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Background - Decline & Rebirth of Nuclear Power
Case Study - Capacity Factors, Power Uprates, License Renewal, Operations/Performance Improvements to Maximize Value
Ongoing/Implemented Industry Efforts
Economy – Interest Rates, Recession, Public Fear/Distrust
TMI 2, Chernobyl, Regulatory Requirements
Relative Inexperience
Poor Capacity/Availability
High O&M Costs
Global Warming, Impetus to Conserve/Use Fossil Fuels Judiciously, High Fossil Fuel Costs
Deregulation, Consolidation of Ownership
Streamlining of Regulations
Improved Capacity, Availability, Performance, Operations & Maintenance
Cost-Effective Capacity Additions, Operating License Renewals
Low/Stable O&M Costs, Public Acceptance
5
1
4
12
7
9
8
15 6
10
22
29
38
46 47
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 (As ofJan.)Year
No
. o
f O
pe
rati
ng
Lic
en
se
s R
en
ew
ed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Cu
mu
lati
ve
Nu
mb
er
of
Op
era
tin
g L
ice
ns
es
Re
ne
we
d
No. of Operating Licenses Renewed Cumulative
Originally Licensed to Operate at 2436 MWt in 1974
Until 1994, 67% Average Capacity Factor
Production Cost in 1994 was 40.0 Mills/Kwhr
RFO was 96 Days in 1994
SPU of 5% Implemented in 1997
Increased Focus Since 1994 on Operations, Maintenance, Safety, Performance & Reliability Resulted in Average Capacity Factor of 97% for 2000-2002
No Unplanned Shutdown in 2001-2002
Production Cost for Same Period was 12.8 Mills/Kwhr Compared to 40.0 Mills/Kwhr in 1994
Ranked in Top Quartile for Five Consecutive Years in Capacity Factor & Production Costs
EPU of 15% Implemented in Two Phases: First Phase – 2003 & Second Phase - 2005
In First Phase – Installation of Highly-Enriched Fuel, Replacement of Power Range Instrumentation, HP Heaters, Upgrade of Turbine Control Valves, Rewind of Main Generator Stator, Upgrade of Condensate Polishing System Filters, Etc.
Payback from First Phase was Immediate
RFO in 2003 Lasted Only 29 Days
In Second Phase – Replacement of Main Transformer, LP Heaters, Main Generator Isophase Cooling, Standby Condensate Pump, Upgrade of RFPs, Reheaters, Chemistry Systems, Etc.
Environmental Assessment of EPU Conducted by NRC Deemed Impact Insignificant
In 2004, Application Submitted to NRC for Renewal of OL by 20 Years
In 2006, NRC Approved Application and Renewed OL
The Asset Showed Continued Improvement with 95% Capacity Factor in 2006 and 97% in Feb. 2007
Shorter/Optimized RFO & Planned Outages – Increased Plant Availability, Lower Operating Costs due to Reduced Maintenance Costs
Increased Focus on Plant Performance
Re-Engineering, Self-Assessment, Cost-Effective Capital Investments
Incorporating Lessons Learned – Decreased Unplanned Outages
Improved Outage Management Strategy
Increased Effectiveness of Failure Prevention Programs including Maintenance – Help to Identify Advance Equipment Degradation from Aging
Efficient Use/Sharing of Resources
Greater Use of Analytical Tools to Balance Costs and Benefits of Proposed Activities
Power Uprates, OL Renewals