French Revolution - Not a fiction - Completed by @hax_pix on twitter

The FThe French rench

RRevolutionevolution

1

Hussain Haafiz?????????????????????????????????(South Campus)

The French revolution was a violent liberal movement against the

conservative French monarchy. Its aims evolved over a decade.

”“

FRENCH REVOLUTIONFRENCH REVOLUTION

The French Revolution was a time of great turmoil in French history, During the French Revolution, the previous absolute monarchy and the entire social three estate system was overthrown. People in the third estate were especially tired of being treated like this, and wanted radical changes right away,

Louis XVI was the first king to come into power at the start of the revolution. He was very weak and indecisive ruler, which was terrible for the country at the point. He also had a wife, Marie Antoinette from Austria, who was obsessed with spending money. Together, they put the country into debt with over 2 billion livres.

Overview of

”“

Despite national lack of food, they always ate immense amount, and spent money which even didn’t belong to them, but to the country. This put the country into a worse state, and eventually, both Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were executed.

The Third Estate - They wanted more respect and actual say in the Government. They were given a tithe for their crops, which caused them starvation and malnutrition. They had the most trouble paying for bread, while others feasted away.

Finally, they began violent revolts. After Louis XVI’s execution, a ruler named Robespierre came into power. He was a terrible ruler, who killed thousands of men by the guillotine. There weren’t fair trails, and anyone suspected was killed.

Overview of


“”

Finally, he was arrested and overthrown, one year later, and the new constitution, with much newer ideas that gave people unalienable rights, was issued.After many reforms, and new enlightened ideas, the Revolution was over. Clearly, with all of these new reforms, the estate had gotten exactly what they wanted and succeeded in the Revolution. After this ten years of upheaval and turmoil, the new modern France was finally formed.

Overview of


Causes of the French Causes of the French RevolutionRevolution

Absolute MonarchyCorrupt Leadership & Government debtUnfair land distribution & unfair tax codeRigid social class structure & privileges of the estatesSpread of Enlightenment ideasPoor harvest & InflationFailure of Luis XVI to accept reformsFormation of National AssemblyStorming of the Bastille

Causes of the French Causes of the French RevolutionRevolution

Causes of French RevolutionCauses of French Revolution

Absolute Monarchy (Monarchism)

•Monarchical form of Government in Which the

Monarch has absolute Power.

Corrupt Leadership & Government Debt• The king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles

• Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a

wasteful spender….

9

• Government found its funds depleted.

• Privileged classes would not submit to being taxed.

Causes of French Revolution

Unfair Land Distribution & Unfair Tax Code• Third Estate was the poor people and they had to pay

all the taxes with absolutely no land Also, they sells off church lands


Rigid Social Class Structure & Privileges

of the first and second estate•First Estate »

•Second Estate »

•Third Estate »


Clergy

Nobility

The rest of society

Estate Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens

First •Circa 130,000

•High-ranking clergy

•Collected the tithe•Censorship of the press•Control of education•Kept records of births, deaths, marriages, etc.•Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility)•Owned 20% of the land

Paid no taxes

•Moral obligation (rather than legal obligation) to assist the poor and needy•Support the monarchy and Old Regime

•Subject to Church law rather than civil law.

Second •Circa 110,000

•Nobles

•Collected taxes in the form of feudal dues•Monopolized military and state appointments•Owned 20% of the land

•Paid no taxes •Support the monarchy and Old Regime

Third •Circa 25,000,000

•Everyone else: artisans, bourgeoisie, city workers, merchants, peasants, etc., along with many parish priests

•None

•None

•Paid all taxes•Tithe (Church tax)•Octrot (tax on goods brought into cities)•Corvée (forced road work)•Capitation (poll tax)•Vingtiéme (income tax)•Gabelle (salt tax)•Taille (land tax)•Feudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc.

Estates Contribution

Spread of Enlightenment ideas• Scientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws that

govern the natural world.• Intellectuals – philosophes – began to ask if natural laws

might also apply to human beings.– Particularly to human institutions such as governments– They used reason and logic to determine how governments are

formedo Tried to figure out what logical, rational principles work to tie

people to their governments.– Questioned the divine right of kings.


Poor Harvest & Inflation•As in many other revolutions, food shortages, high price and hunger formed a volatile social backdrop to the French revolution. As members of Third estate had to spend more and more of their income on breads.


Failure of “Luis XVI” to Accept Reforms•Inability to reform the grain trade – there are issues which hurt the economy and may well have participated to the triggering of the revolution

•Military matters were treated was ridiculous. War with England was unnecessary, but once it had started the French navy incompetence and the suicidal European diplomacy made the consequences in the conflict much worse. etc..


• Lack of free enterprises. Too many petty controls, not enough liberty to bring capital in and out of the country meant that traders and industrialists did not invest as much as they could have and the French ones had more incentives to pursue a lordship than an economic career.


Formation of National Assembly• Representative government did not mean democracy

or “mob rule”

• Tennis Court Oath was formed due to the disagreement of the 3’rd Estate and the Monarch.

• Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution

• When news of his plan to use military force against the National Assembly reached Paris on July 14, 1789, people stormed the Bastille.



Storming of the Bastille• Events of the night of July 13, 1789• Reasons for the attack on the Bastille the next morning• The stubbornness of the governor of the fortress• Celebrations on the night of July 14th

• Sparks tremendous popular revolution all over France

19

► Main Events in French Main Events in French

Revolution or Time lineRevolution or Time line

21

► Main Events in French Revolution or Main Events in French Revolution or

Time lineTime line

Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789Call of the Estates Generals - May 1789 King Louis XVI calls forth the Estates General

Together for the first time in a long time. Featuring the estates.

Tennis Court Oath – June 1789Tennis Court Oath – June 1789 After being removed from the Estates General, the Third Estate forms the National Assembly. Then they swear to the Tennis Court saying that they will not leave until the constitution was formed.

*Call of the Estates Generals - May *Call of the Estates Generals - May 17891789*Tennis Court Oath – June 1789*Tennis Court Oath – June 1789

Storming of the Bastille – July 1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man – August 1789

23

Angry Revolutionaries storm the Bastille. By doing this, not only does it make a statement against the monarchy but the mob also attained weapons and gunpowder that were kept in the prison.

The declaration of Rights of Man is written and states that all men are equal under law. Woman and children were not affected by this document.


Time lineTime line

*Storming of the Bastille – July 1789* Declaration of the Rights of Man – August 1789

March on Versailles – October 1789

Civil constitution of the clergy – July 1790

25

The civil constitution of clergy is published allowing the French government control of the church. Due to badly needed money, the government starts to sell church land

Parisian market woman lead a march on Versailles to protest about scarcity and high price of bread


Time lineTime line

*March on Versailles – October 1789*Civil constitution of the clergy – July 1790

Royal family attempts to flee – June 1791

Execution of the king - 1793

27

King Louis XVI and his family attempts to flee from France but are caught at Verannes. They are sent back to Paris where the King is forced to go on trial.

After been put on trial the king is sentenced to death. He is executed by the guillotine on January 21, 1793.


Time lineTime line

*Royal family attempts to flee – June 1791*Execution of the king - 1793

Reign of Terror – September 1793 to July 1794

Execution of Robespierre – July 1794

29

Thousands of Peoples are sentenced to death by execution that is caused by conflict between two political parties the Jacobins, and the Girondins. The leader of the Jacobins, Maximilien Robespierre arises as a new leader of the Revolution

Maximilien Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, is executed and the power of the Jacobins fall with him. In his time he had more than 15000 people executed at the guillotine. The Girondins gain more power as a result.


Time lineTime line

*Reign of Terror – September 1793 to July 1794*Execution of Robespierre – July 1794

The Thermidorian reaction and the Directory - 1795

Napoleon Bonaparte - 1799

To control executive responsibilities and appointments, a group known as Directory was formed. The directory’s abused of power soon came on rival that of any of the tyrannous revolutionaries France has faced.

He was a success military commander. He arrived in time to lead a coup against the Directory, eventually stepping up and naming himself “first consul” the leader of France. With Napoleon at the helm, the revolution ended. France entered fifteen-year period of military rule.


Time lineTime line

*The Thermidorian reaction and the Directory – 1995 *Napoleon Bonaparte - 1799

Quick Summary of French Quick Summary of French RevolutionRevolution

34

In history major changes take place often. One example of a major change was the French Revolution. The French Revolution occurred in France during the late 1700’s. The French people wanted to replace their Absolute government with a democracy. The ideas of the Enlightenment encouraged members of the 3rd Estate to revolt against Louis XVI.

Revolution is change. The French Revolution is an example of change. There were many causes that led to the Revolution. One cause was the 3rd Estate wanted freedom. The 3rd Estate had a meeting to declare their equality within the French government. They produced a document know as the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Another cause of the Revolution was the need to lower the tax burden on the 3rd Estate.

Summary of French RevolutionSummary of French Revolution

The 3rd Estate paid most of the taxes in France. A third cause of the Revolution was people wanted to have a democracy. In order to achieve this democracy the French people felt they had to execute Louis XVI by guillotine.

There were many effects from the French Revolution. One immediate effect was instead of getting a democracy Napoleon took control of France. Napoleon was a dictator. However, over time France becomes a democracy. Today France is a democracy.

Change occurred throughout history. Revolutions are examples of change. The French Revolution was a major change in history. After the French Revolution people throughout Europe and South America were inspired to fight for democracy and freedom.

Summary of French RevolutionSummary of French Revolution

The End

Thank You

36

Thank you for Your Attention

• http://www.wikipedia.org• http://www.alphahistory.com• http://www.history.com• http://www.britannica.com• http://www.chnm.gmu.edu• http://www.newadvent.org• http://www.sparknotes.com

• References;

News & Politics

French Revolution - Not a fiction - Completed by @hax_pix on twitter