1. African-American Movement Martin Luther King, Malcolm X and Nelson Mandela Civil Rights

2. What are Civil and Political Rights? They are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression. 3. Civil Rights were not the same for all human beings. African American people and South African people suffered Racial Segregation since 1955 in the United States and 1913 (Black Land Act) in South Africa. 4. How African-American people were treated in that time? 5. Apartheid was a system of legalized racial segregation enforced by the National Party (NP) South African government between 1948 and 1994. What was Apartheid? 6. Apartheid survivor Sophie Williams-de Bruyn South Africa in 1956 was a very polarized country and a very oppressive place to live in. We were classified as colored. We were not allowed to mix with one another that much. We had our own buses. They had their own buses. We had our own schools. They had their own schools, white 7. African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) This movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them in the south of United States. In South Africa there was the same situation to stop the anti-Apartheid System led by Nelson Mandela. In both cases the citizens used non-violent methods of struggle to achieve their aims. 8. Most important Civil Rights Activits Martin Luther King (January 15, 1929 -April 4, 1968) Malcolm X (May 19, 1925 - February 21, 1965) Nelson Mandela (July 18, 1918 - ) 9. Martin Luther King He belonged to a Christian family. He studied Sociology and Theology. He became a Baptist Minister and Civil Rights activists. He made a great effort to spread peace and love among humans relations in the United States. His most important objective was ending the legal segregation of African American Citizens in the south and other areas of the Nation. He was fatally shot on April, 4, 1968. 10. Malcolm X Malcolm Xs birth name was Malcolm Little. He was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist. He had strong opinions and he spoke out against racism. He shared his ideas with people and he told African American to stand up for their rights. He was killed in 1965 in New York. 11. Nelson Mandela He was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies after 1948. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labour. June 12, 1964, Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength. After a whole process of racial segregation in the history of South Africa, Mandela became the first 12. Civil Rights Legacy Civil Rights Movements achieved impressive judicial and legislative victories against discrimination in public acomodation and voting, and also a considerable succes in convating job and housing discrimination. 13. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal I have a dream Speech by M.L.K