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© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Age and Society
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Aging and Society
• Age stratification varies from culture to culture– “Being old” is master status that
commonly overshadows all others in U.S.– All who live long enough will eventually
assume ascribed status of older person
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
World’s “Oldest” CountriesVersus the United States, 2006
Source: Bureau of the Census 2005d (projected).
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Perspectives on Aging• Increase in life expectancy has led to
referring to people in their 60s as the “young old”– Those in their 80s and beyond are the “old
old”
• Gerontology: study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and problems of the aged
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Perspectives on Aging• Disengagement theory: society and aging
individuals mutually sever many of their relationships– Highlights significance of social order
• Activity theory: elderly persons who remain active and socially involved are best adjusted– Withdrawal viewed as harmful to both the elderly
and society
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Perspectives on Aging
• Ageism and Discrimination– Ageism: prejudice and discrimination
based on age– Critics argue that neither disengagement
nor activity theory considers impact of social structure and social class on patterns of aging
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Aging in the United States
• The Graying of America– In 1900, 4.1 percent of the U.S. population
was age 65 or older; by 2010 it will be 13 percent
– Highest proportions of older people are in Florida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Iowa, West Virginia, and Arkansas
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Actual and Projected Growth of the Elderly Population in the United States
Source: Bureau of the Census2004a: 113; He et al. 2005: 9.
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Twenty-Eight Floridas by 2030
Source: Bureau of the Census 2005c.
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Aging in the United States• Wealth and Income
– Typical older person has standard of living higher than in the nation’s past; class differences remain
• Competition in the Labor Force– In 2007, 34 percent of men and 26 percent of
women aged 65 to 69 were in paid labor force– Older workers face discrimination in the labor
force
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Rising Labor Force Participation Rates Among the Elderly
Source: Gendell 2008: 47.
© 2009 The McGraw Hill Companies
Death and Dying• Death has been a taboo topic in U.S.• Kübler-Ross identified five stages of
dying• Kalish laid out issues people must face to
have “good death”• Hospice care: has goal of helping people die comfortably without pain
• Recent studies in U.S. suggest people are breaking through historic taboos about death