INTRODUCTION TO GHS

Department of Occupational Safety and Health

SESSION OBJECTIVES

By the end of this session participants should be able to:

� Describe the background to the development of the GHS

� State the scope of GHS coverage

� State the target audience of GHS

� Describe the GHS building block

� Compare the differences between CPL and GHS classification, labelling and SDS requirements

2

SCOPE

� Definition of GHS

� History of GHS

� Objectives & Scope of GHS

� Why GHS?

� Principles of harmonization

� Target audience

� Benefits of GHS

� GHS Building Block

� Comparison of CPL with GHS

� Important GHS Websites

3

Definition of GHS

� GHS stands for Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

� A common & coherent (consistent) approach to

defining & classifying hazards, & a system to

ensure consistent world-wide hazard

communication through uniform hazard

information on labels & safety data sheets

4

History of the GHS

� 1989-90: ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention & Recommendations

� 1992, UNCED:Agenda 21, Chapter 19 – develop International Strategy for Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic Chemicals

� Identified six action programs including…

“Globally harmonized hazard classification & compatible labelling system including material safety data sheets & easily understandable symbols should be available, if possible, by the year 2000.”

5

History of GHS (cont.)

� 1992-2002 ( 10 years)

� Cooperative work of the OECD, UN Committee of experts on TDG, ILO, Governments & Industry

� 2002: Work completed, UN approved

� 2003: GHS document published- the “Purple Book”

� 2005:Revised edition

� 2007:Second revised edition

� 2009:Third revised edition

� 2011: Fourth revised edition

6

OBJECTIVE OF GHS

� Simple & transparent

� Self-classification as far as possible

� For many hazard classes: semi-quantitative or qualitative (requiring expert judgments)

� For some hazard classes: decision tree approach

7

SCOPE OF COVERAGE

� Workplace, transport & consumer sectors

� Cover industrial chemicals, pesticides, consumer chemical products

� Exceptions

� Pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, pesticide residues in food not covered for intentional intake

� Articles outside the scope of GHS

8

GHS-Primary Components

� Classification criteria

� Pure/Single substances

� Mixtures

� Labelling elements

� 6 elements

� Safety Data Sheets elements

� 16 elements

9

GHS -PURPLE BOOK3rd Edition (2009)

10

Why GHS?

� No country has ability to identify & specifically regulate every hazardous chemical product

� Adoption of requirements for info. to accompany product helps address protection needs

� Many countries came to same conclusion about using information dissemination as regulatory means to address chemical hazards

� Countries have different requirements for hazard definitions as well as information on a label or safety data sheet

� Impact of having different hazard classification & communication systems in the area of protection & trade

11

EUROPE

Harmful if swallowed

Gesundheitsschadlich beim Verschlucken

Nocif en cas d’ingestion

12

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

WARNING!

Harmful if Swallowed.

UN 1502; class 6

����13

Memudaratkan jika ditelan.

Harmful if swallowed.

MALAYSIAMALAYSIA

14

THAILANDTHAILAND

����

15

HARMONISATION FOR CLASSIFICATION & LABELLING

� Australia-Harmful

� India-Non-toxic

� Japan-Toxic

� US-Toxic

� Malaysia-Harmful

� Thailand-Harmful

� EU-Harmful

� New Zealand-Hazardous

� China-Not Dangerous

☯ Korea-Toxic

Acute oral

LD50 = 257 mg/kg

GHS classification: Acute toxic (oral) Category 3Symbol :

16

Benefits of Harmonisation

�Enhance protection of humans and environment

�Facilitate international trade in chemicals

�Reduce need for testing and evaluation

�Assist countries and international organizations to ensure the sound management of chemicals

17

18

Occupational Diseases Investigated by DOSH (2005-2012)

Type of Diseases 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1. Occupational Lung Disease 51 38 50 56 57 43 65 111

2. Occupational Skin Disease 57 30 192 70 53 78 81 48

3. Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Lost 190 106 120 169 427 467 514 956

4. Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder 10 22 18 31 57 30 55 95

5. Disease Cause by a Chemical Agent

(Poisoning)

139 116 117 41 61 15 31 58

6. Disease Cause by a Biological Agent 0 3 1 2 3 4 1 32

7. Occupational Cancer 0 2 1 3 2 0 3 1

8. Other Disease and Non-occupational Disease 4 45 47 81 2 24 17 36

TOTAL 451 362 546 453 662 661 767 1337

19

UK – HSE Annual Statistics Report 2011/2012

•111 164 other injuries to employees were reported under

RIDDOR, a rate of 445 per 100 000 employees.

Malaysia 331/100K ( UK 1.34 X higher)

173 workers were killed at work, a rate of 0.6 per 100 000

workers. Malaysia 4.6/100 K (7.7 times higher)

•27 million days were lost overall (17 days per case),

22.7 million due to work-related ill health and

4.3 million due to workplace injury

(Work related ill health 5.3 X workplace injury in contributing to

days lost ).

Compensation Paid By SOCSO ( 2007-

2009)

Chemical Exposure Related Diseases

20

Chemical Related Diseases Reported to

SOCSO 2007-2009

Increased

191.42 % -

2 Years

35

102

63

Year

21

Types of Compensation and

Percentage of Workers Getting Compensation

Year

Benefit

TotalTemporary

Dis

Permanent

Dis

2007Comp.

Yes 8 1 9No 24 2 26

Total 32 3 35

2008Comp.

Yes 9 10 19No 36 8 44

Total 45 18 63

2009Comp.

Yes 0 13 13No 75 14 89

Total 75 27 102

TOTALYES 41

%20.50

NO 159 79.5022

23

Access Legal from Shoosmiths associate and

personal injury specialist Philip Baldwin said:

"Despite having one of the best health and

safety records in the world, there were still 180

workplace fatalities in the UK in 2008/09, and

around 4,000 cancer deaths due to past asbestos

exposure.

2012- MITI REPORT

1/27/2015

Petrochemical and Chemical Products= RM 185.3 b

(26.4%)

Ease of Doing Business Ranking 2012-World Bank

1/27/2015

MALAYSIA

NO KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR RANKS (2012/2013)

1 Global Competitiveness Index (World Economic Forum)

25/144

2 Ease of Doing Business(World Bank)

6/185

3 Environmental Performance Index EPI(Yale University)

25/132

4 International Tourist Arrival (UNWTO) 10 (24.7 million )

• Basel Convention ( Control of trans boundary movement of hazardous waste)– ratified on 8th October 1993– DOE Malaysia is designated as the competent authority– Export / import through Customs shall be accompanied by a permit issued by DOE

• Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade – ratified on 4th September 2002

• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants – active involvement in activitiesunder this convention

• Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use ofChemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapon Convention )

• The Minamata Convention on Mercury -designed to protect human health and theenvironment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercurycompounds

• ILO’s “Safety in the use of chemicals” Convention & Recommendations

COVERAGE OF GHS

Industrial workplace

Consumer chemicals

Pestic

idesT

ran

sp

ort

Labelling

Classification

SDS

Transport

workers

Workers

SUBSTANCES

MIXTURES

28

BACKGROUND TO GHS IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA

� 2002- GHS introduced at ASEAN-OSHNET Workshop in KL

� 2004- MITI organized GHS seminar with APEC Chemical Dialogue

� 2005: Setting of Committee to draft CLASS Regulation

� 2006- initial target date for voluntary adoption by APEC

� 2006- National Coordinating Council for GHS Implementation

� 2006/7: Translation 1st Revised Ed. into Bahasa Malaysia

� 2008-target date by World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) for voluntary adoption globally; revised target date by APEC

� 2008: Malaysian Standards on GHS published

� 2008/10: Translation 3rd Revised Edition into Bahasa Malaysia

� 2011: GHS/ CLASS National wide Promotional programme

� 2012: Finalize CLASS & ICOP CLASS

� 2013: CLASS Gazette

29

IMPLEMENTATION OF GHS IN MALAYSIA

SECTOR LEAD AGENCY

1. Industrial

Workplace

Department of Occupational

Safety and Health (DOSH)

2. Pesticides Pesticides Board, Ministry of

Agriculture

3. Transport Ministry of Transport

4. Consumer

Products

Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-

Operatives and Consumerism

GHS BUILDING BLOCK

� Building Block Approach� Hazard classes are building blocks

� Competent authorities (CA) may decide which hazard classes apply

� For given hazard class, CA may not apply all categories

� Classification criteria such as cut-off values for adopted hazard categories should not be altered

� CA to adopt at least the highest hazard category (cat. 1) for a particular hazard class

� If >1 hazard category adopted, hazard categories to form an unbroken sequence

31

GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Hazard Class

Explosives Unstable Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6

Flammable Gases 1 2

Flammable Aerosols 1 2

Oxidizing Gases 1

Gas Under Pressure

Compressed Gases 1

Liquefied Gases 1

Refrigerated Liquefied Gases 1

Dissolved Gases 1

Flammable Liquids 1 2 3 4

Flammable Solids 1 2

Self Reactive Substances Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G

Pyrophoric Liquids 1

Pyrophoric Solids 1

Self Heating Substances 1 2

Water reactive->Flammable Gases 1 2 3

Oxidizing Liquids 1 2 3

Oxidizing Solids 1 2 3

Organic Peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G

Corrosive to Metals 1

Hazard Category

32

GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:HEALTH HAZARDS

HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY

Acute Toxicity (oral) 1 2 3 4 5

Acute Toxicity (dermal) 1 2 3 4 5

Acute Toxicity (inhalation) 1 2 3 4 5

Skin Corrosion/Irritation 1A, 1B, 1C 2 3

Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation 1 2

Respiratory Sensitization 1A, 1B

Skin Sensitization 1A, 1B

Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A, 1B 2

Carcinogenicity 1A, 1B 2

Reproductive Toxicity 1A, 1B 2 Effects on or via lactation

Specific Target Organ Toxicity(single) 1 2 3

Specific Target Organ Toxicity(repeated) 1 2

Aspiration Hazard 1 2

33

GHS BUILDING BLOCKS:ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY

Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Acute) 1 2 3

Hazardous to Aquatic Environment (Chronic) 1 2 3 4

Hazardous to the Ozone Layer 1

34

CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICOCHEMICAL

1. Explosive

2. Oxidizing

3. Extremely flammable

4. Highly flammable

5. Flammable

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

1.Explosives

2. Oxidizing Liquids3. Oxidising Solids4. Oxidising Gases

5. Organic Peroxides

6. Flammable Gases7. Flammable Aerosols 8. Flammable Liquids 9. Flammable Solids

10. Gases under Pressure

11. Self-Reactive Substances

12. Pyrophoric Liquids13. Pyrophoric Solids

14. Self-Heating Substances

15. Substances which on contact with water emits

flammable gases

16. Corrosive to Metals

CPL GHS

35

CLASSIFICATION

HEALTH EFFECTS

1.Very toxic

2.Toxic

3.Harmful

4.Corrosive

5.Irritants

HEALTH HAZARD CLASSES

1.Acute Toxicity

2. Germ Cell Mutagenicity

3. Carcinogenicity

4. Reproductive Toxicity

5.Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single)

6. Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated)

7.Skin Corrosion/Irritation

8.Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation

9.Respiratory Sensitisation

10.Skin Sensitisation

11. Aspiration Hazard

GHSCPL

36

CLASSIFICATION

� No classification for environmental hazards

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD CLASSES

1.Hazardous to Aquatic Environments

(acute)

2. Hazardous to Aquatic Environment

long term (chronic)

3. Hazardous to the ozone layer

CPL GHS

37

LABELLING ELEMENTS

LABEL ELEMENTS

1.Name of hazardous chemical

2.Details of supplier

3. Danger symbols & indication of danger

4.Nature of special risks

5. Safety precautions

LABEL ELEMENTS

1.Chemical identifier/ingredient disclosure

2. Supplier identification

3. Hazard pictograms

4. Hazard statements

5. Precautionary statement

6. Signal words

CPL GHS

38

HAZARD SYMBOL/PICTOGRAM

CPL HAZARD SYMBOLS (6)

Color: 5GHS HAZARD PICTOGRAMS (9)

!

39

SIGNAL WORD

� No signal words � DANGER

� For severe hazards

� WARNING

� For less severe hazards

CPL GHS

40

HAZARD STATEMENTS

R-phrase Risk Phrase

R12 Extremely flammable

R25 Toxic if swallowed

R27 Very toxic in contact

with skin

R43 May cause

sensitisation by skin

contact

H-code Hazard Statement

H220 Extremely flammable gas

H301 Toxic if swallowed

H310 Fatal in contact with skin

H317 May cause an allergic

skin reaction

CPL RISK PHRASES GHS

41

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

S-phrase Safety Phrases

S2 Keep out of reach of children.

S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking

S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of.....(to be specified by the manufacturer)

P-code Precautionary Statement

P102 Keep out of reach of children.

P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame. -No smoking.

P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

CPL SAFETY PHRASES GHS PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

42

COMPARISON OF SDS: CPL VERSUS GHS

1. Product and company information

2. Hazards identification

3. Composition information on ingredients

4. First aid measures

5. Fire fighting measures

6. Accidental release

7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure controls, personal protection

9. Physical, chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Disposal considerations

14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information

CPL 1997

1. Product, company identification

2. Composition information on ingredient

3. Physical, chemical properties

4. Hazards identification

5. First aid measures

6. Fire fighting measures

7. Accidental release measures

8. Handling and storage

9. Exposure controls, personal protection

10.Stability and reactivity

11. Toxicological information

12. Ecological information

13. Disposal considerations

14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information

16. Other information

GHS

43

Important GHS Websites (1)

� UN ECE GHS 3rd Revised Edition� http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/

03files_e.html� UN ECE Transport of Dangerous Goods

� http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm� UNITAR/ILO Capacity Training Programme

� http://www.unitar.org/cwg� New Zealand ERMA

� http://www.ermanz.govt.nz� European Chemicals Bureau: Classification and Labelling

� http://ecb.jrc.it

44

Important GHS Websites (2)

� OECD Classification and Labelling� http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_3

4371_1_1_1_1_1,00.html

� ILO Classification and Labelling� http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework

/chemsfty/ghs.htm

� WSSD Global Partnership for Capacity Building to Implement GHS� http://www.unitar.org/cwg/ghs_partnership/index.htm

45

46

PRE-CLASS IMPLEMENTATION STUDIES

1. Comprehensibility Testing (CT) in

Industrial Workplace-

DOSH & UKM

2.CPL vs CLASS: Malaysian Suppliers’

Perspective- DOSH

47

Results for CT in Industrial Workplace : Most

Recognized PictogramPictogram Description of the pictogram Other meanings given by

respondents

• Explosive

Results for CT in Industrial Workplace: Least

Recognized Pictogram Pictogram Description of the pictogram Other meanings given by

respondents

• Harmful;

• Bottle;

• Gas cylinder;

• Danger if swallowed;

• Bomb;

• Acid;

• Unstable gas;

• Drum;

• Needle;

• Do not spill;

• Explosive;

• Cannot consume (eat);

• Handphone;

• Oxidising agent;

• Don’t worry;

• Explode under pressure;

• Danger;

• Oxidize gas;

• Feather;

• Cannot place the gas

cylinder horizontally; and

• Firecracker

Readiness of Compliance to CLASS

201X50

68%

32%

Ready to comply

Not ready to comply

Reasons Given by Suppliers

Ready to comply Not ready to comply

� Facilitate international trade

� Headquarters of the companies overseas have already use GHS and are willing to help the Malaysian counterpart

� Committed in preserving the safety and health of workers

� Time consuming

� High adaptation cost

� Lack of exposure and understanding to GHS and CLASS 201X

51

Status of GHS implementation

(for industrial workplace)

Countries 2010 2013

Brunei No No

Cambodia No No

China Yes Yes

Indonesia Yes Yes

Japan Yes Yes

Korea Yes Yes

Lao PDR No No

Malaysia No Yes

Myanmar No No

Singapore Yes Yes

Thailand No Yes

Vietnam Yes Yes

53

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