GREAT CIVILIANSENORMOUS BUILDINGS

M. Awais Yaqoob

(University of Engineering and Technology, Lahroe)

Mega buildings

BURJ DUBAI

The Burj Dubai ("Tower of Dubai") is a skyscraper currently under construction, since April 15, 2005, in Dubai, Its exact final height remains a closely-guarded secret, but is believed to go well beyond the estimated 705 metres and is estimated to have 200 habitable floors, which would make it have almost twice as many floors as that of the Sears Tower, Chicago which currently has the highest number of habitable floors (108).

TAIPEI 101

 The world's tallest building is now in Taiwan. With a height of 509 meters(1671 FT)and 101 storeys above ground and five stories below--the Taipei 101 building has surpassed the 462-meter Sears Tower in Chicago and the 451-meter Petronas Twin Tower in Malaysia to acquire the title "world's tallest building”.Construction of TAIPEI 101 started in 1999 and complete in 2004

PETRONAS TOWER

Petronas Towers, twin in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, that are the world's tallest twin towers. Standing 1,483 ft (452 m) high having 88-storeys .construction of twin towers started in 1995 and completed in 1997, they surpassed Chicago's Sears Tower as the record-holding tallest structure; they themselves were surpassed by Taipei 101 in 2003

SEARS TOWER

Sears Tower, Chicago, the world's third tallest building. Until the opening of the 1,483-ft (452-m) Petronas Towers (1997) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, it was the world's tallest building. Constructed from 1970 to 1974 for Sears, it rises 110 stories to a height of 1,450 ft (442 m); the 253 ft (77 m) television antenna topping it makes it the world's third largest freestanding structure at 1,703 ft (519 m).

JIN MAO TOWER

The Jin Mao Building or Jin Mao Tower is an 88-story landmark skyscraper in Shanghai,the fifth tallest in the world by roof height and the seventh tallest by pinnacle height.hieght of JIN MAO TOWER is 420 m(1380 ft).construction of jin mao tower started in 1993 and ends in 1998.

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

The tower rises to 381 m at the (1,250 feet )102nd floor, and its full structural height (including broadcast antenna) reaches 1,472 feet (448 m). It was the first building to have more than 100 floors.It remained the tallest skyscraper in the world for a record 41 years until the construction of the World Trade Center, and shortly afterwards the Sears Tower.

TWO INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CENTRE

Also known as 2IFC and branded as "Two ifc", Two International Finance Centre was completed in 2003.this 415 m(1362 FT) tall building is currently Hong Kong's tallest, with 88 storeys (an extremely lucky number in Cantonese culture) and 22 high-ceiling trading floors.

CITIC

CITIC Plaza is an 80-story high-rise building built in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Its structural height is 391 m (1,283 ft) including two tall antennas like spires on the top. When it was completed in 1997, it was the tallest building in the world outside of New York and Chicago. seventh worldwide in the high-rise ranking. It is, however, the tallest concrete building in the world.

SHUN HING SQUARE

Shun Hing Square (is a tall high-rise building in Shenzhen, China. Its structural height is 384 m (1,260 ft) and has 69 stories. It was completed in 1996 and for one year (from 1996 till 1997), it was the tallest building in China until Guangzhou's CITIC Plaza was completed. It now ranks fourth in China and eighth worldwide in the high-rise ranking.

CENTRAL PLAZA

Central Plaza located in Wan Chai, is the second tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong. With a height of 374 m, Central Plaza is only surpassed by 2 IFC (420 m) in Central. It used to be the tallest building in Asia from 1992 to 1996, was built. The 78-storey building was completed in August 1992. The building surpassed the Bank of China Tower as the tallest building in Hong Kong until the completion of 2IFC.

EMIRATES OFFICE TOWER

Also referred to as Emirates Tower One is a 54 floor office building in the city of Dubai Connected with 56 floor Emirates Towers Hotel .The tower has a total structural height of 1,163 ft (354.6 m) and roof height of 1,020 ft (311 m) making it the 12th tallest currently-standing fully-habitable building in the world.. Construction was completed on November 1999.

BANK OF CHINA

The building is 315 metres high with two masts reaching 369 metres (1209 feet) high. The 70 story building was built in 1989 and is located near Central MTR station. This was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1989 to 1992, and it was the first building outside the United States to break the 1000 foot mark. That also means it was the tallest outside America from its completion year, 1990.

TUNTEX SKY TOWER

Tuntex Sky Tower, or the T & C Tower, is a 85-floor skyscraper located in Kaohsiung, Republic of China( Taiwan ). Situated in the downtown Ling Ya district the structure is 347 m (1140 feet) high and has 85 floors. An antenna pushes the building height to 378 m. The building was constructed from 1994 to 1996 and opened in 1997.

Aon Center

The Aon Center in Chicago, and completed in 1972. With 83 floors and a height of 1,136 feet (346.3 m), it is surpassed in height only by the Sears Tower in Chicago, and is third tallest behind the Empire State Building in the United States.

The Center

The Center (Chinese) is the fourth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong, after Two International Finance Centre (88 storeys), Central Plaza and Bank of China Tower. With a height of 346m, it comprises 73 storeys. The Center is one of the few skyscrapers in Hong Kong that is totally steel-structured with no reinforced concrete core

MADINAT AL- HAREER

Madinat al-Hareer, meaning City of Silk, is a proposed 250 square kilometer planned urban area in Subia, an area just opposite Kuwait City The main attraction of Madinat al-Hareer, the Mubarak al-Kabir Tower will stand at 1,001 m tall, almost twice the height of the current tallest building in the world Taipei 101, which is 509m tall

STRUCTURES IN THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW

Today we are passing through an era of science & technology in which on one hand we are venturing intothe nano Cosmos & on the other hand we are moving ahead towards the end of our Galaxy

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