Manifest Destiny

• “Away, away with all these cobweb tissues of the rights of discovery, exploration, settlement…(The American claim) is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty…” John L. O’Sullivan, 1845

Manifest Destiny—driven by

• A divine mission to extend• Nationalism• Population increase• Rapid economic development• Technological advances• Reform ideals• Northern critics ?

Territorial Acquisitions

Texas--• 1823-Mexico• (Moses) Stephen Austin• Americans outnumbered

Mexicans• 1834 Santa Anna• 1836 Sam Houston leads

a revolt—declares Texas independent

• After many battles—Battle of San Jacinto-

• Presidents Jackson, Van Buren and Tyler ignore Texas’ request for annexation

• Left it up to Polk

Oregon Country“Fifty-four forty or Fight!”

• Jointly owned by Britain and US

• Compromise in 1846

Mexican American War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848• Recognize the Rio Grande as the southern border• US take California and New Mexico—the Mexican Cession• US paid $15 m

Prelude to Civil War?

• Wilmot Proviso- Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot proposed a bill to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico—passed twice in the House and defeated in the Senate

• Did the war to acquire territories from Mexico lead inevitably to the American Civil War?

The Civil War

• Historians have identified at least four main causes of the war

1. Northern and Southern views of Slavery2. Federal Union vs. States’ Rights3. Economic differences4. Extremism on both sides• Your task is to decide the relative importance

of these causes

The Missouri Compromise 1820

Second Great Awakening

• “We say to slaveholders—Repeat Now-today-immediately-Such is our doctrine of immediate emancipaton. A doctrine founded on God’s eternal Truth-plain, simple and prefect”

• “Gag Rule”- Passed by Southerners in Congress in 1836. The gag rule tabled all abolitionist petitions in Congress and thereby prevented antislavery discussions.

Emancipator and The Liberator• “ I will be as harsh as truth, and as

uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! I will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD”

• William Lloyd Garrison

Nat Turner’s Slave RebellionAugust 13, 1831

Runaway Slaves

1848-Gag rule repealed

Compromise of 1850Henry Clay

• Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C• Strict fugitive law passed• California Free state

Poster warning the colored people of Boston to beware of slave catchers

Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852

• “So this is the little lady that started the big war” A.L.

The Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ll_Sgn2A4DTYaM&tbnid=s9OMWHI9zoCCNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_Territory&ei=QZSHUpurJYzpkAf6loGQBw&bvm=bv.56643336,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEgaTkDE6JplO5bmV44dwpTCGMgBQ&ust=1384703276405553

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=i7Q8b7X0I4MgrM&tbnid=8GowxLQtLEpZyM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://brbogle.blogspot.com/p/maps.html&ei=0JeHUoq9JoLdkQeNwIFY&psig=AFQjCNFB7_pU9cVd9LdqXi0IPC1WFVMKrA&ust=1384704336706503

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Ul-nxFEvkb00CM&tbnid=uTJpjDWyghBmHM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Kansas&ei=9JSHUs-IMoXMkAfpqYC4Dw&bvm=bv.56643336,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNFsUWwHhvy3ggBP9s-ko9t6-VLJXw&ust=1384703523276365

Bleeding Kansas 1856

Southern Chivalry – “The Crime Against Kansas”

Dred Scott 1857

• African Americans are not citizens--property• Scott remains a slave under Missouri law• Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory• The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

Abraham Lincoln and

Stephen Douglas Debates

John Brown

John Brown and Harpers Ferry Va. 1859

• “I am quite certain that• crimes of this guilty land• will never be purged away• but with blood”

• •

http://youtu.be/e1OFdpUsO8w

Election of 1860

Fort Sumter