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Revolutionary War
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Benedict ArnoldGeneral Benedict Arnold was an early hero of the Revolution - He led a daring, but unsuccessful invasion of Canada- built a Navy on Lake Champlain in NY, stopping the British advance- was a leader at the capture of Fort Ticonderoga & at Saratoga- felt unappreciated & was accused of treason because of his loyalist wife and friends- Committed treason by offering to give up West Point on the Hudson River
The WestGeorge Rogers Clark – American military leader-with a small army he captured several British-held towns along the Ohio River during 1778-79. -He secured the area for the Americans and strengthened America’s claim to the region after the War.
The Southern Campaign
Savannah, Georgia - the British occupied the city in December of 1778 - reinstated the British Royal Governor
CharlesTown, South Carolina - Captured by the British in May of 1780 - Over 5,000 American troops were captured - The worst defeat of the War for the Americans
Charles Cornwallis -Was made British military commander in the South in the summer of 1780
Battle of King’s Mountain, October 1780 - British attacked on the frontier, backcountry colonists - enraged ‘overmountain men’ raised a militia and ambushed & defeated a British cavalry unit - rural southerners began organizing Patriot militias
Nathaniel Greene – Washington’s best remaining general was made American commander in the South.
Daniel Morgan – sent by Greene into South Carolina to wear down the British by attacking supplies & small units
Francis Marion – “The Swamp Fox” most successful leader of hit-and-run raids against the British in South Carolina
Battle of Cowpens (S.C.), January 1781 - A small force under Daniel Morgan defeated part of Cornwallis’ British Army
Guilford Courthouse (N.C.), March 1781 - Cornwallis & the British won the battle & forced Greene to retreat, but he continued to fight: "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again.”- British casualties were so high, however, that Cornwallis retreated to the coast and then decided to invade north into Virginia- Greene moved south and began reconquest of South Carolina
Battle of the Capes September 1781- French Fleet defeated the British off the American coast and the French controlled the waters off Virginia’s coast
Battle of Yorktown (VA), September- October 1781 - Cornwallis positioned the British Army on the York-James Peninsula, expecting British naval support - Washington moved south, blocked Cornwallis onto the peninsula and began bombarding the British Army - The French fleet blocked Cornwallis by sea and began shelling his army as well. - October 17, 1781 – The largest part of the British Army, led by Cornwallis, surrendered to Washington and the fighting of the Revolutionary War was essentially over
Treaty of Paris (1783)-American negotiators were John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay- Britain forced to recognize American independence
- America took control of all territory between Canada and Florida (which went to Spain) and the territory between the Atlantic and the Mississippi River
-Americans still had to pay their debts to British banks & businesses