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Education and Human Resource Development
in Myanmar: at a crossroad
Tin Htut, Ph. D Rector
Yezin Agricultural University
April 28, 2014
1
OUTLINE
• Overview of Education Sector in Myanmar
• Education for Human Resource Development
• Present Status of Education Sector in
Myanmar
• Future educational perspective for Myanmar
• Key messages and urgent needs
2
Overview of Education Sector in Myanmar - Fragmented education sector review - Overwhelmed rote learning and tuition system both
in basic and higher education - Lack of motivation, innovation and analytical skill - Limited resource materials (cheap education) - Underdeveloped job market - Lack of inter-linkages among the institutions - Needing quality control and accreditation - Inadequate qualified teaching staff - Poor institutional capacity/ lack of good
institutional practices (GIP)/ lack of good institutional culture (GIC)
3
Progress on education sector in Myanmar
• Educational sector development policy and strategies are thoughtfully formulated
• Participatory planning • Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) first
phase has been completed • Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) second
phase is on progress • National Qualification Framework (NQF) is on progress • National Education Law has been drafted and under
parliamentary review
leading to more progressive education sector performance
4
Six core areas
• Development of human resource • Utilization of technology • Expansion of research • Development of a lifelong learning society • Promotion of the quality of education and • Preservation of national identity and national
values
5
(MoE, 2013)
Basic Education Sector Administration Structure (Source: MOE, 2013)
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7
Myanmar National Education Committee
Universities’ Central Council Council of Universities Academic Bodies Council
Ministry of Education Other Ministries
169 universities
Department of higher education (upper Myanmar)
Department of higher education (lower Myanmar)
Department of Myanmar Language Commission
University 19 Degree Colleges 1 Affiliated Departments 6 Teacher 3897 Student 223957
University 21 Degree Colleges 3 Teacher 5295 Student 206407
Higher Education Sector Administration Structure (Source: MOE, 2013)
No. Ministry No. of University
1. Education 68 2. Health 15 3. Science and Technology 62 4. Defense 6 5. Culture 2 6. Environmental Conservation and Forestry 1 7. Agriculture and Irrigation 1 8. Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development 1 9. Co-operatives 5
10. Religious Affairs 3 11. Border Affairs 3 12. Transport 2
Total 169
8
Distribution of Universities and Colleges
Vision, goal and mission of higher education sector in Myanmar Vision:
Sustainable education system that will generate a learning society capable of developing knowledge-based economy
Goal: Ensuring and expanding social safety-net through well balanced education system
Mission: To provide public service through research, training and extension To create education system for the national human resources development which enables the professionals to provide leadership in different institutions and, in addition, supply science and technology and contribute to national and regional growth and development
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Gap/Challenges of Education for HRD • Pedagogy/ Curriculum and syllabus • Teachers’ attitude • Acquisition of Knowledge • Education for educators • Quality educators • Capital investment for physical and intellectual • Governance and Management • Equity and Diversity • Students’ motivation • Parental guidance • Job market • Improved organizational set up • Improved institutional practices
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Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature, through instruction, discipline, and harmonious development of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, social and spiritual powers of the human beings.
(Erwin, 1991)
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Education for Human Resource Development
Societal value addition
Improved social capital value
Human capital
Human development
Education
12
Education based development model
Expected core values in the future higher education for Myanmar
ü Sustainability ü Excellence ü Science and Innovation ü Learner-centered ü Development driver and nation builder ü Public service
13
Impact Points for Education Development Promoting Accessibility
Empowering Rural Society
Market-oriented Education System
International Engagement
Political and Economic Capacity
Initiative Maximization
Lifelong Learning
Educational Research for Development
Public Private Partnership
Sustainable Education Development
14
Development perspectives in education sector
Preschool Education
Basic Education
Higher Education
Vocational Education
Adult Education
Rural Education
Lifelong Education
Remote and Distant
Education
User-oriented
Education
Education Sector
Development
15
Education Gap
Knowledge Gap
Intellectual Gap
Economic Gap
Social Conflict
Current scenario in society
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No. Department M.Sc holders Ph.D holders Total
1 Department of Agriculture 43 28 71 2 Department of Industrial Crops Development 28 8 36 3 Department of Agricultural Research 18 15 33 4 Department of Agricultural Planning 16 4 20 5 Irrigation Development 15 4 19 6 Yezin Agricultural University 14 39 53 7 Settlement and Land Record Department 10 1 11 8 Water Resource Department 7 - 7 9 Farm Mechanization Department 2 - 2 10 Myanma Agricultural Development Bank 2 - 2
Total 155 99 254
Number of Agricultural Professionals trained abroad (as of October, 2013)
Provision of incentive career to professionals is needed.
17
Key messages for education sector development
• Mainstreaming and streamlining • Prioritization • Skill building • Good institutional practices and culture • Improved interconnectivity • Well formulated investment strategies • Sustained political will and supports • Engagement with stakeholders • Mindset changes • Emerging national comprehensive educational development plan • Professional career planning
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Urgent needs • Full organizational strength of education
institutions • Curriculum review and reform for demand side • Development of campus as well as teaching and
learning environment • SWOT analysis and road mapping • Equity and Diversity in access to education • Prioritization and Participatory university
comprehensive development plan and bottom up exercise
• University management reform • Staff development; leadership and management • Strengthening and effective use of IT in degree and
non-degree training programs • Linking to industry • Investment strategies
19
Thank You
20