Organizationl Behaviour in an Engineering Sector Organization

Organizational BehaviorMs. Faiza Rasheed

Institute of Business & ManagementUniversity of Engineering &Technology,

Lahore

Organizational Behavior In An Engineering Organization

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Saquib Akram ExMBA-SPR13-002

Kamran Saqib EMBA-SPR13-001

Adil Rashid EMBA-SPR13-005

Iftikhar Haider ExMBA-SPR13-001

Group Members

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUROrganizational Behaviour is a field of study that

investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within an organization.

What does it study?It studies three determinants of behavior in organization

Individuals, Groups, Structure

Applying such knowledgeOB applies knowledge about individuals, groups and the

effect of structure on behavior in order to make organization work more effectively.

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CONTRIBUTING DICIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OBPsychology

Sociology

Social psychology

Anthropology

CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OBBehavioral Science Contribution Unit of

AnalysisOutput

Psychology

Sociology

Social psychology

Anthropology

LearningMotivationPersonalityEmotionsPerceptionTrainingLeadership

Job satisfactionDecision makingPerformance appraisalAttitudeSelectionWork designStress

Group dynamicsWork teamsCommunication

PowerConflictIntergroup Behaviour

Formal organizational theoryOrganizational technology

Organizational changeOrganizational culture

Behavioural changeAttitude changeCommunication

Group processesGroup decision making

Comparative values & attitudesCross culture analysis

Organizational culture &environment

Individual

Group

Organization System

Study ofO B

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Organizational Behavior

Organizational Structure

Organizational Environment

Organizational Culture

PersonalityPerception

Communication

Job Attitudes

& Job Satisfactio

nMotivation

Decision Making

Management & Leadership

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Based on project requirement of Multinational large or medium size organization, we identify:

National Engineering Services (pvt.) Ltd. Pakistan

NESPAKIt is one of largest consultancy firm and has its roots in Asia and Africa

Organization

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NESPAK was established in 1973 as a private limited company by the Government of Pakistan.

NESPAK is Pakistan’s premier consultancy organization.

It is ranked amongst the world’s top 200 consulting firms.

The objective of its creation was to create a pool of talented engineers, attain self-reliance in engineering consultancy and replace foreign consultants.

Introduction

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Water Resource & AgriculturePower & MechanicalEnvironmental and Public Health EngineeringHighways & Transportation EngineeringArchitecture & PlanningConstruction ManagementStructural EngineeringGeotechnical & Geo Environmental

Engineering

Divisions

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Computer ApplicationContracts ManagementEconomic Studies Building Services & HVAC

Regional Offices in Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi

Specialty Divisions

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Organizational Behaviour

Organizational

Structure




Communication

Job Attitudes

& Job Satisfactio

nMotivation

Decision Making


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NESPAK is a multi-disciplinary consulting company that has evolved a Divisional Organizational Structure suited to its specific needs.

Divisional Structure: Type of Departmentalization in which positions are

grouped according to similarity of products (projects) or services.

Simplified coordination across functions.Strong Customer OrientationAccurate performance measurement and broad training

in management skills

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

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Organizational

Environment



Communication

Job Attitudes

& Job Satisfactio

nMotivation

Decision Making


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EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Customers

CompetitorsPublicPressureGroups

NESPAK

GeneralEnvironment

SpecificEnvironment

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SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTForces that have direct and immediate effect

on Manager’s decisions and actions.

Customers- Clients (Public & Private Sectors)

Competitors-companies like ECSP, ACE, EA

Pressure Groups- Government Authorities & Stakeholders

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GENERAL ENVIRONMENTBroad conditions that may effect the

organization.Political Conditions-Federal and Local Laws, Political StabilityEconomic Conditions-Interest Rates, Inflation, Business Cycle StagesTechnological Conditions-Scientific & Industrial InnovationsGlobal Conditions-International exposure & Competitors

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Communication

Job Attitudes

& Job Satisfactio

nMotivation

Decision Making


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Organizational Culture:Organizational culture refers to a system of shared

meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations.

Characteristics of Organizational Culture in NESPAK: The organizational culture is Strong and Dominant.

Following are its characteristics:-Attention to Details-Outcome Orientation-Team Orientation-Aggressiveness-Stability

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

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Communication

Job Attitudes

& Job Satisfactio

nMotivation

Decision Making


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PERSONALITY Type A Personality:

Strive to think or do two or more things at once.

Cannot cope with leisure time.Are obsessed with numbers, measuring

their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

Personality Job-Fit:Conventional rule regulatedPracticalUnimaginative Inflexible

Locus of Control: Internal-They control what happens to them

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Organizational Behavio

ur




Personality

Perception Communication

Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction

Motivation

Decision Making


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PerceptionIndividuals organize and

interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself

Perception Errors in NESPAK:Contrast Effect: Affected by

comparisons with other individuals recently encountered

Stereotyping Judging someone on

your perception

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ur




Personality



Motivation

Decision Making


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JOB ATTITUDE & JOB SATISFACTIONJob Attitude:

Favorable or unfavorableManagers only concerns about the Work related attitude

Job Satisfaction:Individual’s overall attitude towards his or her job

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FACTORS TO JOB SATISFACTIONRewards System

Work Recognition

Supervisory Behavior

Working Conditions

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ur




Personality



Motivation

Decision Making


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MOTIVATIONProcesses that accounts for

individual’s effort towards attaining a goal.

Key Elements of Motivation:

Intensity

Direction

Persistence

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Motivation: TWO FACTOR THEORY

Focuses on sources of work satisfaction and on how to design the job to make the work itself more enriching and challenging (Locke and Latham, 2004).

The Motivator – Hygiene theory builds on a theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

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TWO FACTOR THEORY: NESPAK

Hygiene Factors– Extrinsic & Related to

Dissatisfaction

Motivation Factors– Intrinsic and Related

to Satisfaction

Hygiene Factors:•Salary(Pay)•Supervision•Company Policies•Work Conditions

Motivators: •Promotion•Achievement•Growth•Recognition

• Hygiene factors help to prevent dissatisfaction• Motivators help to promote satisfaction

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MOTIVATOR FACTORSPromotion -With experience, Annual Performance

ReportsAchievement- Successful Target Completion, self

motivationGrowth-High performance lead to new trainings

& skill developmentRecognition-Bonuses, Leave For Approvals

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HYGIENE FACTORSSupervision-Rigid Behavior of Managers, Relationship with

peers and subordinates

Salary- Pay according to Grades in hierarchy, Increment

Contract wise.

Company Policies- Strict adherence to company policies, mostly

applicable to Lower Management

Work Condition- Favoritism, Grouping among Top Managers, Non-

Supportive peers

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MOTIVATION IMPROVING FACTORS

The methods applied in NESPAK are described as under:

Job Enrichment

Employee Involvement

Job Sharing

Rewards

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r




Personality



Motivation

Decision Making


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Upward

Downward

Lateral

Organizational COMMUNICATIONIn all the divisions of NESPAK,

Communication is done To control the taskTo share informationTo motivate employees

Conventional and Analogous communication process.

The flow of communication is both vertical and lateral.

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Communication Processes

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COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN NESPAKSender- Project Managers, Vice PresidentsEncoding- Message with Job Instructions, Documentations,

Drawings Channels-Through Memos, Letters, Notices, Routing SlipsReceiver- Received by individuals, teams or groupsDecoding-Understand the nature of instructions and implementNoise-Avoid additional information.Feedback-Confirmation of receiving the message

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r




Personality



Motivation

Decision Making


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Decision MakingNESPAK being semi-public sector organization, so the

decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization making it a Centralized and formalized organization.

Characteristics:Environment is stable.Lower-level managers are not as capable or experienced

at making decisions as upper-level managersLower-level managers do not want a say in decisions.Effective implementation of company strategies depends

on managers retaining say over what happens.Standardized jobs and the extent to which employee

behavior is guided by rules and procedures.

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r




Personality



Motivation

Decision Making


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MANAGEMENT APPROACHNESPAK is a semi-public sector organizationBureaucratic style of management.The top management involves in decision

making.Middle Management plays the role of

supervisors and follows top management.Lower Management are executioners which

follows set of rules, procedures and hierarchy.

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LEADERSHIPIn NESPAK, there isDirective Leadership Style:

Have firm views about how and when things should be done

Leave little freedom for subordinates to display independence.

Expects that the methods and schedules as originally laid down shall be adhered.

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Set priorities, timely rewards for Employees.Job Enrichment and Employee’s involvement should be a priority.You cannot strict to one way of communication but you have to adopt

according to need for fast response and for effective work to increase the productivity.

Delegate more controls to Functional Managers for timely completion of tasks and projects.

Training programs for Employees showing great potential.Better communication has low chances of errors and healthy relationships

with employees be established.Relationship of an organization with its customers is very important, so the

employees should be properly trained for the process.Finally, support systems, computers, special equipments and software's can

be assigned to many projects, lowering the system cost.

Suggestions/ Comments

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Leadership & Management

Organizationl Behaviour in an Engineering Sector Organization