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As tendências populacionais russas, com especial referência ao gênero e empoderamento das mulheres, é o foco da apresentação levada pelo Prof. Dr. Alexander Razumov ao seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”, realizado nos dias 21 e 22 de fevereiro, em Brasília. Para mais informações, acesse: www.sae.gov.br
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POPULATION TRENDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
GENDER AND EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN: CASE OF
RUSSIA
INSTITUTE FOR LABOUR AND SOCIAL INSURANCE
Prof. Dr. Alexander Razumov
Ministry for Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation
(BRICS COOPERATION ON POPULATION ISSUES: INAUGURAL SEMINAR, 28 FEBRUARY –
04 MARCH 2014, MBOMBELA, SOUTH AFRICA)
Russian Top Bodies/Authorities which are Responsible for Population Policy
Council of Demographic Policy at the President of Russia.
Ministry of Health of Russia.
Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of Russia.
Ministry of Regional Development of Russia.
Ministry of Construction, Housing and Communal Services of Russia
State Migration Agency.
Governors of regions/ provinces. Regional programmes of demographic policy:
analysis, priorities, indexes, efficiency.
25,8 25,9
26,1
26,3 26,4
26,5 26,6
27
27,2
27,4
27,7 27,7
27,9
25,9
26,1
26,3
26,5
26,7 26,8
26,9
27,3
27,5
27,8
28,1 28,2
28,4
25,3 25,4
25,5 25,6
25,7 25,8
25,9
26,3
26,5 26,5
26,7 26,6 26,6
24,5
25
25,5
26
26,5
27
27,5
28
28,5
29
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Ave
rage
age
of
wo
me
n w
ith
live
bir
ths
in t
he
cu
rre
nt
year
Years
total population urban population rural population
Slide 3
Alexander Razumov
Mean Age of Mothers at Childbearing, years
Live Births by Mothers Marital Status Slide 4
Alexander Razumov
1266800 1311604
1396967 1477301 1502477
1457376 1479637
1610122
1713947 1761687 1788948 1796629
1902084
912547 934343 985506
1038386 1055386 1020301 1048125
1159343
1253529 1302339
1344057 1355098
1448578
354253 377261 411461 438915 447091 437075 431512 450779 460418 459348 444891 441531 453506
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
pe
rso
ns
Years
Live births, total including registered marriage including not registered marriage
Live Births by Mothers Marital Status
72,0 71,2 70,5 70,3 70,2 70,0 70,8 72,0 73,1 73,9
75,1 75,4 76,2
28,0 28,8 29,5 29,7 29,8 30,0 29,2 28,0 26,9 26,1
24,9 24,6 23,8
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Years
Share in Total Live Births, percent
registered marriage not registered marriage
Slide 5
Alexander Razumov
Abortion
2138,8
1675,7
1064
542,1 405,5
293,9
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000 2005 2012
tho
usa
nd
s
Years
Number of abortions, total
of which mini-abortion
54,2
42,7
29,3
13,7 10,3 8,1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2005 2012
pe
r 1
00
0 w
om
en
age
d 1
5-4
9
Years
Number of abortions, total of which mini-abortion
168,7
117,4
56,2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2000 2005 2012
pe
r 1
00
bir
ths
Years
Number of abortions, total
Slide 6
Alexander Razumov
Tools and Measures of Demographic Policy
Material/monetary measures .
Labour market/employment policy measures .
Non-material/ non-monetary measures .
The Amount of Main Allowances on Maternity and Childhood, rubles Slide 8
Alexander Razumov
7000
10000 10000
11000 11000
11000 11000
14000
15820
17402
18533,1
19645,1
6000
8000
8000
8680
9989,9
10988,9
11703,1 12405,3
500 700
1500 1627,5 1873,1 2060,4 2194,3 2326 500 700
3000 3255 3746,2
4120,8 4388,7
4652
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Years
One-time birth certificate
One-time grant/allowance to pregnant wife of military man
One-time birth grant/allowance
Monthly allowance to cover the costs of caring for the first child until 1,5 year
Monthly allowance to cover the costs of caring for the second and subsequent children until 1,5 year
Maternity Capital Policy
250000 276250
321163 343379
365698 387640
408960
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
tho
usa
nd
ru
ble
s
Year
Amount of maternity capital
313.803
568.644
940.290
789.387
700.505 723.651
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1.000.000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Number of certificates of maternity capital issued by Pension Fund of Russia
Directions/Aims of Spending Maternity Capital
Acquiring housing/improving housing conditions;
Paying for children’s education;
Investing in the mother’s retirement fund.
Slide 9
Alexander Razumov
Other Monetary Tools and Measures at Regional Level
Regional family capital, in 72 regions, the amount varies from 25 to 350
thousand rubes.
Allowance/grant for the third and subsequent children at the amount of regional
subsistence minimum for child up to 3 yeas (childbirth motivation & escape
poverty).
Reducing the amount of paying for housing and communal services for families
with 3 or more children.
Free local transport for those families.
Free nutrition in schools kinder gardens for those families.
Employment Policies
Keeping balance between care of children and employment.
Employment of woman after vacation on child care, their re-integration into
employment.
Flexible employment (part-time work, work at home, distant employment).
Professional training and retraining according to labour market demand.
Special programs of retraining and employment to avoid/escape hazard
employment conditions.
Creation of new jobs with safe working conditions.
Non-Material/ Non-Monetary measures
Priority of family values, enhancing of family traditions.
Propaganda/respect/ of society towards families with 3 and more children.
Policy of solidarity of generations.
Role of mass-media.
State and regional awards.
Thank you for your attention!