ماضی بعید

گذشته کامل

past perfect :

had + past participles

Why past perfect?

Why past perfect?

• را زمانی به کار می بریم که بخواهیم در مورد ماضی بعیدقبل یا قبل از کار دیگریکاری صحبت کنیم که در گذشته

انجام شده باشد. یعنی معمول باید از دو از زمان خاصیکار صحبت کنیم که یکی زودتر انجام شده اما اگرتنها از یک کار که در گذشته انجام شده صحبت کنیم از ماضی

.ساده استفاده می کنیم

Pay attention:

:در فارسی

• (بن ماضی فعل صفت مفعولیدر زبان فارسی با استفاده از ماضی بعید ساخته می شود.مثل رفته بود – بودن+ ه) +

... نوشته بود و

ماضی بعید در زبان انگلیسی

در زبان انگلیسی که آن را گذشته کامل می نامند با استفاده •قسمت اول . ساخته می شود had + past participleاز

به معنی past participleو قسمت دوم hadفعل کمکی اسم " و بودن معادل فعل " had. فعل اسم مفعول

می باشد. صفت مفعولی هم همان مفعول

اسم مفعول

• به حا لت صفتی گذشته فعل اسم مفعول گفته می شود که در زبان فارسی هما ن صفت مفعولی است . در زبان انگلیسی

اسم مفعول آنها ساخته با قاعدهبه افعال d یا ed با افزودن هم باید شکل درست آنها را بی قاعدهمی شود برای افعال

از یک منبع معتبر پیدا کرده و از حفظ نمود. گاهی اوقات به اسم مفعول شکل سوم فعل هم می گویند. برای معنی

کردن اسم مفعولها معنی صفت مفعولی فعل مورد نظر در زبان فارسی را در نظر می گیریم

چند فعل با قاعده

• wash washed( pt ) washed ( pp ) • explain explained ( pt) explained ( pp )• invite invited ( pt ) invited ( pp ) • plan planned ( pt ) planned ( pp )• paint painted ( pt ) painted ( pp ) • clean cleaned ( pt ) cleaned ( pp )

: چند فعل بی قاعده

• see saw ( pt ) seen ( pp ) • take took ( pt ) taken( pp )• buy bought( pt ) bought ( pp ) • put put ( pt ) put( pp )• eat ate ( pt ) eaten ( pp ) • build built ( pt ) built( pp )

نشانه ها

( زیرا ) because(قبل از) و beforeکلمات ربط • ( تا until (بعد از) و after (وقتی که ) و whenو

زمانی که) می توانند به عنوان نشانه های ماضی بعید به کار بروند

:مهم

و بعد از انها ماضی ماضی بعیدwhen , beforeقبل از • ساده به کار می رود

وضعیت after , until , becauseاما در مورد •بعد از آنها برعکس است یعنی قبل از آن ماضی ساده و

. به کار می رودماضی بعید

Examples:

• 1- I had eaten a sandwich before I went to bed.• 2- She had cooked dinner before she watched TV.• 3- My mother had washed the dishes when I arrived.• 4- Reza had done his homework before he played

football.• 5- They had watched the news before they ate dinner.• 6- She had turned off the lamps before she went to

bed.• 7- she kept on until she had returned all the bananas.• 8- I went to bed after I had brushed my teeth.

More examples:

• 9- Reza was upset because he had lost his money.• 10- We were sorry because we had made a lot of

mistakes.• 11- He was happy because he had helped the old

man.• 12- They were upset because they had got bad marks.• 13- I was very tired because I had worked very hard.• 14- She was happy after she had finished her work.

:نکته

بعد از فعلهایی که یک جمله به عنوان مفعول به کار می •رود اگر فعل اصلی جمله گذشته باشد فعل جمله بعد از آن

می توند ماضی بعید باشد.

Examples:

• We found out who had stolen the money.• He said that they had gone home before.

Exercises:• 1- Had your brother done his homework before you telephoned him? • No, he hadn’t. He ……………………..a letter before I telephoned him.

( write )• 2- Had they learned French before they …………………..the country? No,

they hadn’t. ( leave )• 3- Had David ………………….the tickets before the match started? Yes, he

had. ( buy )• 4- Had Ali lived there for many years before you met him? No, he

………………….not .( have )• 5- I ………………….the dishes on the table before I went out. ( put )• 6- She had cleaned the room carefully before they …………………….. . ( arrive

)• 7- Mrs Jones was very happy because she …………………..her little son. ( find

)

Exercises:• 8- Jane didn’t ……………..there because they hadn’t invited her.

( go )• 9- Mr White didn’t wear the shirt because his wife ……………………… .

( not wash )• 10- The boys ……………..to rest because they thy had walked for ten

Kilometers. ( decide )• 11- Ahmad played ping pong very well because he had ………………for

many years. ( practice )• 12- Why were you unhappy last night? I ……………a sad story. ( read )• 13-I ………………..my office early because I had finished my work .

( leave ) • 14- He didn’t eat the fruits because he hadn’t …………them . ( wash )

Exercises:

• 15-Jane was so happy because she ……………very good marks. ( get )• 16-The man ………………so upset because he had made a lot of

mistakes. ( be )• 17-I didn’t let Sally watch TV because she hadn’t ………………….her

homework. ( do )• 18-Why did you ……………..her your book? Because she had lost her

book. ( give )• 19- Why didn’t Mary go their party ? she didn’t go there because

they ………………….her.(not invite)• 20-Why did you leave early? • I left early because I ………………. my work. ( finish )