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The Features of “Workless Society” in Japan 19,Nov., 2016
＠Tsinghua UniversityRyosuke NISHIDA 西田 亮介
from Tokyo [email protected]
Introduce of myself• Ryosuke NISHIDA (西田 亮介), Assoc. Prof at Institute for Liberal Arts,
Tokyo Tech
• Ph.D(Media and Governance), Master Degree of Media and Governance, each from Keio University, Japan
• After working at some universities and a research center, joining Tokyo Tech, 2015.
• Majoring: Sociology– …and radio navigator, TV commentator, author of articles …etc
• Three Research Domains: – Information Technology and Politics– Education for Improving Democracy– “Workless Society” in Japan (today’s main issue)
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My Books
• 『マーケティング化する民主主義』（2016年，イースト・プレス） “Democracy and the Political Marketing”, 2016
• 『民主主義 〈一九四八-‐五三〉中学・高校社会科教科書エッセンス復刻版』（2016年，幻冬舎） ”Democracy”, 2016
• 『メディアと自民党』（2015年，角川書店） ”Media and Liberal Democratic Party in Japan”, 2015
• 『無業社会 働くことができない若者たちの未来』（2014年，朝日新聞出版） ”Workless Society”, 2014
• 『ネット選挙 解禁がもたらす日本社会の変容』（2013年，東洋経済新報社） ”Internet Election: How does it effect for Japan? ”, 2013
• 『ネット選挙とデジタル・デモクラシー』（2013年，NHK出版）”Internet Election and the Democracy”, 2013
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About My Books
“Workless Society” in Japan
– NEET: Not in Education, Employment, Training.
– Cabinet Office estimated the number of young NEETs as about 560,000 people in Japan.
– the rating in population: 2.1 %• As the total Japanese population is about 120 million people, the rate is relatively low, however the number isn’t low.
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The volume of young NEET in Japan
6図表1：内閣府『平成27年版子ども・若者白書』p.38より引用。
What is “Workless Society” ?• Jobless / Workless
– “Works” are not only income problem, but also connecting to each other, social welfare, some pride to live, respect by the other people and social reputation…etc
– Workless would be the lost of social capital, a connecting the people and communities.
– Many types of “jobs”, however “works” are about to be lost in Japan.– Big difference between Irregular works and regular works in Japan.
• The definition of “Workless Society”: – Society which every person has a possibility to be workless, however
most of them not to recognize, to be difficult to survive the situation– We think that Japanese society is “workless society” and it is a social
problem.7
The meanings of “Workless Society” in Japan
• The unemployment rate of Japan is relatively low level in the world.
– 4.3%(2012)、4.0%(2013)、3.6%(2014)
– The rate of younger generation is relatively high.• 15-‐24years：8.1%(2012)、6.9%(2013)、6.3%(2014)
• 25-‐34years：5.5%(2012)、5.3%(2013)、4.6%(2014)
• The Features of Japanese “Workless Society”…
– have a generation gap.
– have gaps of work style between regular workers and irregular workers.
– rely from changing social system.
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Misunderstandings about “Workless Society” in Japan
• Misunderstandings – NEETs have no motivation to work. – The reason of becoming to NEET is a laziness. – Nothing to relate with university students.
↓• Actualities
– Many NEETs hope to work, but can’t find the work and the companies receiving them.
– The main reason of NEETs is injury and sick including mental problem. – Our case studies shows that university students have also possibilities
to be NEETs.
• These are reasons of our challenge to do some researches and projects for “Workless Society”. 9
Our Researches and Projects for “Workless Society”
• 『若年無業者白書』 ”Research Paper of “Workless Society””– Sodateage Net, a famous NPO, and I try to analyze the lifestyle of NEET, to know what factors effect the NEET.
– Translated in South Korea.
• 『無業社会』 ”Workless Society”– This book shows the lifestyles of NEET and policy failures, the some data.
– Translated in South Korea.
• 政策提言『若者と仕事』: “Advocacy for Japanese youth and works.”– With Sodateage Net and MS, I advocated improving the policy for （Jan, 2015）。
– （PDF）（ http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9875960）
• 西田亮介，2015，「ニートとひきこもり」『日本労働研究雑誌』 657: 72-‐3．Short paper of Japan NEET.– （PDF）（ http://www.jil.go.jp/institute/zassi/backnumber/2015/04/pdf/072-‐073.pdf）。
• 『若年無業者白書2014-‐2015-‐個々の属性と進路決定における多面的分析』 ”Research Paper of “Workless Society”” 2014-‐2015– Second ver. of ”Research Paper of “Workless Society””
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11”Research Paper of “Workless Society”” and its in South Korea
12Symposium in South Korea for “Workless Society”
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”Workless Society”
translated in South
Korea
14“Advocacy for Japanese youth and works.”
15“Advocacy for Japanese youth and works.”
“Workless Society” and social system in Japan
• We face the lost of “Japanese model” in the last 20th centuries.
• “Japanese model” were consisted of that…– Japanese style of company management system and the tradition in the
labor market in Japan.• Lifetime employment, Seniority type wage, University graduate collective
adoption… etc– Japanese model for welfare state.
• Sharing the burden for social welfare by the government, companies, and individuals.
– Traditional centralized resource redistribution system.• Changing the political system and emvironment.
• We faced that the big social system changes in late 90s.16
Discovering “Youth as the Week” in Japan in 2000s
• In 2000s, we faced that…– Serious low birthrate and aging society.
– The Japanese youth became to the week comparing elderly generation.
• We discoverd “Youth as the Week” in Japan in 2000s
• Some kinds of social inclusive policies for youth starting in 2000s. – NPOs have important roles to care and support NEETs. Government and
local government and private companies collaborate to support and donate NPOs. It works better. However not enough.
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Break, Division
The status quo, but it potentially means not to support them.
Workers, Usual Citizens NEETs
Governments and Local Governments
“Self-‐ responsibilities”
Envy, or nothing to say
Request to cut down the budgets
Improving Social Inclusion System
Not enough supporting and preventive policies.
The social structure of the immobilization “Workless Society”
“Workless Society” to “Tolerant Society”
• “Tolerant Society” is…– Inclusive for everyone.– Seriously for every life stage or age.– Supporting their own Re-‐ challenge for working
• From “Workless Society” to “Tolerant Society”, – To know how NEETs get to the work, what factors effects the revival.– The analysis the data gathering from the programs and facilities for policy
making. – Connecting the data and human support skill, for more effective and
improving support programs and policies.
– Comparing global policies and programs and exchange them each other, because of many countries facing similar problem in particular of east Asia countries. 19
Thank you for your listening!!
The Features of “Workless Society” in Japan
19,Nov., 2016 ＠Tsinghua UniversityRyosuke NISHIDA 西田 亮介
from Tokyo [email protected]
