Telecommunication

What is Telecommunication? Tele means DISTANCE and Communication means TO SHARE.

The transmission of information that allows for communication between people who are separated by distance

Examples of Telecommunication.telephone system.satellite communication system .mobile cellular system .radar and sonar systems .microwave radio systems .TV and radio broadcasting systems .space discovery using telecommunications .oil exploration using radio frequency .analysis warfare communications.information and intelligent gathering

Source Message Channel receiver (Mobile, Internet, Radio, Television)Feed back

HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION

YEAR INVENTION

Prehistoric  Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals,  Communication drums

6th century Mail

1838 Electrical Telegraph

1876 Telephone

1893 Wireless Telegraphy

1869 Radio

1927 Television

1946 Limited capacity Mobile Telephone Service for automobiles

1969 Computer networking

 1998 Mobile satellite hand-held phones

2008 Google Glass

Indian Telecommunication IndustriesSecond largest in the world.Lowest tariff callsAccording to the Internet And Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), the Internet user base in the country stood at 190 million at the end of June, 2013

MAJOR SECTOR OF INDIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONTelephonyInternet Television broadcasting

Rise and Role of Telecommunication in India

Indian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market liberalization and growth since the 1990s and now has become the world's most competitive and one of the fastest growing telecom markets. The Industry has grown over twenty times in just ten years, from under 37 million subscribers in the year 2001 to over 846 million subscribers in the year 2011. India has the world's second-largest mobile phone user base with over 929.37 million users as of May 2012. It has the world's third-largest Internet user-base with over 137 million as of June 2012.

Telecommunication has supported the socioeconomic development of India and has played a significant role to narrow down the rural-urban digital divide to some extent. It also has helped to increase the transparency of governance with the introduction of e-governance in India. The government has pragmatically used modern telecommunication facilities to deliver mass education programmes for the rural folk of India.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES•DoT agreeing to the demand of defence ministry.•request of government of India. planning of DoT•DoT agreeing to the demand of defence ministry.•request of government of India. planning of DoT

INVESTEMENTSTAKING OVER TOWERS OF VODAAFONE AND IDEA. INVESTEMENT ON INDIA’S IT SECTOR.. DEAL FROM MUKESH AMBANI ISUN PLANNING OF RELIANCE JIO INFOCOMM

POLICY INITIATIVES IN TELECOM SECTOR1.All villages shall receive telecom facilities.2.National Long Distance Service (NLD): open for unrestricted entry.3.The International Long Distance Services (ILDS): open to competition.4.The basic services: open to competition.5.4th cellular operator (over existing 3, 1 each in 4 metros & 13 circles) permitted.6.Policies allowing private participation in several new services: Global Mobile Personal7.Communication by Satellite (GMPCS), digital Public Mobile Radio Trunked Service (PMRTS) and voice Mail/Audio text/Unified messaging WLL for telephone connections in urban, semi-urban and rural areas.

Disinvestment of 2 public sector telecom undertakings, VSNL and HTL.

9. Steps to fulfill Universal Service Obligation (USO) funding and administration.

10. A decision to permit Community Phone Service for each panchayat.

11. Multiple Fixed Service Providers (FSPs) licensing guidelines announced.

12. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) allowed to set up International Internet Gateways & both Satellite & landing stations for submarine optical fiber cables.

13. Two categories of infrastructure providers have been allowed to provide end-to-end Bandwidth and dark fiber, right of way, towers and duct space. Guidelines by the Govt. to open up Internet Telephony.

Telecom service provider in IndiaPublic Sector:A.) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (M.T.N.L.) for cities of Bombay & Delhi B.) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (B.S.N.L.) for the rest of India: BSNL has managed to honor obligation by providing connectivity to 90% of the rural population

2. Private Operators:A) Bharti Airtel: It is the largest operator and would extend its coverage to more than 4,000 towns and adjoining villages. B) Reliance Communications: It currently provides services in 4,300 towns and claims to have connected all the adjoining villages in these towns. C) Tata Tele Services Limited (TTSL ): It currently claims to have over 8% of the rural customer base. Provides Tata Indicom, Tata DoCoMo, Virgin (GSM) & Virgin (CDMA).

D) Idea Cellular E) Vodafone Essar F) Aircel G) Uninor H) HFCL Infotel and others like Spice Telecom, Videocon Mobile Service, MTS India, Loop Mobile (BPL formerly), Ping Mobile, S Tel and Etisalat DB.

Telecommunication in rural India•About 70% population of India live in the villages.•The teledensity in rural areas is only 1.14 against 10.16 in the urban areas.•Teledensity is the number of telephones per hundred of the population in the country and one of the important parameters to assess the level of connectivity in the country.•The main factors affecting the Teledensity are socio-economic conditions, per capita income, literacy rate, terrain conditions, availability of infrastructure etc.

Reasons for not developing of Telecommunications in rural areas:•Low Population Density •Low Income Levels •Lower Literacy Levels •Preference of operators for high earning areas initially. •Technology Limitations and High Costs of Delivery and •Some other factors related to policies and priorities

STATASTICS OF TELECOMMUNICATION IN INDIAIndia has the fastest growing telecom network in the world with its high population and development potential.Airtel , vodafon , idea uninor , reliance ,tata docomo , bsnl , aircel , tata indicom , and mtnl are the major operators in India. However rural India still lacks strong infrastructure.India’s public sector telecom company BSNL is the 7th largest telecom company in the world.

Telephone statisticsTelephone subscribers (wireless and landline): 957.61 million (Sept 2014) Land lines: 27.41 million (Sept 2014) Cell phones: 930.20 million (Sept 2014) Monthly cell phone addition: 5.88 million (Sept 2014) Teledensity: 76.75% (Sept 2014)

Telephone system: The telecommunications system in India is the 2nd largest in the world. The country is divided into several zones, called circles (roughly along state boundaries). Government and several private operators run local and long distance telephone services. It was thrown open to private operators in the 1990s. Competition has caused prices to drop and calls across India are one of the cheapest in the world.

Telephone system: The telecommunications system in India is the 2nd largest in the world. The country is divided into several zones, called circles (roughly along state boundaries). Government and several private operators run local and long distance telephone services. It was thrown open to private operators in the 1990s. Competition has caused prices to drop and calls across India are one of the cheapest in the world.

Land linesMobile cellular:: The mobile telephone network has aggrandized greatly since 2000. The number of mobile phone connections crossed fixed-line connections in 2004. India primarily follows the GSM mobile system, in the 900 MHz band. Recent operators also operate in the 1800 MHz band. 3G operations are carried out in 2100 MHz band.

:The data reported by service providers indicates that rural India is emerging as the growth driver. Mobile services subscriber base in rural areas increased to 382.50 million in September 2014 from 374.96 million in February 2014. dialing system

Visitor location register(VLR) Out of the total 930.20 million wireless subscribers, 812.11 million were found active in September, 2014. The total active VLR number excludes the CDMA VLR figure of BSNL, as the service provider has not provided the VLR figures corresponding to their total CDMA subscriber base. The proportion of VLR subscribers is 87.30% of the total wireless subscriber base reported by the service providers.

Internet users : Number of Internet users in India is the 3rd largest in the world next only to China and the United States of America. Though the number of internet users is high, internet penetration is still much lower than most countries across the globe.Broadcast subscribersBroadband in India is defined as 512kbit/s and above by the government regulator (New definition of Broadband notified on 18 July 2013). Total subscribers (wireline + wireless combined) were 75.73 million (Sept 2014).

Internet service providers (ISPs) & hosts: 6,746,000(2012) source: CIA World Fact BookCountry code (Top-level domain): 91Radios: 116 million (1997)Radio broadcast stations: 153- AM (Amplitude Modulation), 91- FM (Frequency Modulation), 68 (1998) – ShortwaveTelevisions: 116,438,938(2011 Census)

In India, only the government owned Doordarshan (literally Door = Distant or Tele, Darshan = to view) is allowed to broadcast terrestrial television signals. It initially had one major National channel (also known as DD1) and a Metro channel in some of the larger cities (also known as DD2).Television terrestrial broadcast stations: 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997).

ISSUES FACED Rapidly Falling ARPULack of Telecom InfrastructureRural Areas Continue to Remain Under PenetratedExcessive CompetitionPrice War Between the Service Providers Putting Pressure on MarginsSpectrum AllocationRegulatory Charges

Bharti Airtel !!Telecom giant Bharti Airtel is the flagship company of Bharti Enterprises. The Bharti Group, has a diverse business portfolio and has created global brands in the telecommunication sector.  Airtel comes to you from Bharti Airtel Limited, India’s largest integrated and the first private telecom services provider with a footprint in all the 23 telecom circles. Bharti Airtel since its inception has been at the forefront of technology and has steered the course of the telecom sector in the country with its world class products and services. The businesses at Bharti Airtel have been structured into three individual strategic business units (SBU’s) - Mobile Services, Airtel Telemedia Services & Enterprise Services. The mobile business provides mobile & fixed wireless services using GSM technology across 23 telecom circles while the Airtel Telemedia Services business offers broadband & telephone services in 94 cities. The Enterprise services provide end-to-end telecom solutions to corporate customers and national & international long distance services to carriers. All these services are provided under the Airtel brand.

Business Divisions

Achievements•The first private player in telecom sector to connect all states of India. • The first mobile service provider to introduce the lifetime prepaid services and electronic recharge systems.•the network has spread over 93 per cent along the National Highways and 88 per cent of key rail routes across the State .•Having achieved huge success in mobile services- postpaid and prepaid- Now entered fixed-line telephony providing broadband services in 92 cities across India.

• The company has an optical fiber network of 35,016 km and a customer base of 35,440,406 GSM mobile and 1,819,083 broadband subscribers. •Airtel is listed on The Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) and The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). •Adding 25000 towers every month expanding their network all over India.Wide range of Value Added Services – like ringtones, caller tunes, news etcOne of the 1st company to introduce mobile banking, mobile bill payments etc

SWOT Analysis:Strengths: Very focused on telecom.Leading in a fastest growing cellular segmentHighly Skilled workforceThe only Indian operator other than VSNL, that has international submarine cableWeakness:Price competition from BSNL & MTNL losing lead on technical expertise.Too much dependent on domestic market.

Opportunities:Fast expanding Indian cellular marketLatest and low cost technologyHuge marketThreats:Competition from other cellular and mobile operatorsSaturation point in basic telephone services