Upload
anwar2222
View
9
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.afKardan.edu.af
Course TitleCourse Title
Advanced Management & LeadershipAdvanced Management & Leadership
Teacher: Inamullah2
Recommended Book
LEADERSHIP:LEADERSHIP:Theory, Application, Skill DevelopmentTheory, Application, Skill Development
4th EditionBy
Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achua
Kardan University
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Who is a Leader?
Lecture 02
Kardan University
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
• For individual career success and organizational performance: the success of individual careers and the fate of organizations are determined by the effectiveness of leaders’ behavior.
• For employee recruitment and retention: the organization’s leaders must foster a leadership mentality throughout the organization.
• The past few years well-publicized corporate failures have pointed to the critical role that leadership plays in the success or failure of organizations.
Why Leadership is Important
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Defining Leadership
• No universal definition• Leadership is complex and thus hard to
define• Many different definitions
Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through changeto achieve organizational objectives through change
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Key Elements of Leadership
LeadershipLeadership
InfluenceInfluence
OrganizationalOrganizationalObjectivesObjectives
PeoplePeopleChangeChange
Leaders-Leaders-FollowersFollowers
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
• Is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change
• It is the essence of leadership• Managers may influence through coercion• Leaders influence by gaining followers’
commitment and enthusiasm
Influence
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
• Know when to lead and when to follow• Influence followers to support organizational
interests• Provide direction• Set challenging objectives and lead the
charge to achieve them• Influence change for continual improvement• Enjoy working with people
Effective Leaders
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Functions Performed by Managers
All managers perform four major All managers perform four major functions:functions:
• Planning• Organizing• Leading
– Thus, leadership is a part of every manager’s job
• Controlling
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Are All Leaders Managers?
• Manager = formal title and authority • Leader = person (manager or non-manager)
with influence• Follower = person influenced by a leader
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
• Most researchers say the answer is both.• Some are born with natural ability and
develop it.• Some are developed through effort and
hard work.• All people have potential leadership skills.• Organizations spend millions of dollars
every year to develop leadership skills of their employees.
Are Leaders Born or Made?
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Leadership Managerial Roles
• Henry Mintzberg identified ten managerial roles that leaders perform to accomplish organizational objectives.
• The managerial role categories are interpersonal, informational, and decisional.– The interpersonal leadership roles include figurehead,
leader, and liaison.– The informational leadership roles include monitor,
disseminator, and spokesperson.– The decisional leadership roles include entrepreneur,
disturbance-handler, resource- allocator, and negotiator.13
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Assignment 01
• Assignment 01 HENRI MINTZBERG'S MANAGERIAL ROLES-Format and Instructions.doc
Class Activity
14
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
IndividualIndividual
Organizational
Organizational
GroupGroup
Three Levels of Leadership Analysis
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Individual Level• This level focuses on the individual leader and
the relationship with individual followers• This can also be called the “dyadic process”• There is Reciprocal Influence at this level
Three Levels of Leadership Analysis
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Group Level• This level focuses on the individual leader and
the collective group of followers• This can also be called the “group process”• This level determines how leader contributes
to group effectiveness
Three Levels of Leadership Analysis
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Organizational Level• This level focuses on how the top
management influences organizational performance
• Individuals and teams together contribute to this level.
• This can also be called the “organizational process”
Three Levels of Leadership Analysis
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Interrelationships among the Levels of Analysis
• Group and organizational performance are based on individual performance
• Organizational performance is also based on group performance
• Both group and organizational performance also affect the performance of the individual
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
BehavioralBehavioral IntegrativeIntegrative
TraitTrait ContingencyContingency
The 4 Leadership Theory The 4 Leadership Theory Paradigms Include:Paradigms Include:
The 4 Leadership Theory The 4 Leadership Theory Paradigms Include:Paradigms Include:
Leadership Theory Paradigms
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Leadership Theory
• A leadership theory is an explanation of some aspect of leadership;
• Theories have practical value because they are used to better understand, predict, and control successful leadership.
• There are four major classifications of leadership theory, also called research approaches, used to explain leadership.
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Leadership Paradigm
• A leadership paradigm is a shared mindset that represents a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving, studying, researching, and understanding leadership.
• The leader- ship paradigm has changed in the 60 years during which it has been studied.
• The four major classifications of leadership theory all represent a change in leadership paradigm.
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Leadership Traits Theories
• Leadership trait theories attempt to explain distinctive characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness.
• Researchers analyzed physical and psychological traits, or qualities, such as high energy level, appearance, aggressiveness, self-reliance, persuasiveness, and dominance etc.
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Behavioral Leadership Theories
• Behavioral leadership theories attempt to explain distinctive styles used by effective leaders, or to define the nature of their work.
• Mintzberg’s ten managerial roles are an example of behavioral leadership theory.
• Behavioral research focuses on finding ways to classify behavior that will facilitate our understanding of leadership
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Both the trait and behavioral leadership theories were attempts to find the one best leadership style in all situations;
thus they are called universal theories.
All Rights Reserved to Kardan University 2014Kardan.edu.af
Contingency Leadership Theories
• Contingency leadership theories attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the leader, followers, and situation.
• The contingency theory paradigm emphasizes the importance of situational factors, including the nature of the work performed, the external environment, and the characteristics of followers.