TIME LINE

• BC---BEFORE CHRIST• AD----ANNO DOMINI• CA----COMMON ERA• BCE-----BEFORE COMMON ERA• CIRCA---AROUND

Location of Greece

geographyGRECCE

• Full of great mountains

• Habitable land– mainly of small pockets

EFFECTS

• Internal communication was difficult

• The mountains of inland Greece separated the

inhabitants into groups or clans.

geography

In the period from 500-336 BC Greece was

divided into small city states, each of which

consisted of a city and its surrounding countryside.

GEOLOGY

• Ample supply of good building stones

• Fine quality of marbleIMPACT-ADVANTAGES OF MARBLE• Exactness of line• Refined details• Smooth finish

IONIC COLUMN

Art of Greece

GRAVE MONUMENT

LION AND BULL

Climate and influence

• Clear and bright with sea-breeze.

• Climate was mostly pleasant

• Colonnade and porticoes were important features in Greek architecture.

Climate and influenceAmphitheater

• Administration of justice, dramatic presentation and public ceremonies were held in open air.

• Outdoor activity was enjoyed

Religion and its influences

• Religion was important and Temple was main building

• But there was no regular priesthood and the priest led a normal community life.

• The religious ceremonies included sacred games which led to Greek athletic contest.

THE GREEK GODS

Zeus-(Roman name Jupiter) Married to Hera. Zeus is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him.Poseidon-Brother of Zeus. The God of the sea and worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite. He is second most powerful god.Hades-Brother of Zeus. God of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is also the god of wealth.Aphrodite-Wife of Hephaestus. Goddess of love and beauty.

Hestia-Sister of Zeus. Goddess of the Home. Each city had a public hearth sacred to Hestia.Hera-Married to Zeus and is his sister too. Hera is the goddess of marriage and childbirth. Ares-Son of Zeus and Hera. God of war. His bird is the vulture. Apollo-Son of Zeus and Leto. Apollo is the god of music.Artemis-Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo . Artemis is the huntsman of the gods. She is the protector of the young.Athena-Daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. Goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. Her tree is the olive. Hermes-Son of Zeus and Maia. He is the messenger of the gods. He is the fastest of the gods.Hephaestus -on of Zeus and Hera. His wife is Aphrodite. He is the only god to be physically ugly

Two Principal Period

• Archaic Period(700 – 480 BCE )• Helenic (Greek)(650-323)BC-classical-refers to the people who lived in

classical Greece before Alexander the Great's death. • Greek were isolated and their civilization was termed classic because it

was not heavily influenced by outside forces

• Helenistic (Greek-like) (323-330)BC after Alexander • Hellenistic refers to Greeks and others who lived during the period

after Alexander's conquests. They differ from Hellenic in territory (geographic influences), culture (philosophy and religion), and political systems (changed from a democracy to many small monarchies and ultimately to be controlled by Rome).

HistoryThe first European civilization( Minoans civilization,3000-1100BC)

Crete Island

Ruins of Kenosis Palace in Create

Their civilization was destroyed by a large volcanic eruption 300 km away, layering it in hot volcanic ash

history MINOANS AND MYCENAEAN-----CRETE ISLAND

GREECE• First sea power-----also called Aegean culture• It had trade route around the whole meditrainian sea with

Asia MinorCyprus, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, Sicily and Italy.

Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Aegean

Social structure•

Greece in the Archaic Period(700 – 480 BCE )was made up from independent states, called Polis, or city state. The polis of Athens included about 2,500 sq km. of territory, but other Polis with smaller areas of 250 sq km.

• Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, Syracuse, Miletus, Halicarnassus

• Greek Society was mainly broken up between Free people and Slaves.• Slaves were used as servants and laborers, without any legal rights.

Sometimes the slaves were prisoners of war or bought from foreign slave traders. Although many slaves lived closely with their owners, few were skilled craftsmen and even fewer were paid.

As Athenian society evolved, free men were divided between Citizens and Metics.

• A citizen was born with Athenian parents and were the most powerful group, that could take part in the government of the Polis.

• After compulsory service in the army they were expected to be government officials and take part in Jury Service.

• A metic was of foreign birth that had migrated to Athens, to either trade or practice a craft.

• A metic had to pay taxes and sometimes required to serve in the army. However, they could never achieve full right s of a Citizen, neither could they own houses or land and were not allowed to speak in law courts.

• The social classes applied to men only, as women all took their social and legal status from their husband or their male partner. Women in ancient Greece were not permitted to take part in public life.

Government•

c.800 BCThe majority of Greek states were governed by groups of rich landowners, called aristocrats; this word is derived from 'aristoi', meaning best people. This was a system known as 'oligarchy' the rule by the few.

• c.750 BCAthenian power in the Archaic Period was controlled by Aeropagus, or council. Their policies were delivered through three magistrates called Archons.

• c.500 BCDemocracy was introduced by an aristocrat, Cleisthenes.

SPARTIANS AND ATHENIAN