SRI LANKADilhani N. Perera

[Dip.mgt (S.L),DMKT (S.L),ADMS (S.L),PGDM(S.L)]

Key factors

• Capital - Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (6°54′N 79°54′E)

• Largest city – Colombo

• Population (2012 census ) - 20,277,597 (57th)

• HDI (2012) 0.715[7], high 92nd

• Currency - Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)

• Official languages- Sinhala & English

• Official religion- Buddhism

Geography

• Sri Lanka lies on the Indian tectonic plate, a minor plate within the Indo-Australian Plate.

• It is in the Indian Ocean southwest of the Bay of Bengal, between latitudes 5° and 10°N, and longitudes 79° and 82°E.

• The longest of the 103 rivers in the country is Mahaweli River,

• Covering 335 kilometres (208 mi).

• These waterways give rise to 51 natural waterfalls of 10 meters or more.

• The highest is Bambarakanda Falls, with a height of 263 meters (863 ft.).

Waterfalls in Sri Lanka

History

• In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travelers by a variety of names. Known in India as Lanka or Sinhala, ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobane pron.:

• In 1972, the name was changed to "Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka".

• In 1978 it was changed to the "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka".

Pre-historic time

• The pre-history of Sri Lanka dates back over 125 thousand years ,

• The era spans the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron ages.

• Among the Paleolithic (Homo erectus) human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala (named after the Chinese traveler monk Fa-Hsien),

• Which dates back to 37,000 BP, Batadombalena (28,500 BP) and Belilena (12,000 BP) are the most important.

• The remains of Balangoda Man, an anatomically modern human, found inside these caves,

Ancient Sri Lanka

• According to the Mahavamsa, a chronicle written in Pāli language, the ancient period of Sri Lanka begins in 543 BC with the landing of Vijaya,

• He established the Kingdom of Tambapanni, near modern day Mannar.

• Vijaya is the first of the approximately 189 native monarchs of Sri Lanka that the chronicles like Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Chulavamsa, and Rājāvaliya,

• Sri Lankan dynastic history spanned a period of 2359 years, from 543 BC to AD 1815, until the land became part of the British Empire.

Cont.

• The Kingdom of Sri Lanka moved to Anuradhapura in 380 BC,

• Thereafter, Anuradhapura served as the capital of the country for nearly 1400 years.

• Ancient Sri Lankans excelled in various constructions such as tanks, dagobas and palaces.

• The society underwent a major transformation during the reign of Devanampiya Tissa, with the arrival of Buddhism,

• In 250 BC, bhikkhu Mahinda the son of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka arrived in Mihintale, carrying the message of Buddhism.

Sigiriya

Aukana Buddha stachu

Lowahamahapaya

Dambulu Temple

Cont.

• His mission won over the monarch, who embraced the faith and propagated it throughout the Sinhalese population.

• The succeeding kingdoms of Sri Lanka would maintain a large number of Buddhist schools and monasteries,

• Sri Lankan Bikkhus studied in India's famous ancient Buddhist University of Nalanda,

• In 245 BC, bhikkhu Sanghamitta arrived with the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi tree,

• It is considered the oldest human-planted tree (with a continuous historical record) in the world.

Mihintale

Sri Dalada Maligawa-Present Buddhist center

Medieval Sri Lanka

• The medieval period of Sri Lanka begins with the fall of Anuradhapura Kingdom.

• In AD 993, the invasion of Chola emperor Rajaraja I forced the then Sri Lankan ruler Mahinda V to flee to the southern part of the country.

• Mahinda V was captured and taken to India, and the Cholas sacked the city of Anuradhapura.

• Following a seventeen-year long campaign, Vijayabahu I successfully drove the Chola out of Sri Lanka,

• During the medieval period, Sri Lanka was divided to three sub-territories, namely Ruhunu, Pihiti and Maya.

Colonization

• By the end of the 19th century, a new educated social class transcending race,

• Caste arose through British attempts to staff the Ceylon Civil Service and the legal, educational, and medical professions.

• New leaders represented the various ethnic groups of the population in the Ceylon Legislative Council on a communal basis.

30ty Years war

• The armed forces has thereby expanded to its current size and are in a continuous mobilized state for the last 30 years.

• Marking a rare occurrence in modern military history, Sri Lankan military was able to bring a decisive end to the Sri Lankan Civil War in May 2009.

• Sri Lanka claimed itself the first country in the modern world to eradicate terrorism on its own soil.

• Sri Lankan Armed Forces have engaged in United Nations peacekeeping operations since the early 1960s.

• It has contributed with forces as permanent contingents deployed in several UN peacekeeping missions in Chad, Lebanon and Haiti.

LTTE’s brutal attacks

In January 1996, the LTTE carried out one of their deadliest suicide bomb attacks at the Central Bank in Colombo, killing 90 and injuring 1,400. In October 1997 they bombed the Sri Lankan World Trade Centre and, in January 1998, detonated a truck bomb in Kandy (Mahanuvara), damaging the Temple of the Tooth, one of the holiest Buddhist shrines in the world.

Central Bank bomb blast

Sri Dalada Maligawa bomb blast

Aranthalawa mascare

Kabithigolawa bus bomb

After 30ty years later they got freedom

Present Sri Lanka

Bibliography

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_lanka

• http://www.srilanka.travel/

• http://www.mahawamsa.lk

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