Division of Biotechnology

Prof. Nazir Ahmad Ganai

Professor & Head

SKUAST-K

Product Present Status (2001 AD) (Human population = 10 million)

Requirement in

2030 AD (Population = 20

million, at a growth

of 2.9% / annum)

Production

(Per capita

availability)

Requirement

(Per capita

requirement)

Deficie

ncy

Loss to

state

Exchequer

Requirem

ents in

2030

%

Increas

e

deman

d

Milk 13 lac T

(360 ml)

(280 ml)

26 lac T

52 lac T

200%

400%

Meat (Mutton,

Chevon,

poultry)

344 lac kg

(11g/person/day)

1100 lac kg

(34g/person/

day)

750 lac

kg

Rs 5250

million

2200 lac

kg

600%

Egg 600 million

(60

eggs/person/year

3600 million

365

eggs/person/

year

3000

million

Rs 6000

million

7200

million

1200%

Wool 67.1 lac kg

Total Value of Output from livestock

Rs 4,61,434 crore : ( 4614.34 billion) 2010-11

Equivalent to 28.4% of the value of output of Rs16,23,968 crore from total agricultural and allied sector.

Out put from milk alone (Rs 2, 62, 214.51 crore)

higher than paddy + wheat + sugarcane during 2010-11

Milk production: 102.6 million tonnes highest in world

Egg production: 63.0 billion

Poultry Meat: 190 MT (1990) to 3625 MT (2014)

Wool Production: 45.1 million kgs

Meat Production: 4.8 million tonnes

INTRODUCTION Why backyard poultry? Which genotype for temperate

conditions of Kashmir? Concerns Challenge Where is the raw material? What are the prospects? strategy

Why backyard poultry? Immediate reasons

Women empowerment

Over come protein malnutrition in rural children

Better acceptability of egg &meat of local poultry

Better pricing for egg &meat of local poultry

Long-term reasons

To supplement the commercial poultry to bridge the deficiency gaps of egg & meat Availability : 32 eggs and 0.75 kg poultry meat /person/year

Requirement: 180 eggs and 11 kg poultry meat /person/year

Gap : 6 times in layer, 14 times in brioler sector

Reduce the competition of poultry for food grains with man & livestock species

Organic poultry products- without any residual effects of drugs

Adaptable in the niche area Sustains the vagaries of the environment

Chilling / freezing snow winds during winter

Long & dry spells during summers

Escapes disease outbreaks Fairly tolerant to diseases

Does not need special & costly feed

formulations of commercial poultry: Energy Protein Ca : P Microelements Enzymes Antibacterial / antibiotics Growth promoters Coccidiostats

In-contrast thrives well and produces moderately by Feeding on kitchen waste Scavenging Free ranging Little supplementation

Does not require elaborate and special housing arrangement

In contrast, for commercial poultry every care is taken about Space

Humidity control

Thermoregulation

Proper ventilation

Type of flooring

Only vaccination against few important diseases like RKD, FC, Typhoid

Commercial poultry demands use of most advanced and costly Prophylaxis against a number of diseases from day zero

Chemotherapy against bacterial, viral, parasites

Low productivity 60-80 eggs / production season vs >300 eggs of

commercial layer varieties

Late maturity First egg at ~ 7 months of age vs 5 months

Slow growth rate 300 gms at 8th week vs ~1200 gms

Broodiness- frequent and prolonged

To evolve a dual purpose bird for backyard farming from the available local diverse gene pool, with following characteristics:

Adapts well to the given agro-climatic conditions

Moderate egg production; 120-160 eggs / hen / year

Growth rate: 800-900 gm at 8th week

Fairly tolerant to diseases

Tremendous diversity in Kashmir poultry in type, production, growth , disease resistance traits

Normally feathered birds ~87 % Naked neck birds ~12 %

Heterozygous N N Homozygous N N

Gul Hupch birds ~1 % Pure White strain Jet Black strain Barred Strain

Homozygous N N

Heterozygous N N

Feather Cap

Feather Cap

Present micro-economics:

Egg production from local poultry : 60 M eggs (10 lac layers (33 % of 30 lac X 60 eggs /hen)

Value of Eggs ( @ Rs 5 / egg ) : Rs 300 M

Meat (6 lac birds (20% of 30 lac X1 kg) : 6 lac kg

Value of meat ( @ Rs 240 /kg ) : Rs 140 M

Future Scope The Total value of the poultry returns can increase by 6

fold from Rs 340 M to Rs 2100 M , subject to: proper vaccination (to reduce mortality from 70 % to 30%)

increase of the egg productivity from 60 eggs to 120 eggs per bird per year from the wide genetic base existing

Lack of appreciation of the value of indigenous breeds and their importance.

More stress given to introduce exotic and cross breeds by A.I.

Changes in agriculture mixed farming systems, introduction of modern techniques and limited knowledge about traditional livestock husbandry practices.

Replacement of animal draught and transport by machinery.

Decline in economic viability of traditional livestock production systems and dual local breeds replaced by higher yielder.

Natural disasters such as, drought or famine, floods can result in loss of valuable local breed.

To ensure that the existence of this this bird is not threatened in future (like many other indigenous germplasms), the best way of its is to make it economically viable for its only custodian the ----farmer.

Genetic Improvement of disease resistant genotypes for

growth and production through selection out of the vast existing genetic base to evolve a dual purpose bird

vaccination (Organized, planned and timely) against RKD, Fowl Cholera will ensure a fast growth in population of this bird (almost double in few years)

Awareness among farmers about: Scientific Housing (to ensure ventilation and

sanitation) More Supplemental ration (Under backyard) to harvest

more gains from sale of meat and eggs