Safe Operating Procedures

Neeraj B. Pattani

Safe Operating procedures.

• Hazard identification.

• Risk assessment.

• Job safety analysis.

• Tool box talk.

• Post-incident review.

• Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc.

• Code on Regulations for Safe and Environmentally

Sound Ship Recycling

Hazard Identification

12 Different types to identified hazards1. Brainstorming2. Survey3. Interview4. Working Group 5. Experiential knowledge6. Documented Knowledge7. Risk Lists8. Risk Trigger Questions 9. Lessons Learned 10. Outputs from Risk-Oriented Analysis11. Historical Information 12. Engineering Templates

1. Brainstorming

Is a technique that is best accomplished when the approach is unstructured (the facilitator encourages random inputs from the group). Group members verbally identify risks that provide the opportunity to build on others’ ideas. To achieve the desired outcome, it is essential to select participants that are familiar with the topics discussed, relevant documentation is provided and a facilitator that knows the risk process leads the group.

2. Survey

A technique where lists of questions are developed to seek out risk in a particular area. A limitation of this method is that people inherently don't like to complete surveys and may not provide accurate information. The value of the surveys may be difficult to determine due to subjectivity in the answers or because of the focus of the questions themselves

3. Interviews

An effective way to identify risk areas. Group interviews can assist in identifying the baseline of risk on a project. The interview process is essentially a questioning process. It is limited by the effectiveness of the facilitator and the questions that are being asked.

The interview can be conducted before or after the brainstorming session. However if it is accomplished before the brainstorming session, the results should be shared with the group after they have provided their input to the risk list. If the interview (s) are completed after the brainstorming session has been completed, the list of risks should be provided to all participants for comment before they are added to the risk list.

4. Working Groups

Great way to analyze a particular area or topic in a discussion process to identify risks that may not be obvious to the risk identification group. The working group is usually a separate group of people working a particular area within the project that is conducting the risk identification.

5. Experiential Knowledge

The collection of information that a person has obtained through their experience. Caution must be used when using any knowledge based information to ensure it is relevant and applicable to the current situation.

6. Documented Knowledge

The collection of information or data that has been documented about a particular subject. This is a source of information that provides insight into the risks in a particular area of concern. Caution must be used when using any knowledge based information to ensure it is relevant and applicable to the current situation.

7. Risk Lists

Lists of risks that have been found in similar vessel and/or similar situations. Caution must be used when using this type of information to ensure it is relevant and applicable to the current situation.

8. Risk Trigger Questions

Lists of situations or events in a particular area of a municipality that can lead to risk identification. These are situations or areas where risks have been discovered while previous ship breaking. These trigger questions may be grouped by areas such as performance, confine spaces, trapped gas zone, flammable areas, etc.

9. Lessons Learned

Experiential knowledge that has been organized into information that may be relevant to the different areas within the organization. This source of information may guide you in identifying risk in vessel. Caution must be used when using this type of information to ensure it is relevant and applicable to the current situation.

10. Outputs from Risk-Oriented Analysis

There are various types of risk oriented analysis. Two such techniques are fault tree analysis and event tree analysis. These are top down analysis approaches that attempt to determine what events, conditions, or faults could lead to a specific top level undesirable event. This event with the associated consequence could be a risk for your program.

11. Historical Information

Is basically the same as documented knowledge. The difference is that historical information is usually widely accepted as fact.

11. Engineering Templates

Are a set of flow charts for various aspects of the development process. These templates are preliminary in nature and are intended as general guidance to accomplish a top down assessment of activities.

Risk Management

Assess Risk &

Determine Needs

Monitor &

Evaluate

Implement Policies, control &

Promote Awareness

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

•Risk Probability and Impact assessment

•Probability and impact matrix

•Risk categorization

•Risk urgency assessment

•Expert judgment

Risk Probability and Impact assessment

Investigating the likelihood that each specific risk will occur and the potential effect on a project objective (negative effects for threats and positive effects for opportunities), defining it in levels, through interview or meeting with relevant site worker and documenting the results.

Probability and impact matrix

Rating risks for further quantitative analysis using a probability and impact matrix, rating rules should be specified by the company in advance.

Probability and impact matrix

Risk categorization

In order to determine the areas of the project most exposed to Hazards or the effects of uncertainty. Grouping risks by common root causes can help us to develop effective risk responses.

Risk urgency assessment

In some qualitative analyses the assessment of risk urgency can be combined with the risk ranking determined from the probability and impact matrix to give a final risk sensitivity rating. Example- a risk requiring a near-term responses may be considered more urgent to address.

Expert judgment

Individuals who have experience with similar project in the not too distant past may use their judgment through interviews or risk facilitation workshops.

Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. In a JSA, each basic step of the job is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job.

Four basic stages in conducting a (JSA)

• Selecting the job to be analyzed

• Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps

• Identifying potential hazards

• Determining preventive measures to overcome these hazards

Selecting the job to be analyzed

Factors to be considered in setting a priority for analysis of jobs include:

• Accident frequency and severity: jobs where accidents occur frequently

or where they occur infrequently but result in disabling injuries.• Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an

accident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful substance are potentially severe.

•Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated.•Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job

procedures.•Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when

undertaking non-routine jobs.

Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps

After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work. See examples below.

Care must be taken not to make the steps too general. Missing specific steps and their associated hazards will not help. if they are too detailed, there will be too many steps. A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less than ten steps.

Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps

This part of the analysis is usually prepared by knowing or watching a worker do the job. The observer is normally the immediate supervisor.

Identify Potential Hazards

After the basic steps have already been recorded, more attention can now be focused on each potential hazards. At this stage, no attempt is made to solve any problems which may have been detected.

Identify Potential Hazards

To help identify potential hazards, the job analyst may use questions such as these ( this is not a complete list):

•Can any body part get caught in or between objects?•Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?•Can the worker make harmful contact with moving objects?•Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?•Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?•Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?•Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?•Is there a danger from falling objects?•Is lighting a problem?•Can weather conditions affect safety?•Is harmful radiation a possibility?•Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic substances?•Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapors in the air?

Identify Potential Hazards

Potential hazards are listed in the middle column of the worksheet, numbered to match the corresponding job step. For example:

Determine Preventive Measures

The final stage in a JSA is to determine ways to eliminate or control the hazards identified. The generally accepted measures, in order of preference, are:

•Eliminate the hazard

•Contain the hazard

•Revise work procedures

•Reduce the exposure

Eliminate the hazard

This is the most effective measure. These techniques should be used to eliminate the hazards:

•Choose a different process•Modify an existing process•Substitute with less hazardous substance•Improve environment (ventilation)•Modify or change equipment or tools

Contain the hazard

If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices.

Revise work procedures

Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources).

Reduce the exposure

These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. The use of appropriate special personal protective equipment may be required.

The recommended measures are listed in the right hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example:

Information should be available to all

Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are, or will be, performing that job. The side-by-side format used in JSA worksheets may not be an ideal one for instructional purposes. Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication format. For example…

Information should be available to all

For example…, the work procedure based on the partial JSA developed as an example in this document might start out like this:

1. Confined Space – No. 121• To avoid gas explosion or inhaling harmful gas link, open all the available

outlets to ventilate the confined space as much as possible.• Lighten the Confine space appropriately So that one can see the interior

of the confined space• Check the firmness of the flooring to avoid the falling apart.

2. Remove Moveable parts• Wear Safety Gear PPE to avoid any injuries while lifting moveable objects.

3. Dismantling the space using gas cutting techniques• Gas cutting torch and other accessories should be thoroughly checked to prevent

any accidents.

4. And so on.

Sample form for Job

Safety Analysis

Worksheet

Sample forms for Tasks and

Job Inventory

Sample forms for Tasks and

Job Inventory

Tool box talk

Tool box talkA toolbox talk is a short safety talk, normally delivered at the workplace (not a training room) and on a specific subject matter. It should be short ( 5 – 10 minutes) and too the point with a specific safety message. The objective is to raise awareness of a particular aspect of the work but to do it on a regular basis so that the good safety message is reinforced. Attendance should be recorded.

Post-incident review

Post-incident reviewThe post-incident review is one of the most neglected element of crisis management but one of the most crucial. It evaluates the organization's response to an incident and should be used to determine strengths and to identify and correct weaknesses. It covers the following key areas:

•What can be learned from the incident?

•What can be done to avoid repeating mistakes?

•How do you determine what is and is not working?

•What are the implications of the incident not only on you, but on your customers, employees, reputation and industry?

•Are revisions required to plans and procedures?

Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc.

Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc.

One should listen & categorized that particular mishap and term under following cases to gauge and review the safety measures:-

•Accident •Injury•Work-related•Workplace Incidents•Notifiable death•Serious injury / serious bodily injury•Dangerous Occurrence•Near Miss•Hazards

Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc. – contd.Any Accident, incident or near miss involving workers/ or visitor must be reported using an Accident and Incident Report Form. When reporting incident involving workers/ or visitor , the following procedures are recommended for Implementation:

1. Worker/or Visitor completes form or if incident occurs during a recycling work at site, the supervising staff member ensures that the Accident and Incident Report Form is completed.

2. Worker/or Visitor signs form and if first-aid is tendered then treating the First Aid officer signs the Accident/Incident Report form as well.

3. Original copy is to be forwarded to Company/Govt. Data Base centre, Photo Copies of the form should be given to the worker/or visitor.

4. Safety Officer assess whether incident is reported to WorkCover and /or if further investigation required.

5. Investigate incident if required.

6. Investigation report should be forwarded to Safety Officer, Company, Govt. body

7. Responsible parties action investigation recommendations if and when required.

8. Concern personal should analyze incidents.

Thank you

Neeraj Pattani