CAR: Cornered in the centre - aid and development in a rough neighbourhood

Slide 1United Nations CAR

United NationsCentral African Republic

Oct-07

Cornered in the Centre: aid and development in a rough neighbourhood

Toby LanzerUnited Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator

Central African Republic (CAR)



Oct-07

Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF

Aid and development in a rough neighbourhood



Oct-07

4.2 million people landlocked in the fragile centre of Africa

ChadSudan

Cameroon

DRCCongo

Darfur

CAR

GabonRebellion or internal conflictSource: Hamburg University

Uganda

Nigeria



Oct-07

The least known of the least developed countries

Google search results for bottom 10 countries on the Human Development Index (million)

Mozambique

Burundi

Sierra Leone

Ethiopia

Mali

Chad

Niger

Burkina Faso

Central African Republic

30.6

28.9

28.6

26.9

44.1 mn

31.6

30.8

26.8

25.5

16.7

Source: Google search results (15 Oct 2007) for the 10 countries with lowest Human Development Index

Guinea Bissau



Oct-07

Emperor Bokassa

Jean-Bédel BokassaHead of state 1966-1979

Crowned emperor in 1977



Oct-07

Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Jean-Bertrand AristideLanded in Bangui after leaving Haiti in 2004



Oct-07

The third poorest people on earth

Mali GambiaNigeria CAR Niger Burkina Faso

73 7067

64 61 61 59

ZambiaSource: World Bank (2002)

Share of population living on less than 1 dollar a day (bottom 7 seven countries)



Oct-07

Source: IMF (2007), Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP

1985 1990 2000 20051995

100

+20%

GDP (PPP) Growth, Base = 100 (1985)

+40%

+60%

+80%

-20%

GDP per head in Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 78% since 1985, but not even by 10% in CAR

Sub-Saharan Africa

CAR

Gap widening



Oct-07

19901985 1995 2000 2004

.35

.30

.25

Source: HDR (2006)

Human Development indices for bottom 5 rose since 1985, while CAR’s fell by 8.8%

.40

Niger

Mali

Burkina FasoGuinea Bissau

CAR

Falling behind



Oct-07

The world’s worst pupil / teacher ratio in primary education

Source: RESEN (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

Alarming chronic malnutrition rates for children under 5 years

Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

One of the world’s highest child mortality rates

Source: MICS III (2006)

/ 1,000Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

Only 1 in 4 people can get safe drinking water

Source: MICS III (2006) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

More mothers die while giving birth than almost anywhere

/ 100,000Source: General Census (2003) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

Malaria is the number one cause of death

Source: MSF Holland (2007) Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

One of the lowest life expectancies in the world


years

Source: General Census (2003)



Oct-07

Landlocked and no paved road out

km to the nearest portPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07

Development assistance: where are we and why?

Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors

1985 1990 2000 20051995

100

-20%

+40%

+60%

-80%

ODA Growth, Base = 100 (1985)

-60%

-40%

+20%

Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa rose by 54% since 1985, but fell by 60% for CAR

Sub-Saharan Africa

CAR



Oct-07

Aid per head is the lowest in the region ($)

Equat. Guinea

Sudan

Chad

Gabon

Congo

Congo, Dem. Republic of

Cameroon


39.6

36.7

29.1

24.1

160

70.7

44.7

23.5

Source: OECD (2007), Development Assistance Disbursements, All donors

Development assistance: where are we and why?



Oct-07

Because of political instability?

CAR scores -1.69 on the World Bank’s political instability index

Rwanda

Angola


Chad

South Africa

Nigeria

Sudan

-2.5


Somalia

0-1.0 1.0 2.5

Uganda

Cote d’Ivoire

Source: World Bank (2007), Worldwide Governance Indicators, Selection



Oct-07

Bangui

ChadSudan

Darfur

DRCCongo

Cameroon

Timber

Diamonds

Uranium

Gold

Is it because of a lack of strategic natural resources?



Oct-07

Because of corruption?

CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s corruption control index

Rwanda

Ethiopia


Sudan

South Africa

Angola

Nigeria

-2.5



Somalia

0-1.0 1.0 2.5

Uganda

Chad



Oct-07

Because of an overly repressive regime?

CAR scores -1.06 on the World Bank’s voice and accountability index

Uganda


Rwanda

Nigeria

South Africa

Chad


-2.5

Sudan

Somalia

0-1.0 1.0 2.5

Ethiopia

Zimbabwe




Oct-07

Rebellion grips the north

km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEF



Oct-07


Rebellion grips the north



Oct-07

Almost 300,000 people forced to flee their homes since 2006

Bangui

ChadSudan

Darfur

DRCCongo

Cameroon

Displacement

Source: UN OCHA



Oct-07

Who is involved in violence?

UFDRUnion des Forces Démocratiques pour le Rassemblement in the north-east

APRD Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la République et la Démocratie in the north-west

FACAForces Armées Centrafricaines

GPGarde Présidentielle

ZaraguinasIn the north-west

PoachersIn the north-east

Coupeurs de routeThroughout the country

PoachersIn the south-west

FDPCFront démocratique pour le peuple centrafricain in the north-west



Oct-07

Northwest: condition along Chadian border deteriorating

Ndim

Bocaranga

Bozoum

Bossangoa

Nana Bakassa

Markounda

PaouaBoguila

Bemal

Batangafo

Bouca

Gore

Region ravaged by APRD rebels, government troops and road bandits

OUHAM

OUHAM-PENDE

UN

UN

Ngaoundaye

Area shown: 51,000 sq km (Denmark = 43,000 sq km). Ngaoundaye, Bocaranga, Paoua ▲ : 6,200 sq km (West Bank = 5,800 sq km)

Border

Prefecture

City / large settlement

Road

Burnt settlement

APRD / Zaraguinas /

power vacuum

Population movement

Armed groups

CAMEROON

CHAD

0 50 100 km



Oct-07

Northeast: CAR, Chad, Darfur

Fragile accord with rebels; new inflow of refugees possible; armed groups from Darfur

Am-DafockBirao

Gordil

Ndélé

Kaga-Bandoro

Bria

Bambari

Sibut

Sam Ouandja

Ouadda

Obo

Ouanda-Djallé

Daffaq

Rumbek

Chad

Darfur

HAUTE-KOTTO

B.-BANGORAN

VAKAGA

HAUT-MBOMOU

UNUN

UN

Original population: 12,000Refugees in CAR: 3,000IDPs in Darfur: 9,000

Border

Prefecture

City / large settlement

Road

UFDR / power vacuum

Refugees

Armed groups (Tora-Bora)0 150 300 km Area shown: 380,000 sq km (Zimbabwe = 390,000 sq km).



Oct-07

Rule of law and human rights

Photo: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFPhoto: Human Rights WatchPhoto: OCHA



Oct-07

Civilians caught in the cross-fire and escape to the bush

Photo: UN OCHA



Oct-07

Mobilising the United Nations



Oct-07

Work with the new president

Jean-François BozizéCoup d’etat in 2003

Won free and fair elections in 2005

Government supported by returning technocrats



Oct-07

Accelerate decisions by managing aid locally



Oct-07

Go where help is needed most: ensure security of personnel

km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFPhoto: UN OCHA



Oct-07

Overcome logistics challenges



Oct-07

Bangui

ChadSudan

Darfur

DRCCongo

Cameroon

Source: UN OCHA

Create a local presence: progress but a long way to go

UN office opened or reinforced in last 12 months



Oct-07

Call on NGOs to engage: progress but a long way to go

IPHD

IPHD

** Presence of international aid agencies as of August 2007** MSF also has a presence in nearby Markounda and Boguila Kota*** COOPI also has a presence in Bouca, 100 km east of Bossangoa

Bozoum

Paoua**

Bangui

Bossangoa***

Kaga-Bandoro

Bambari

Bangassou

Birao

Ndélé

SibutBouar

Sam Ouandja



Oct-07

Mobilise donors: progress but a long way to go

Donors contributing $ 500,000 or more 19 humanitarian donors so far in 2007

3

9

13Canada Cuba Denmark European

Commission

Finland France

Italy

Germany

Japan

Ireland

Luxembourg Netherlands

Norway Spain Sweden Switzerland

Turkey United StatesUnited Kingdom2005 2006 2007



Oct-07

Catalyse donors for development assistance

km to the seaPhoto: Pierre Holtz | UNICEFwww.car-round-table.net



Oct-07

1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015

50

25

Source: Human Development Report (2006)

75MDG

Current trend

31

62

67

Unlikely to halve the share of people living on less than 1 dollar a day

Focus on attaining the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)



Oct-07

1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015

75


50

25

MDG

Current trend100

58

60

4955

Enormous challenge of ensuring primary education for all children

Focus on the MDGs



Oct-07

Focus on the MDGs

1985 20001990 1995 2005 2010 2015

1,200

800

400


Huge challenge of reducing maternal mortality rate by three quarters

1,600MDG

Current trend

683

949

1,355

171



Oct-07

CAR: Today and tomorrow

Desperate poverty

All trends in the wrong direction

Stopping the slide now

Moving forward



Oct-07

www.hdptcar.net



Oct-07

News & Politics

CAR: Cornered in the centre - aid and development in a rough neighbourhood