Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize is an international prize which is awarded annually by the Norwegian Nobel Committee according to guidelines laid down in Alfred Nobel's will. The Peace Prize is one of five prizes that have been awarded annually since 1901 for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.

Alfred  Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896)

Alfred Nobel InventorBusinessmanPeace-loverAlfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm on 21 October 1833. The menfolk of the family were engineers and businessmen. In 1842, Alfred moved with his mother and brothers to St. Petersburg, where his father Immanuel Nobel had opened an armaments factory a few years previously. He manufactured landmines for the Tsar's army, and made good profits. Alfred did not attend school but received private tutoring from good teachers. He was quick to master four foreign languages, and showed great ability in the natural sciences, especially chemistry.

 Alfred Nobel's will

"The whole of my remaining realisable estate shall be disposed of in the following way:the capital, invested in safe securities by my executors, shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually awarded as prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The interest shall be divided into five equal parts, to be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or invention; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who in the field of literature shall have produced the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations and the abolition or reduction of standing armies and the formation and spreading of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; for physiological or medical works by the Carolinska Institute in Stockholm; for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and for advocates of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in the awarding of the prizes no consideration shall be given to national affiliations of any kind, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not."

First Nobel Prize 1901

Henri Dunant1/2 of the prizeSwitzerland1828-1910Founder of the Red Cross Initiator of the Geneva Convention

Frederic Passy1/2 of the prizeFrance1822-1912Founder and President of the first French peace society

Mohammad Abdus Salam(29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996)The 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded "for his contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"

He is the first Pakistani to receive the award. He is also the first and only Pakistani scientist to be awarded the Nobel Prize. He was a member of the world wide Ahmadiyya Muslim community, which the government of Pakistan declared to be non-Muslim in Pakistan in a 1974 constitutional amendment.

Nobel Prize in Muslims Anwar al-Sadat . Egyptian President (1918 –1981)He, along with Menachem Begin was awarded 1978 Nobel Peace Prize "for their contribution to the two frame agreements on peace in the Middle East, and on peace between Egypt and Israel.

Yasser Arafat The 1994 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East"

Nobel Prize in Muslims

Shirin Ebadi (born 21 June 1947)The 2003 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Ebadi "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"

Tawakel Karman (born 7 Feb1979)

The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was given "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"

Selection

Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a short list of candidates for further review is created. This short list is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the Institute's Director and the Research Director and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the Committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but this is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October

The Nobel Laureate Receives a

Diploma,

Medal,

Document Confirming the Prize Amount.

As of 2013, the prize was worth 10 million SEK (about US$1.5 million).

Thank

you Qamar IqbalNational Ambulance

College Islamabad Pakistan Res Crescent