An Age of Anxiety:Prelude to World War I I

Prelude to War

Search for stability

Europe characterized by pessimism

Aversion to war

Totalitarians, Fascism, Dictatorships

Prelude to War

World War I - The Treaty of Versailles

This treaty had been very unfavorable to Germany Territory lost Sole blame for the war Limited defense capabilities Reparations

Inflation

The Ruhr Crisis

1923 - Germany announced that it can’t pay reparations

Invasion of the Ruhr by France

Inflation gets worse – hyperinflation

Weimar Republic Reichstag

Crisis in Germany

Other countries made plans to help ease the German burden

The Dawes Plan – 1924

Treaty of Locarno - 1925

Kellogg-Briand Pact -1928

The Great Depression

Rise of Fascism

Germany – Adolf Hitler

Italy – Benito Mussolini

Desperation

Many Europeans were desperate for change

This provided an opening for fascism / totalitarianism

Form of government usually headed by a dictator. It involves government control over politics, economy, culture, religion and society.

  1. Extremely nationalistic and expansionist.

2. Hate Marxism/communism/socialism

3. Hate liberalism – individual not important

4. The state was the all important political structure.

5. Celebrate war and violence – militaristic

6. Racism

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

-Italy’s economy was in decline after WWI

-Didn’t gain territory they were promised

-1919 Mussolini started the 1st Fascist Party

-Gained support

-By 1926, controlled Italy

-Hitler admired Mussolini

HITLER’S RISE TO POWER

  FACTORS IN HITLER’S RISE TO POWER

Germany's defeat in WWI and the effect of the defeat on the German people.

Economic, political, and social developments in Germany 1920-30s.

Way in which Hitler appealed to the German people.

Ineffectiveness of the Weimar Republic Reichstag

HITLER’S RISE TO POWER

Beer Hall Putcsh – November 8, 1923

-Mein Kampf – 1924“My Struggle”

Set forth his ideas / plans for the future of Germany- Blame Aryans vs. Jews- Leadership -International conquest -Step Plan -Lebensraum – “living space” or “breathing space”

Legal Takeover

Reichstag Elections Propaganda National Campaigns

Election of 1930 Nazi’s increased their seats in the Reichstag Gained increased support

Election of 1932 Storm Troopers

1933 – Hitler is named Chancellor of Germany Reichstag Fire

Nazi Goverment

The Enabling Act

Hitler established a police state GESTAPO

Very repressive

Very racist and ethnocentric Anti-semitism Jews losts their jobs Synagogues were burned down

Censorship

Night of the Long Knives

Anti – Semitism

Stage I - Nuremberg Laws 1935

Stage II - Crystal Night [Night of broken glass]- Nov 1938

Anti – Semitism

Stage III

Holocaust

Japan – Rise of Militarism

Japan – the Rise of Militarism

- Asia for Asians

- Military leaders took control of government

- Aggressive imperialism

- Japan grew closer to Italy and Germany

Emperor Hirohito

General Tojo