! drivers,!

transport!operators,!!

! ! !! !!


3. TOWARDS!FI/PPP!INNOVATION!AND!BUSINESS!

ECOSYSTEM!!

In!order!to!realise!the!FI/PPP!overarching!vision!of!bringing!together!a!wide!range!of!vertical!domains!in!a!

generic,!yet!flexible!way!through!GEs!and!SEs,!an!advanced!business!and!innovation!ecosystem!thinking!is!

needed.!Innovators!in!an!advanced!and!integrated!ecosystem!must!be!easily,!quickly!and!at!low!cost!able!to!

combine!generic!and!specific!enablers! to!create! innovative!applications!and!services! for! their! customers.!

Opening!of!FI! specific!and!generic!enablers! to!SMEs!and!other!3rd!parties!will!be!critical! in!the!successful!

exploitation! of! the! Future! Internet! platform! and! its! underlying! technological! capabilities.! This! paper!

outlines! a! first! framework! for! how! a! platform! for! stimulating! a! sustainable! business! and! innovation!

ecosystem!can!be!instigated.!!

The! FI! Platform! and! Use! Cases! follow! a!more! advanced! economic! logic! than! traditional! platform! based!

business!ecosystems.!While!traditional!ecosystems!follow!the!rationale!of!linear!bilateral!exchange,!the!FI!

Core! Platform! and! Use! Cases! bring! together! multiple! groups! of! stakeholders! capable! of! exploiting! the!

platform!from!multiple!points!(or!sides).!!

Since!the!body!of!literature!on!multi/sided!platforms!is!still!in!its!infancy,!we!introduced!a!novel!approach!

that!extends! the!economics!of! “traditional”! firms! into! complex!and! interconnected!group!of! stakeholder!

firms,!in!order!to!understand!better!the!Future!Internet!multi/sided!platform!and!its!surrounding!business!

and! innovation! ecosystem.! Figure! 3! presents! a! stylized! view! of! such! a! multi/sided! platform! with! key!

components,!stakeholders,!technical!enablers,!and!end!use!applications.!!In!the!following,!key!components!

of! the! technical! and! business! ecosystem! are! elaborated! and,! where! possible,! are! connected! to! the!

instances!presented!by!the!Use!Case!Projects.!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ! !! !!


!

!

!

!

FIGURE!3:!FI/PPP!TECHNICAL!AND!BUSINESS!ECOSYSTEM!OVERVIEW!

3.1. FI!COMPONENTS!

FI#Core#Platform!

Technical! Generic! Enablers! developed!within! the! FI! Core! Platform! form! the! basis! of! the! FI/PPP! end/use!

service!delivery.!Based!on!the!inputs!from!Use!Case!Projects,!a!sample!mapping!of!GEs!for!Phase!1!of!FI/PPP!

is!derived!in!Table!1.!For!exhaustive!list!of!GE!enabler!mapping,!please!refer!to!the!FIWARE12!Project.!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!12!www.fi/ware.eu!!

! ! !! !!


TABLE!1:!SUBSET!OF!GENERIC!ENABELERS!IN!PHASE!1!

Use#Case#Name# Sample!Generic!Enablers/Chapters!

ENVIROFI# GE/APPs,!GE/Data,!GE!/!IOT,!GE/Cloud,!GE/Security!

FI5CONTENT# Secure!Ath!for!Data!Exchange,!Content!protection!

FINEST# GE/Security,!GE/IOT,!GE/APPs,!GE/!Data!

SMART#AGRIFOOD# GE/IOT,!GE/Data!

INSTANT#MOBILITY# GE/Data,!GE/Identity,!GE/Content!Broker,!GE/Location!Monitoring,!GE/APP!

!

From! a! business! standpoint,! the! FI! Core! Platform! comprises! of! multiple! stakeholders! (software!

corporations,!developers,! integrators)! responsible! for!developing,! testing,!provisioning!and! implementing!

Generic!Enablers.!These!potential!stakeholders!are!represented!in!the!Figure!4!as!Actor!1,!Actor!2!and!Actor!

3.!Distinctly,!three!possible!configurations!of!ownership!are!foreseen:!

• Actor!1!provides!and!maintains!an!entire!FIWARE!chapter!of!generic!enablers.!

• Actor!2!provides!and!maintains!key!generic!enablers!in!multiple!FIWARE!chapters.!

• Actor!3!provides!and!maintains!only!an!individual!generic!enabler!in!a!specific!FIWARE!chapter.!!

!

!

FIGURE!4:!FI!CORE!PLATFORM!/!ACTOR!MAPPING!

While!these!stakeholders!(Actor!1,!Actor!2!and!Actor!3)!are!independent!in!developing!individual!offering!

for! service! development,! in! cases! where! FI! services/applications! require! interplay! between! multiple!

enablers,! establishing! clear! and! straightforward! service! level! agreements! between! these! stakeholders!

becomes!critical.!These! interdependencies!are!even!more!pronounced!when!considering!holistic!business!

model! configurations.! In! the! following! Section! 3.2,! we! delve! deeper! in! to! these! issues! when! exploring!

possible!business!model!configurations!for!FI/PPP.!!

FI5Specific#Enablers#

Specific!Enablers!are!domain/specific!technology!components!developed!and!implement!by!individual!Use!

Case!projects.!Based!on!the!inputs!from!Use!Case!Projects,!a!sample!mapping!of!SEs!for!Phase!1!of!FI/PPP!is!

derived!in!the!form!of!Table!2.!

! ! !! !!


TABLE!2:!SUBSET!OF!SPECIFIC!ENABLERS!IN!PHASE!1!

Use#Case#Name# Sample!Specific!Enablers!

ENVIROFI# SE/OGC,!SE/VGI,!SE/TAG,!SE/Fusion,!SE/GEO!Services!

FI5CONTENT# Payment,!Device!Management,!Repository!and!Meta!Data,!Sync!&!Publication!!

SMART#AGRIFOOD# Identification,!Certification,!Business!Relations,!Production!Information!

!

While! these! specific! enablers! are! developed!within! the! context! of! single!Use! Case! project,! eventually,! a!

cross/use/case!usage!of!these!specific!enablers!is!foreseen!in!Phase!2!and!Phase!3!trials.!If!such!a!cross/use/

case!usage!would!come!into!play,!clear!service!level!agreements!and!licensing!models!have!to!be!conceived!

between!the!stakeholders! represented!as!Actor!4!and!Actor!5.!Distinctly,! two!possible!configurations!are!

foreseen:!

• Actor!4!provides!and!maintains!a!domain!specific!enabler.!

• Actor!5!provides!and!maintains!multiple!domain!specific!enablers!in!cross/use/case!projects.!

!

!

FIGURE!5:!FI!SPECIFIC!ENABLERS:!ACTOR!MAPPING!

FI5PPP#App#Ecosystem#

FI/PPP! multi/layered! platform! should! provide! the! necessary! building! blocks! for! enabling! a! robust!

application! ecosystem.! Many! mobile/web! applications! are! already! in! place,! and! the! platform! is! set! to!

produce! new! B2B/B2C! applications! hence! becoming! the! engine! for! driving! up! real/time! data! usage! and!

enterprise!service!delivery.!Bubbles!in!the!ecosystem!showcase!applications!that!could!further!be!classified!

on!multiple!criteria!shown!in!below:!

• App! Target:! B2B! –! Business! to! Business,! B2C! –! Business! to! Customer,! B2G! –! Business! to!

Government,!C2C!–!Customer!to!Customer#

• App!Type:!Web,!Mobile,!Rich!Internet,!and!Services!!

• App!Revenue!Model:!Premium,!Freemium,!Free,!Pay/per/use,!Sponsorship#

Based! on! the! inputs! from!Use! Case! projects,! a! sample!mapping! of! applications! for! Phase! 1! of! FI/PPP! is!

derived!in!the!form!of!Table!3.!

!

! ! !! !!


TABLE!3:!SUBSET!OF!APPLICATIONS!DEVELOPED!WITH!IN!PHASE!1!

Use#Case#Name# Sample!Specific!Enablers! Type! Business!Model!

OUTSMART# Smart!Traveller!Case! Mobile! Freemium/Sponsorship!

ENVIROFI# Bio/Diversity!App! Web/Mobile! Premium!

INSTANT#MOBILITY# Personal!Travel!Companion! Mobile! Freemium/Premium!

!

While! many! of! these! applications! are! developed! within! the! framework! of! each! use! case! project,! other!

applications! developed! by! Small!Medium! Enterprises! and!Web! Entrepreneurs!would! require! clear! usage!

and!delivery!agreements.!Thanks!to!multi/entry!nature!of!FI/PPP!platform,!SMEs!and!WEs!can!now!develop!

applications!using!combinations!of!Generic!Enablers/Specific!Enablers,!Generic!Enablers!only,!and!Specific!

Enablers!only.!!

End#Customer#

Depending! on! the! type! of! application,! End! Customers! can! be! small! business! owners! to! large! network!

operators.!Based!on!the!inputs!from!Use!Case!Projects,!a!sample!mapping!of!end!use!customers!for!Phase!1!

of!FI/PPP!are!derived!in!the!form!of!Table!4.!!

!

TABLE!4:!SUBSET!OF!END!USE!CUSTOMERS!WITH!IN!PHASE!1!

Use#Case#Name# Target#Customer#Segments#

FI5CONTENT# Broadcasters,!Public!Libraries,!Publishing!Companies!

ENVIROFI# Municipalities,!Urban!Planners,!Eco/tourism,!Public!Sector!

INSTANT#MOBILITY# Travellers,!Citizens,!Public!Authorities!

OUTSMART# Utilities,!City!Authorities,!End!Users!

SMART#AGRIFOOD# Farmers,!Logistics!Firms,!Retailers,!Consumers!

!

In!conclusion,!based!on!the!analysis!of!the!technical!and!business!architectures!of!the!FI/PPP!core!platform!

(FI/WARE)!and!the!Use!Cases,! this! section!has!outlined!a!business!ecosystem!of! the!FI/PPP!platform.!The!

Ecosystem!comprises!technical!as!well!as!business!components!and!architectures!multiple! levels.!At!Core!

platform!level!a!number!of!GE!(clustered! in!Chapters)!are!developed!and!provided!by!actors!(classified! in!

three! generic! situations! /! one!or! several!GEs! can!be!developed!by!one!or! several! actors).!On! top!of! this!

there!is!a!layer!of!(initially)!domain!specific!enablers!(SE)!developed!within!each!use!case.!On!top!of!the!GE!

and/or!SE!developers!can!deploy!a!range!of!applications!to!a!wide!range!of!customer!groups.!The!dynamics!

of! this! application! development! is! key! for! the! commercial! success! of! FI/PPP,! i.e.! is! for! a! self/sustaining!

application! development! and! diffusion! ecosystem! to! emerge! on! top! of! the! platform.! In! the! following!

Section,! we! will! analyse! the! challenges! and! opportunities! for! the! creation! of! such! a! generic! platform!

! ! !! !!


business!model,!by! investigating!a!number!of!generic!configurations!for!application!development!and!the!

associated!challenges!and!opportunities.!!

! ! !! !!


3.2. FI!CONFIGURATIONS!!

The!FI/PPP!ecosystem!is!a!typical!example!of!a!convergent!multi/layered!platform,!where!stakeholders!from!

different! technological! and! service! domains! (telecommunication,! logistics,! software,! and! energy! etc.,)!

converge! to! co/innovate.! Therefore! the! focus! of! the! white! paper! lies! on! what! cooperation! forms! may!

emerge! between! the! different! business! stakeholders.! In! this! section,! cooperation! between! business!

stakeholders!are!explicitly!identified!and!a!first!view!of!generic!FI/PPP!value!networks!is!derived.!!

!

FIGURE!6:!ENTRY!POINTS!TO!THE!FI/PPP!ECOSYSTEM!

!

Building! on! the! technical! components! and! activities/functions! identified! in! Section! 2,! a! series! of! distinct!

business!model!configurations!are!identified!in!Figure!6!which!delineates!three!entry!points!to!the!FI/PPP!

ecosystem:!Entry!Point!#1,!Entry!Point!#2,!and!Entry!Point!#3.!It!is!to!be!noted!that!a!number!of!additional!

! ! !! !!


entry!points!to!the!FI/PPP!platform!are!also!viable,!but!for!the!sake!of!simplicity!we!chose!the!three!distinct!

business!model!configurations!as!follows:!

• Entry# Point# #1# –# Based# on# Combination# of# GEs# and# SEs:# [Customer]5[App]5[SE1# SE2…SEn]5[GE1#

GE2…GEn]#

• Entry#Point##2#–#Based#exclusively#on#SEs:#[Customer]5[App]5[SE1#SE2…SEn]#

• Entry#Point##3#–#Based#exclusively#on#GEs#only:#[Customer]5[App]5[GE1#GE2…GEn]#

In!the!figure,!the!lines!represent!business!relationships!between!cross/domain!stakeholders.!These!business!

relationships!sometimes!can!also!be!service!level!agreements!between!two!cross/domain!stakeholders,!e.g.!

SLA! between! Actor! 4! and! Actor! 3.! The! yellow! rounded! circles! depict! the! different! applications/services!

targeting!various!user!types!(more!info!in!Section!3.1).!Each!entry!point!involves!a!myriad!of!stakeholders!

responsible!for!specific!roles:!application!development,!GE!provisioning,!SLA!management!etc.!!

The!above!figure!will!be!used!as!the!basis!for!the!elaboration!of!the!business!model!configurations!and!the!

conclusion.! If!a!stakeholder!(actor)!adopts!many!roles!within!their!domain,!this!may!give!rise!to!a!case!of!

‘vertical! integration’,!which!will!have!an!effect!on!the!shape!of!cooperation!between!actors.!For!instance,!

Actor! 1! is! responsible! for! an! entire! chapter! of! FIWARE! generic! enabler.! If! the! same! actor! were! also!

responsible! for! various! Specific! Enablers! then! such! a! configuration! would! potentially! yield! a! vertically!

(and/or! horizontally)! integrated! business! model.! As! stakeholders! adopt! more! roles! across! different!

domains!(core,!specific!enablers,!apps),!the!intensity!of!cooperation!goes!down.!If!actors!do!not!vertically!

or! horizontally! integrate!disparate!business! roles,! they!will! have! to! create! service! level! agreements!with!

other! stakeholders! to! be! able! to! create! an! end/use! solution! (service! or! application).! Three! forms! of!

cooperation!are!distinguished!in!the!following!sub!section.!!

3.2.1. ENTRY!POINT!#1!–#BASED#ON#COMBINATION#OF#GES#AND#SES:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[SE1!SE2…SEN]/

[GE1!GE2…GEN]!

In! this! case,! this!generic!business!model! configuration! spans! from! the!customer! to!basic!generic!enabler!

provider!in!the!FI!Core!Platform.!The!configuration!leverages!on!the!cross/domain!cooperation!to!develop!

and!provision!end/use!services!to!business!via!B2B!services/apps!using!a!premium!revenue!model.!It! is!to!

be! noted! that! other! services/applications! targeting! customers! and! governments! as! also! possible! using!

freemium,!free/to/use,!and!pay/per/use!revenue!models!(see!Table!3).!!!

! ! !! !!


!

FIGURE!7:!ENTRY!POINT!#1!TO!THE!FI/PPP!ECOSYSTEM!

!While! Actor! 6! (e.g.,! SME,! web! entrepreneur,! other! corporations)! develops! a! Business/to/Business!

application!for!Grid!Owners!(Actor!7),!the!operational!viability!of!such!an!application/service!will!depend!on!

the! availability! and! licensing!of! Specific! and!Generic! Enablers! provided!by!Actor! 5,!Actor! 4,!Actor! 3,! and!

Actor!1!respectively.!!Not!drawn!on!the!picture—since!this!remains!food!for!further!discussion—is!the!flow!

of!revenues.!!

FINSENY'uses'Entry'Point'#1'to'develop'an'aggregator'platform'that'reduces'the'complexity'involved'in'management'and'operation'of'the'overall'electricity'network.'Interaction'between'the'stakeholders'takes'place'on'the'Electronic'

Market'Place'for'Energy.'

3.2.2. ENTRY!POINT!#2!–#BASED#EXCLUSIVELY#ON#SES:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[SE1!SE2…SEN]!

Another! alternative! approach! to! developing! and! delivering! innovative! FI! services! and! applications! is! via!

Entry! Point! #2! where! the! Actor! 6! builds! domain! specific! services/applications! for! its! customers.! In! this!

configuration,! Actor! 5! owner! of! a! Domain! Specific! Enabler! will! cooperate! with! other! cross/use! Specific!

Enabler!providers!to!provide!basic!building!blocks!needed!to!develop!mobile!applications!for!Agribusiness.!

As!of!now!cross/use/case!cooperation!and!sharing!of!Specific!Enablers!have!not!been!realized.!

! ! !! !!


! !


!

Given! the! opportunities,! Specific! Enabler! providers! must! harmonize! the! licensing! and! enabler! sharing!

mechanisms! across! FI/PPP! to! better! exploit! their! capabilities.! Such! a! harmonized! approach! to! use! of!

proprietary!Specific!Enablers!will!pave!the!way!for!SMEs!and!Web!Entrepreneurs!active!in!target!domains!

to!develop!niche!service!offerings!and!applications!for!target!customer!base.!Some!options,!which!should!

be!reviewed!by!FI/PPP,!are:!!

• packaging!and! licensing! subsets!of! SEs!based!on!use!case! internal!development! to!application!or!

platform!developers!(towards!Actor!6)!

• licensing!individual!SEs!to!system!integrators!(not!shown!here)!who!provide!system!integration!

services!based!on!SEs!to!application!developers!(Actor!6)!

• licensing!individual!SEs!to!application!developers!(Actor!6)!

In'Smart'Agrifood'Project,'new'Application'Developers'can'make'use'of'its'advanced'agrifood'related'domain'specific'enablers'to'develop'niche'agribusiness'applications'and'services'like'the'Smart'Farming'Services..''

3.2.3. ENTRY!POINT!#3–#BASED#EXCLUSIVELY#ON#GES#ONLY:![CUSTOMER]/[APP]/[GE1!GE2…GEN]!

A!third!alternative!to!approach!the!FI/PPP!business!ecosystem!is!via!Entry!Point!#3,!where!applications!and!

services!composed!using!Generic!Enablers!only!are!considered.!

! ! !! !!


!


!

In!this!configuration,!Actor!7!(application!provider)!leverages!on!Generic!Enabler!capabilities!of!the!FI!Core!

Platform! to! develop! services! and! applications! for! its! customers.! For! business! viability! of! such! a!

configuration,!Actor!1!(Owner!of!GE!Chapter)!and!Actor!2!(part!Owner!of!GEs)!need!to!establish!packaging!

and!licensing!rules.!Therefore!it!becomes!critical!that!straightforward!licensing!and!ownership!structure!for!

FI/WARE!Generic!Enablers!is!identified.!!Some!options,!which!should!be!reviewed!by!FI/WARE,!are:!!

• packaging! and! licensing! subsets! of! GEs! based! on! FI/WARE! and! in/house! developments! to!

application!or!platform!developers!(towards!Actor!6)!!!

• licensing!individual!GEs!to!system!integrators!(not!shown!here)!who!provide!system!integration!

services!based!on!GEs!to!application!developers!(Actor!6)!

• licensing!individual!GEs!to!application!developers!(Actor!6)!

FIWARE'with'its'Open'Innovation'Lab'and'GE'design'choices'now'aims'at'engaging'3rd'Party'Application'Developers'that'can'make'use'of'Generic'enablers'to'develop'applications'directly'For'more'information'on'FINWARE'and'Open'

Innovation'Lab'please'refer'to'the'Section'Error!%Reference%source%not%found..'

!!

!

! ! !! !!


4. CHALLENGES!&!DIRECTIONS!FOR!FI/PPP!ECOSYSTEM!

In! this!white! paper!we! developed! and! analysed! possible! business!model! configurations.! FI/PPP! business!

ecosystem!is!a!multi/layered!platform!with!more!than!one!entry!points.!In!this!paper,!three!distinct!entry!

points!to!the!FI/PPP!Ecosystem!are!identified!and!outlined.!Entry!Point!#1,!Entry!Point!#2,!and!Entry!Point!

#3!delineates!possible!business!model!configurations!that!highlight!several!value!network!choices!foreseen!

for!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem.!Its!sustainability!rests!on!the!one!hand!(1)!a!(statically)!viable!business!model!for!

all!stakeholders!in!the!value!network,!allowing!them!to!realize!gains!via!extended!economies!of!scale!and!

scope!provided!via!generic!and!specific!enablers!and!infrastructures,!and!(2)!on!the!other!hand!igniting!and!

sustainable!ecosystem!for!innovation,!through!stimulating,!providing!incentives!and!reducing!barriers!(i.e.!

increasing! the! innovative!opportunities)! for!development!of! innovative!applications!and!services,!notably!

by!SMEs!and!Web!Entrepreneurs.!!

Innovation!in!FI/PPP!occurs!mainly!through!creation!and!realization!of!new!value/added!networked!services!

and!applications!by!plethora!of! stakeholders! for!multiple! consumers.! In! such!a!highly!networked!market!

environment,! developing! a!balanced! view!on!both! technical! and!business!model! configurations! can!help!

managers! and! technology! developers! realize! the! true! potential! of! their! platform! along! with! underlying!

opportunities! and! challenges.! FI/PPP’s! Non/Linear! Innovation! Model! can! create! additional! synergies! for!

stakeholders! involved.! In!an!advanced!and!integrated!ecosystem,! innovators!must!easily!combine!generic!

and! specific! enablers! to! create! innovative! applications! and! services! for! their! customers.! Opening! of! FI!

specific!and!generic!enablers!to!SMEs!and!other!3rd!parties!will!be!critical!in!the!successful!exploitation!of!

the!Future!Internet!platform!envisaged!in!phase!2!and!3.!!

Another! key! feature! is! the! availability! and! performance! of! infrastructures! on! which! innovative! FI!

applications! and! services! could! be! tested! and! realized.! Today,! infrastructure! operators! own! or! control!

access! to! the! physical! resources! needed! by! a! Future! Internet! application.! These! resources! may! include!

communication! networks,! data! centre! facilities,! sensor! networks,! information! repositories,! and! people.!

Four!main!challenges!were!identified!for!infrastructures.!These!relate!to!(1)!increased!usage,!(2)!addressing!

security!concerns!and!trust,!(3)!improved!support!for!multiple!applications!and!(4)!clarifying!and!developing!

business!models!of!the!infrastructures!themselves.!

Harmonized!licencing!schemes,!market!reliability!throughout!clear!standardization!tracks,!clear!ownership!

structure,!and!value!proposition!towards!application!developers!and!end!customers!have!been!identified!as!

key!implications!of!engaging!with!FI/PPP!business!ecosystem.!!

Below!we!state!a!few!of!our!findings!in!details:!

• Harmonized! licensing! for! sharing! and! accessing!Generic! and! Specific! Enablers! is! critical! for! a!

sustainable!FI!application!ecosystem.!!The!functionalities!of!the!Generic!Enablers!will!be!driven!

by! requirements! from!Application/Service!developers.!Therefore,!FI/WARE!will!establish! tools!

! ! !! !!


and!processes!that!will!help!to!closely!collaborate!with!concrete!Use!Case!projects!dealing!with!

development!of!concrete!Application/Services.!!

• Clear! standardization! of! technologies.!With! rapid! diffusion! of! new! FI! technologies,! there! are!

too!many!substitutable!unstandardized!technologies!available!in!the!market.!!

• Ownership! structure! and! underlying! technology! transfer! issues!when!using!multiple!GEs! and!

SEs!must!be! identified!so!to!make! it!easier! for!3rd!Party!Application!Developers!to!participate!

and!engage!in!the!FI/PPP!ecosystem.!!!

• Clear!value!proposition!towards!end/customer!must!be!outlined!on!Use!Case!project!level.!!

This!whitepaper!(and!Phase!1!of!FI/PPP)!so!far!have!emphasized!on!achieving!a!viable!business!model!for!all!

involved!stakeholders.!This!work!will!continue!and!be!further!refined!through!the!exploitation!and!business!

modeling! activities! within! the! Phase! 2! of! FI/PPP.! However! it! is! also! key! to! further! investigate,! test! and!

validate! the! opportunities! and! challenges! for! FI/PPP! as! a! platform! for! a! sustainable! ecosystem! for!

innovation.!Although!further!work!is!needed!a!few!key!features!can!be!pointed!here:!

• Low!entry!barriers!for!application!developers!(via!multiple!entry!points)!are!crucial.!Partly!these!

entry!barriers!relate!to!costs!(e.g.! licence!fees)!but!also!to!other! issues!such!as!easy!of!entry,!

ease!of!finding!information!about!platforms!and!platform!components!(GE,!SE!etc.)!availability!

of!SDKs.!

• Related!to!this!point!is!the!need!for!the!FI/PPP!to!accommodate!for!rapid!configuration!of!end/

to/end!solutions.!Generating!automated!SLAs!and!Licensing! for!usage!of!Generic!and!Specific!

Enablers! would! enable! application! developers! to! configure! and! package! their! service!

dynamically.!

• The!platform!needs! to! facilitate! for!application!developers! to!generate!extract!a! fair! share!of!

the!value!being!created!!(revenue!models!and!revenue!sharing!models)!but!also!to!expend!the!

market!(establishing!markets!places!–!finding!customers,!e.g.!in!form!of!application!stores)!

• Sustainability!of!platform/GEs/SEs.!There!are!still!many! issues! relating! to! the!sustainability!of!

the! platform(s).! For! instance!what!will! happen! to! the! use! cases! after! the! completion! of! the!

Phase! 2! projects! in! 2015.!Who!will! operate! the! platform! and!maintain! the! platforms! and/or!

specific!enablers?!Who!will!maintain!and!further!develop!the!generic!enablers.!What!happens!

when!FI/PPP!program!is!concluded!in!2016?!Reducing!some!of!these!uncertainties!would!make!

it!more!attractive!for!MSEs!and!web!entrepreneurs!to!hook!up!to!FI/PPP!program!be!it!through!

the!Open!Innovation!lab,!Phase!2!projects!open!calls,!Phase!3!projects!open!call!and!eventually!

in!commercial!launch.!!

!!

!

Law

Future internet-business-ecosystems fi-ppp-white-paper1