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7/15/2016 1Sanjika Perera
Individuals organize and interpret
their sensory impressions
in order to give meaning to their environment
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challenge what we perceive is substantially different
from the objective reality
• Peoples behavior
based on their perception of what reality is
• not on the reality itself
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Situation
TimeWork settingSocial setting
ReceiverAttitudesMotivesInterests ExperienceexpectationsTarget
MotionSounds SizeBack groundProximitySimilarity
Perception
Factors that influence perception
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We try to explain others behaviors
assume other people’s internal status
judge people based on our perceptions
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This is fundamental attribution error
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Selective perception
• Tendency to
selectively interpret
what one sees on
the based of ones
interests, back
ground, experience,
attitudes
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Halo effect
• Draw a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic
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Contrast effect
• Evaluation of a persons is not done in isolation, we compare he/she with people we recently encountered
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Stereotyping
• Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs
• This activates prejudice and discrimination
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• Employment Interviews-1st impression
• Performance expectations-people’s
behavior determine by others expectations
(Self Fulfilling Prophecy)
• Performance Evaluation-appraisals very
often subjective
Perception and Decision Making
Related?
• How?
Decision Making in OrganizationsRational Decision Making
Bounded Rationality
• Unconscious process created from
distilled experience
• Out side conscious thought
• Rely on holistic associations
• Links between disparate pieces of
information
• Human beings have difficulty dealing with
chance
• Believe we have some control over our
world or the destiny
• We try to create meaning out of random
events
( I do not take any important decision on Friday!)
• Individual Differences
• Personality
• Gender
• Mental Ability
• Utilitarianism – greatest good for greatest
number
• Consistence with fundamental liberties
and privileges
• Impose and enforce rules fairly and
impartially
Improving Creativity in Decision Making
Group Decision Making
Group think
• Group pressures for conformity
• Deter the appraisal of unusual, minority and unpopular views
• Dramatically hinder performance
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Group Shift or Group polarization
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Brain Storming
Nominal Group Technique
Electronic Meetings
Social Loafing
• Strengths of Group Decision Making
• Weakness of Group Decision Making
• Effectiveness and efficiency
