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Webinar - Adding to Additive Manufacturing with Particle Size and Shape Analysis
Many Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) use particle powders as a raw material. The particle size and shape have a strong effect on the manufacturing result. Therefore it is important for manufacturers and suppliers to control the particle size and shape of their powders used in this process. In order to control particle size and shape these parameters must be measured. We discuss how to use the CAMSIZER technology to improve additive manufacturing results by monitoring the incoming particles. Value of Dynamic Image Analysis in 3D additive manufacturing How does Dynamic Image Analysis work? Why two cameras can control and monitor dust and oversize? Check the production of 3D printing powders Check the incoming raw material and the recycled powder for reuse
CAMSIZER XT 3D Printing
Additive Manufacturing
June 23 of 2016
Jeff Bodycomb HORIBA Scientific
Gert Beckmann
Retsch Technology GmbH
4
Classification Technology Description Materials Developers (Country)
Binder Jetting 3D Printing Ink-Jetting
S-Print M-Print
Creates objects by depositing a binding agent to join powdered
material.
Metal, Polymer, Ceramic
ExOne (USA) VoxelJet (Germany) 3D Systems (USA)
Direct Energy Deposition
Direct Metal Deposition Laser Deposition
Laser Consolidation Electron Beam Direct Melting
Builds parts by using focused thermal energy to fuse materials as they are deposited on a substrate.
Metal powder, Metal wire
DV3D (USA) NRC-IMI (Canada)
Irepa Laser (France) Trumpf (Germany)
Sciaky (USA) Material Extrusion
Fused Deposition Modelling Creates objects by dispensing material through a nozzle to build
layers.
Polymer Stratasys (USA) Delta Micro Factory (China)
3D Systems (USA) Material Jetting Polyjet
Ink-Jetting Thermojet
Builds parts by depositing small droplets of build material, which
are then cured by exposure to light.
Photo-polymer, Wax
Stratasys (USA) LUXeXcel (Netherlands)
3D Systems (USA) Powder Bed
Fusion Direct Metal Laser Sintering
Selective Laser Melting Electron Beam Melting
Selective Laser Sintering
Creates objects by using thermal energy to fuse regions of a powder
bed.
Metal, Polymer, Ceramic
EOS (Germany), Renishaw (UK) Phenix Systems (France)
Matsuna Machinery (Japan) ARCAM (Sweden) 3D Systems (USA)
Sheet Lamination
Ultrasonic Consolidation Laminated Object Manufacture
Builds parts by trimming sheets of material and binding them together
in layers.
Hybrids, Metallic, Ceramic
Fabrisonic (USA) CAM-LEM (USA)
VAT Photopoly-merisation
Stereolithography Digital Light Processing
Builds parts by using light to selectively cure layers of material in
a vat of photopolymer.
Photo-polymer, Ceramic
3D Systems (USA) EnvisionTEC (Germany)
DWS Srl (Italy) Lithoz (Austria)
Processes
5
Type Technologies Materials
Extrusion Fused deposition modeling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Thermoplastics, Eutectic metals, Edible materials, Rubbers, Modeling clay, Plasticine, Metal clay (including Precious Metal Clay)
Robocasting or Direct Ink Writing (DIW)
Ceramic materials, Metal alloy, Cermet, Metal matrix composite, Ceramic matrix composite
Light polymerized Stereolithography (SLA) Photopolymer Digital Light Processing (DLP) Photopolymer
Powder Bed Powder bed and inkjet head 3D Printing (3DP)
Almost any metal alloy, Powdered polymers, Plaster
Electron-Beam Melting (EBM) Almost any metal alloy including Titanium alloys
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Titanium alloys, Cobalt Chrome alloys, Stainless Steel, Aluminium
Selective Heat Sintering (SHS) Thermoplastic powder
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Thermoplastics, Metal powders, Ceramic powders
Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)
Almost any metal alloy
Laminated Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
Paper, Metal foil, Plastic film
Powder Fed Directed Energy Deposition Almost any metal alloy
Wire Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3)
Almost any metal alloy
Processes
Example of 3D Printing
6
Example for 3D printing
7 Retsch Technology GmbH
3D Printing (Plastic and Metal Powder) Applications Plastic, Ceramic & Metal Powder
8 Retsch Technology GmbH
Automotive, Airospace Industry, Fast Prototyping => small numbers => individual modifications Paper => Plastics => Metal Laser Melting (3D Metal Printing)
Vacuum or Nylon Casting
Product Examples (3D Printing Powders)
9 Retsch Technology GmbH
The worlds first 3D printed metal gun is a beautiful .45 caliber M1911 pistol
The worlds first 3D printed dress
3D Printing of Metal Construstions
10 Retsch Technology GmbH
3D printing with metal: The final frontier of additive manufacturing
CAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid Prototyping
11 Retsch Technology GmbH
12 Retsch Technology GmbH
CAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid Prototyping
Now
http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/esa-plan-selbstgedrucktes-auf-dem-mond-fotostrecke-92643-4.html
13 Retsch Technology GmbH
CAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid Prototyping
Future ?
Present !
Content
Instrument
1.Measurement principle
2.Results
Applications
3. Markets and applications
4. Alternative analysis methods
14 Retsch Technology GmbH
CCD - Basic CCD - Zoom Detection of particles
One pixel is element of a projection when at least half of the pixel is covered.
Measurement principle
Resolution
Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT)
16 Retsch Technology GmbH
Advanced, patented optics design
Sample flow
Light source 2
Light source 1
Basic Camera
Zoom Camera
17 Retsch Technology GmbH
Advanced, patented optics design
Sample flow
Light source 2
Light source 1
Basic Camera
Zoom Camera
Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT)
18 Retsch Technology GmbH
Advanced, patented optics design
Sample flow
Light source 2
Light source 1
Basic Camera
Zoom Camera
Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT)
19 Retsch Technology GmbH
Advanced, patented optics design
Sample flow
Light source 2
Light source 1
Basic Camera
Zoom Camera
Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT)
Measurement Results
20 Retsch Technology GmbH
What is the size of this particle?
Particle Size
21 Retsch Technology GmbH
xc min
xc min
width
A
A = A x a
rea
diameter over projection surface
xarea length
xFe max
xFe max
CAMSIZER results are
compatible with
sieve analysis
Results X-Jet
22 Retsch Technology GmbH
Better Size Analysis due to Understanding of Particle Shape: Length, Width, Average Diameter
23 Retsch Technology GmbH
Breadth-/ Length-Ratio
Roundness
Symmetry
Convexity
xFe max
xc min
A
r1
r2 C
A convex
A real
Particle Shape (CAMSIZER and CAMSIZER XT)
P
24 Retsch Technology GmbH
Roundness with Krumbeins Chart
25 Retsch Technology GmbH
Manual Roundness Measurement
Retsch Technology GmbH
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Correlation RDNS_C - Roundness 1
2
3
4
5
1
2
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5
Rou
ndne
ss (R
DN
S_C
CA
MS
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R)
Roundness (visual ISO procedure)
R = 0.9694
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000.650.5990.6741.08959376740.9690325801
000.780.6590.7831.18057663130.9940799191
000.460.4810.4350.95911295911.0593913967
000.530.5390.5530.98206555350.9569069547
000.660.5670.6101.16284538511.0806571106
000.490.4820.4371.01867219921.1223931549
000.660.5770.6301.15020219531.0531154874
000.630.5740.6241.10452961671.0157115982
000.470.4730.4200.9883720931.114009376
000.710.6110.6971.1598472451.0174025252
000.630.5860.6481.07849829350.9751974588
000.610.5820.6401.04524627720.9502967919
000.390.4390.3550.89293849661.1052919536
000.5420.55900
000.350.4320.3420.81327160491.0278310042
000.370.4340.3450.84408602151.0604024847
000.690.6020.6791.14451827241.0142423522
000.630.6020.6791.05094130680.9313168769
000.400.4800.4330.83750.9273686914
000.760.6590.7831.148204350.9668215152
000.680.6090.6931.11767925560.9825674275
000.380.4490.3730.83593170011.0053200454
000.350.4750.4240.72982456140.8183944881
000.740.6170.7081.19556996221.0421057883
000.690.6190.7121.10877759830.9644893804
000.590.5660.6081.03415783270.9625524472
000.580.5620.6001.03618030840.9705224159
000.580.5640.6041.03250591020.9640226072
000.630.5750.6261.09971014491.0098021882
000.850.7110.8621.1884669480.9808063931
000.820.7050.8531.16879432620.965633291
000.860.6820.8201.26099706741.049258006
000.850.7070.8561.19943422910.9905498991
000.740.6640.7911.11445783130.9355984793
000.760.6800.8171.12352941180.935660108
000.810.7090.8591.13963328630.9408182781
000.820.7190.8721.1404728790.940266085
000.100.1220.0700.81967213111.4234197489
001.000.8540.9801.17096018741.0202005935
001.000.9740.9991.02669404521.0011969625
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CAnpassrd (reciproke) (3)
Green Diamonds = Datapoint to create Blue Polynom FitBlue = old Polynom Fit (not editable)Red = Data points of reziproke function of Blue Polynom FitPurple = Fit function (polynom) of Red datapoints
aktuell
umkehr
Punkte
umkehr fit
CAnpassrd (reciproke) (2)
nopoly (raw)
Calculated with polinominal function
CAnpassrd (reciproke)
0-0.0291
1.351.638514.955*x^5-39.9*x^4+34.6*x^3-10.*x^2+1.35*x
-10-1.5335
34.60.2356
-39.90.7284
14.95500
11
aktuellumkehrumkehr fit
00000-0.029100.05operatornopoly (raw)Calculated with polinominal function
0.020.02327046390.02327046390.020.020.00305860130.10.050.430.4400.3570.98484848481.215492942
0.040.04011378740.04011378740.040.040.03400334310.20.150.530.5110.4961.03131115461.0626475635
0.060.0519681250.0519681250.060.060.06374972970.30.30.760.6360.7431.18710691821.0165312032
0.080.06012990050.06012990050.080.080.09231606250.40.40.350.3840.2600.92144097221.3592852673
0.10.065759550.065759550.10.10.119723440.450.450.540.5130.5001.05847953221.0859850113
0.120.06988726430.06988726430.120.120.14599575780.50.520.700.6020.6791.16943521591.0363231001
0.140.07341873180.07341873180.140.140.17115970850.60.650.470.4830.4390.9668737061.0626958512
0.160.07714088140.07714088140.160.160.19524478180.70.770.280.3560.2190.79213483151.2878897224
0.180.08172762490.08172762490.180.180.21828326440.80.880.430.4680.4100.9109686611.0401971197
0.20.08774560.08774560.20.20.240310240.90.950.440.4620.3980.94588744591.097440227
0.220.09565991270.09565991270.220.220.261363589510.950.400.4450.3660.90187265921.097067258
0.240.10583988020.10583988020.240.240.28148399080.440.4870.4470.8939082820.9729601059
0.260.11856477380.11856477380.260.260.30071491880.820.6020.6791.3592049491.2044921063
0.280.13402956130.13402956130.280.280.31910264550.340.4540.3830.75110132160.8907219762
0.30.152350650.152350650.30.30.336696240.400.4660.4060.85908440630.9861406379
0.320.17357162910.17357162910.320.320.35354756840.770.6480.7641.18364197531.0040797219
0.340.19766901260.19766901260.340.340.36971129380.620.5590.5941.11031604051.0449966822
0.360.22455798220.22455798220.360.360.38524487650.270.4020.2890.67412935320.9363361031
0.380.25409812970.25409812970.380.380.40020857380.200.3390.1960.59685349071.0302266983
0.40.28609920.28609920.40.40.414665440.740.5610.5981.32501485441.2430417142
0.420.32032683350.32032683350.420.420.42868132650.770.6550.7761.17353689570.9906900929
0.440.3565083090.3565083090.440.440.44232488170.770.6240.7211.22596153851.0611958849
0.460.39433828660.39433828660.460.460.45566755110.840.6910.8331.21900627111.0109323254
0.480.43348455010.43348455010.480.480.46878357730.640.5810.6381.09896729781.0005264502
0.50.473593750.473593750.50.50.481750.780.6360.7431.2334905661.0562499721
0.520.51429714590.51429714590.520.520.49464665570.680.6050.6851.12892561980.9969404905
0.540.55521634940.55521634940.540.540.50755617830.330.3900.2700.84871794871.2268131817
0.560.5959690670.5959690670.560.560.52056399850.810.6420.7531.25934579441.0731475204
0.580.63617484250.63617484250.580.580.53375834410.000
0.60.67546080.67546080.60.60.547230240.000
0.620.71346738630.71346738630.620.620.56107350820.130.2350.1030.53617021281.2225208646
0.640.74985411380.74985411380.640.640.57538476770.000
0.660.78430530340.78430530340.660.660.59026343461.000.9680.9981.03305785121.0021281063
0.680.81653582690.81653582690.680.680.6058117220.470.4880.4490.95969945361.042053626
0.70.846296850.846296850.70.70.622134640.740.6320.7361.16508438821.0011131001
0.720.87338157470.87338157470.720.720.63933999590.710.6370.7451.1190476190.9574503021
0.740.89763098220.89763098220.740.740.6575383940.850.7050.8531.20945626480.9992273295
0.760.91893957580.91893957580.760.760.67684323560.170.3640.2300.47252747250.7469838651
0.780.93726112330.93726112330.780.780.69737071910.740.6280.7281.1735668791.0120362893
0.80.95261440.95261440.80.80.719239840.820.6930.8361.18662818660.9834461098
0.820.96508893110.96508893110.820.820.74257239080.000
0.840.97485073460.97485073460.840.840.7674929610.230.3760.2480.6152482270.9328466039
0.860.98214806420.98214806420.860.860.79412893730.210.2540.1140.83858267721.8607996474
0.880.98731715170.98731715170.880.880.82261050340.000
0.90.990787950.990787950.90.90.853070640.460.4470.3701.03579418341.2527809475
0.920.99308987550.99308987550.920.920.88564512490.440.4650.4040.95483870971.0989692707
0.940.9948575510.9948575510.940.940.92047253290.520.4610.3961.13340563991.3185547559
0.960.99683654860.99683654860.960.960.95769423590.690.6280.7281.10615711250.9539048516
0.980.99988913210.99988913210.980.980.99745440290.380.4170.3150.89928057551.1902454347
11.0051.005111.03990.380.4340.3450.88325652841.1096113352
000.470.4670.4081.00999286221.1563080489
000.380.4210.3220.89865399841.174612932
000.750.6550.7761.14860050890.9696390025
000.700.6360.7431.10534591190.9465184581
000.700.6470.7621.07985574450.916707949
000.550.5260.5271.04752851711.0463993268
000.430.4790.4320.9067501741.0065630737
000.240.4200.3200.56428571430.7398693311
000.620.5080.4901.2185039371.2637170458
000.320.4150.3120.76947791161.0248987349
000.430.4300.3381.00542635661.2783675595
000.360.4450.3660.79850187270.9713236686
000.360.4670.4080.76659528910.8776500668
000.600.5100.4941.18366013071.2222579243
000.660.5470.5701.20383912251.1562402647
000.810.5990.6741.34835837511.1991654452
000.640.5820.6401.10595647191.0054921124
000.730.6490.7661.12840267080.9565301256
000.210.3670.2350.5658492280.8851787895
000.220.3270.1820.66055045871.1888929271
000.190.3570.2200.52007469650.8425927712
000.450.4820.4370.94190871371.03781363
000.430.4470.3700.95898583151.1598821444
000.360.4270.3330.85402029661.0958088576
000.600.5720.6201.0530303030.9712198594
000.540.5440.5630.99571078430.9614375688
000.210.3840.2600.55295138890.8156992136
000.200.2630.1210.74968314321.6334438413
000.880.7180.8711.2307335191.0147774702
000.500.5030.4800.99834327371.0468991098
000.400.4620.3980.86868686871.0078703534
000.630.5520.5801.13375603861.0795582716
000.470.5120.4980.92573635060.9518211741
000.440.4830.4390.92063492061.011874565
000.470.4960.4660.93750.9988992789
000.650.5990.6741.08959376740.9690325801
000.780.6590.7831.18057663130.9940799191
000.460.4810.4350.95911295911.0593913967
000.530.5390.5530.98206555350.9569069547
000.660.5670.6101.16284538511.0806571106
000.490.4820.4371.01867219921.1223931549
000.660.5770.6301.15020219531.0531154874
000.630.5740.6241.10452961671.0157115982
000.470.4730.4200.9883720931.114009376
000.710.6110.6971.1598472451.0174025252
000.630.5860.6481.07849829350.9751974588
000.610.5820.6401.04524627720.9502967919
000.390.4390.3550.89293849661.1052919536
000.680.5420.5591.24723247231.2086419533
000.350.4320.3420.81327160491.0278310042
000.370.4340.3450.84408602151.0604024847
000.690.6020.6791.14451827241.0142423522
000.630.6020.6791.05094130680.9313168769
000.400.4800.4330.83750.9273686914
000.760.6590.7831.148204350.9668215152
000.680.6090.6931.11767925560.9825674275
000.380.4490.3730.83593170011.0053200454
000.350.4750.4240.72982456140.8183944881
000.740.6170.7081.19556996221.0421057883
000.690.6190.7121.10877759830.9644893804
000.590.5660.6081.03415783270.9625524472
000.580.5620.6001.03618030840.9705224159
000.580.5640.6041.03250591020.9640226072
000.630.5750.6261.09971014491.0098021882
000.850.7110.8621.1884669480.9808063931
000.820.7050.8531.16879432620.965633291
000.860.6820.8201.26099706741.049258006
000.850.7070.8561.19943422910.9905498991
000.740.6640.7911.11445783130.9355984793
000.760.6800.8171.12352941180.935660108
000.810.7090.8591.13963328630.9408182781
000.820.7190.8721.1404728790.940266085
000.100.1220.0700.81967213111.4234197489
001.000.8540.9801.17096018741.0202005935
001.000.9740.9991.02669404521.0011969625
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Green Diamonds = Datapoint to create Blue Polynom FitBlue = old Polynom Fit (not editable)Red = Data points of reziproke function of Blue Polynom FitPurple = Fit function (polynom) of Red datapoints
aktuell
umkehr
Punkte
umkehr fit
nopoly (raw)
Calculated with polinominal function
0.0371-0.0291
0.16571.6385
2.5283-1.5335
-1.83040.2356
0.05690.728400
11
aktuellumkehrumkehr fit
00.03710.037100-0.029100.05operatornopoly (raw)poly (original)
0.020.04141068590.04141068590.020.020.00305860130.10.050.430.4400.4600.98484848480.9420289855
0.040.04765628010.04765628010.040.040.03400334310.20.150.530.5110.5161.03131115461.0213178295
0.060.0557492510.0557492510.060.060.06374972970.30.30.760.6360.6611.18710691821.1422087746
0.080.06560228580.06560228580.080.080.09231606250.40.40.350.3840.3710.92144097220.9537286613
0.10.077128290.077128290.10.10.119723440.450.450.540.5130.5171.05847953221.0502901354
0.120.09024038760.09024038760.120.120.14599575780.50.520.700.6020.6211.16943521591.1336553945
0.140.10485192110.10485192110.140.140.17115970850.60.650.470.4830.4800.9668737060.9729166667
0.160.12087645160.12087645160.160.160.19524478180.70.770.280.3560.3310.79213483150.8519637462
0.180.13822775850.13822775850.180.180.21828326440.80.880.430.4680.4600.9109686610.9268115942
0.20.156819840.156819840.20.20.240310240.90.950.440.4620.4530.94588744590.9646799117
0.220.17656691250.17656691250.220.220.261363589510.950.400.4450.4280.90187265920.937694704
0.240.19738341090.19738341090.240.240.28148399080.440.4870.4890.8939082820.8902522154
0.260.21918398890.21918398890.260.260.30071491880.820.6020.6191.3592049491.3218762186
0.280.24188351850.24188351850.280.280.31910264550.340.4540.4460.75110132160.764573991
0.30.265397090.265397090.30.30.336696240.400.4660.4580.85908440630.8740902475
0.320.28964001250.28964001250.320.320.35354756840.770.6480.6731.18364197531.1396731055
0.340.31452781360.31452781360.340.340.36971129380.620.5590.5641.11031604051.1004728132
0.360.33997623910.33997623910.360.360.38524487650.270.4020.3830.67412935320.7075718016
0.380.36590125360.36590125360.380.380.40020857380.200.3390.3090.59685349070.6548004315
0.40.392219040.392219040.40.40.414665440.740.5610.5771.32501485441.2882726748
0.420.41884599980.41884599980.420.420.42868132650.770.6550.6801.17353689571.1303921569
0.440.4456987530.4456987530.440.440.44232488170.770.6240.6461.22596153851.1842105263
0.460.47269413810.47269413810.460.460.45566755110.840.6910.7181.21900627111.1731662024
0.480.49974921190.49974921190.480.480.46878357730.640.5810.5971.09896729781.0695142379
0.50.526781250.526781250.50.50.481750.780.6360.6661.2334905661.1779279279
0.520.55370774630.55370774630.520.520.49464665570.680.6050.6191.12892561981.1033925687
0.540.58044641330.58044641330.540.540.50755617830.330.3900.3760.84871794870.8803191489
0.560.60691518180.60691518180.560.560.52056399850.810.6420.6701.25934579441.2067164179
0.580.63303220140.63303220140.580.580.5337583441
0.60.658715840.658715840.60.60.54723024
0.620.6838846840.6838846840.620.620.56107350820.130.2350.2080.53617021280.6057692308
0.640.70845753830.70845753830.640.640.5753847677
0.660.73235342640.73235342640.660.660.59026343461.000.9680.9431.03305785121.0604453871
0.680.75549159010.75549159010.680.680.6058117220.470.4880.4870.95969945360.961670089
0.70.777791490.777791490.70.70.622134640.740.6320.6591.16508438821.1173495195
0.720.79917280490.79917280490.720.720.63933999590.710.6370.6581.1190476191.0833333333
0.740.81955543210.81955543210.740.740.6575383940.850.7050.7391.20945626481.1538114569
0.760.83885948770.83885948770.760.760.67684323560.170.3640.3390.47252747250.5073746313
0.780.85700530610.85700530610.780.780.69737071910.740.6280.6491.1735668791.1355932203
0.80.873913440.873913440.80.80.719239840.820.6930.7201.18662818661.1421296296
0.820.88950466090.88950466090.820.820.7425723908
0.840.90369995880.90369995880.840.840.7674929610.230.3760.3440.6152482270.6724806202
0.860.91642054190.91642054190.860.860.79412893730.210.2540.2300.83858267720.9260869565
0.880.92758783720.92758783720.880.880.8226105034
0.90.937123490.937123490.90.90.853070640.460.4470.4301.03579418341.076744186
0.920.94494936420.94494936420.920.920.88564512490.440.4650.4530.95483870970.9801324503
0.940.95098754220.95098754220.940.940.92047253290.520.4610.4441.13340563991.1768018018
0.960.95516032490.95516032490.960.960.95769423590.690.6280.6511.10615711251.0670762929
0.980.95739023150.95739023150.980.980.99745440290.380.4170.4070.89928057550.9213759214
10.95760.9576111.03990.380.4340.4270.88325652840.8977361436
000.470.4670.4681.00999286221.0078347578
000.380.4210.4150.89865399840.9116465863
000.750.6550.6791.14860050891.1080019637
000.700.6360.6631.10534591191.060331825
000.700.6470.6701.07985574451.0427860697
000.550.5260.5291.04752851711.0415879017
000.430.4790.4750.9067501740.9143859649
000.240.4200.4000.56428571430.5925
000.620.5080.5081.2185039371.218503937
000.320.4150.3980.76947791160.8023450586
000.430.4300.4061.00542635661.0648604269
000.360.4450.4280.79850187270.8302180685
000.360.4670.4510.76659528910.7937915743
000.600.5100.5061.18366013071.1930171278
000.660.5470.5511.20383912251.1950998185
000.810.5990.6171.34835837511.3090221502
000.640.5820.5991.10595647191.0745687257
000.730.6490.6741.12840267081.0865479723
000.210.3670.3480.5658492280.596743295
000.220.3270.2880.66055045870.75
000.190.3570.3260.52007469650.5695296524
000.450.4820.4760.94190871370.9537815126
000.430.4470.4320.95898583150.9922839506
000.360.4270.4040.85402029660.902640264
000.600.5720.5871.0530303031.0261215219
000.540.5440.5520.99571078430.9812801932
000.210.3840.3540.55295138890.5998116761
000.200.2630.2320.74968314320.8498563218
000.880.7180.7491.2307335191.1797952826
000.500.5030.5050.99834327370.9943894389
000.400.4620.4560.86868686870.8801169591
000.630.5520.5611.13375603861.1155674391
000.470.5120.5150.92573635060.9203437116
000.440.4830.4800.92063492060.9263888889
000.470.4960.4970.93750.9356136821
000.650.5990.6171.08959376741.057806591
000.780.6590.6851.18057663131.1357664234
000.460.4810.4790.95911295910.9631176061
000.530.5390.5460.98206555350.9694749695
000.660.5670.5791.16284538511.1387449626
000.490.4820.4751.01867219921.0336842105
000.660.5770.5961.15020219531.1135346756
000.630.5740.5891.10452961671.0764006791
000.470.4730.4690.9883720930.9968017058
000.710.6110.6321.1598472451.1213080169
000.630.5860.6031.07849829351.048092869
000.610.5820.5981.04524627721.0172798216
000.390.4390.4260.89293849660.9201877934
000.680.5420.5461.24723247231.2380952381
000.350.4320.4140.81327160490.8486312399
000.370.4340.4160.84408602150.8806089744
000.690.6020.6221.14451827241.1077170418
000.630.6020.6221.05094130681.0171489818
000.400.4800.4780.83750.8410041841
000.760.6590.6851.148204351.104622871
000.680.6090.6301.11767925561.0804232804
000.380.4490.4350.83593170010.862835249
000.350.4750.4680.72982456140.7407407407
000.740.6170.6391.19556996221.1544079291
000.690.6190.6391.10877759831.0740740741
000.590.5660.5801.03415783271.0091954023
000.580.5620.5741.03618030841.0145180023
000.580.5640.5771.03250591021.009243212
000.630.5750.5901.09971014491.0717514124
000.850.7110.7461.1884669481.1327077748
000.820.7050.7331.16879432621.1241473397
000.860.6820.7151.26099706741.2027972028
000.850.7070.7371.19943422911.1506105834
000.740.6640.6881.11445783131.0755813953
000.760.6800.7061.12352941181.0821529745
000.810.7090.7351.13963328631.0993197279
000.820.7190.7501.1404728791.0933333333
000.100.1220.1070.81967213110.9345794393
001.000.8540.8411.17096018741.1890606421
001.000.9740.9431.02669404521.0604453871
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Green Diamonds = Datapoint to create Blue Polynom FitBlue = old Polynom Fit (not editable)Red = Data points of reziproke function of Blue Polynom FitPurple = Fit function (polynom) of Red datapoints
aktuell
umkehr
Punkte
umkehr fit
nopoly (raw)
poly (original)
aktueller Polyfit
27 Retsch Technology GmbH
Powdered Metal
Sorting metals by Roundness (Willingness to roll)
Reports and Warnings
28 Retsch Technology GmbH
29 Retsch Technology GmbH
Optical Process Control Analysis for Size and Shape
Dispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)
30 Retsch Technology GmbH
Particle Size Range from 1 m to 3 mm
Three modes in 2 modules (dry and wet):
X-Fall: for dry and free flowing particles X-Jet: air pressure dispersion for fine and agglomerated powders X-Flow: wet module for emulsions and suspensions, with ultrasonic probe, optional for organic solvents
Modular "X-Change" Concept
31 Retsch Technology GmbH
Flexible configuration for a wide application range
simple safe fast
Dispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)
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Dry Dispersion Inserts (2 Plug-In Options)
X- Fall (Gravity dispersion)
X-Jet (Air pressure dispersion)
Advantages
fast repeatable and reproducible
maintenance free and robust
precise
33 Retsch Technology GmbH
Dispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)
34 Retsch Technology GmbH
Dry Dispersion with X-Jet
Measurement range from 1 m to 3 mm
For fine powders and agglomerating materials
Dry Dispersion by pressurized air
Measurement principle X-Jet
35 Retsch Technology GmbH
Results
36 Retsch Technology GmbH
For agglomerating powders
- Metal powder - Coal dust - Wheat flour
Particle size
Lower Measurement Range
37 Retsch Technology GmbH
38 Retsch Technology GmbH
Reproducibility of Metal Powder Results
Customer had sent 30 different samples to Retsch Technology but some of these samples were the same (red, blue and green). We found out the groups and showed to the customer the good reproducibility of CAMSIZER XT (and proofed his sample splitting as well)
xc_min [m] 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
q3 [%/m]
Powder-#8-X-Jet-30kPa_vvv_xc_min_Mv.rdf Powder-#8-X-Jet-30kPa_TP1_vvv_xc_min_001.rdf Powder-#8-X-Jet-30kPa_TP2_vvv_xc_min_002.rdf Powder-#13-X-Jet-30kPa_TP1_vvv_xc_min_001.rdf Powder-#13-X-Jet-30kPa_TP2_vvv_xc_min_002.rdf Powder-#13-X-Jet-30kPa_vvv_xc_min_Mv.rdf Powder-#27-X-Jet-30kPa_TP1_vvv_xc_min_001.rdf Powder-#27-X-Jet-30kPa_TP2_vvv_xc_min_002.rdf Powder-#27-X-Jet-30kPa_vvv_xc_min_Mv.rdf
CAMSIZER XT for Metal Powders
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CAMSIZER XT for Metal Powders
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Metal Powder
Reproducibility and Instrument-to-Instrument agreement = 0.1m 0.3m
Features of the CAMSIZER
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Calibration Reticule
- Traceble to an International Standard - Covering the Whole Measurement Range - Instrument to Instrument Agreement
Static Calibration
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Features of the CAMSIZER XT
Calibration Reticule
Static Calibration
43 Retsch Technology GmbH
Features of the CAMSIZER XT
Calibration Reticule
Static Calibration
Physical Dynamic Partical Standards
44 Retsch Technology GmbH
Whitehouse Glass Bead Standard XX030 for X-Dry and X-Fall
Dynamic Calibration
Size Range and Sieve Correlation
45 Retsch Technology GmbH
System Comparison
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Particle size
Results X-Flow
Particle Size Distribution 2.5 m + 5 m, Wet Dispersion
xc_min [m]4 6 8 10 120
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
q3 [%/m]
Duke10um12um_gl0_xc_min_009.rdfDuke10um12um_gl0_xc_min_010.rdfDuke10um12um_gl0_xc_min_011.rdfDuke10um_xc_min_002.rdfDuke10um_xc_min_003.rdfDuke10um_xc_min_004.rdf
48 Retsch Technology GmbH
Particle size
Results X-Flow (Calibration)
Particle Size Distribution 10 m + 12 m, Wet Dispersion
Content
49 Retsch Technology GmbH
Instrument
1.Measurement principle
2.Results
Applications
3. Markets and applications
4. Alternative analysis methods
Digital image processing with patented 2-camera system (ISO 13322-2)
Wide dynamic range from 1 m to > 3 mm
Newly developed optical system with ultra bright LEDs for sharp contrasts and large depth of focus
Short analysis time 1 3 minutes for few million particles
Safe detection of oversized and undersized
Modules for dry and wet dispersion
Analysis results compatible to sieve analysis
Advantages
50 Retsch Technology GmbH
Content
51 Retsch Technology GmbH
Instrument
1.Measurement principle
2.Results
Applications
3. Markets and applications
4. Alternative analysis methods
Industrial labs
Research institutes
Production control
Quality control for final products
Quality control of incoming raw materials
Immediate control and optimisation of
production processes
Application areas
52 Retsch Technology GmbH
Application areas
53 Retsch Technology GmbH
Typical sample materials
Pharmaceutical powders, granules or
small pellets
Pulverized and granulated food, spices
Detergents, enzymes, fillers for washing powders
Metal or ore powders
Abrasives (medium and small grit)
Sand and cement, building materials, limestone
Fibres
Content
54 Retsch Technology GmbH
Instrument
1.Measurement principle
2.Results
Applications
3. Markets and applications
4. Alternative analysis methods
Alternative Methods
55 Retsch Technology GmbH
Sieving CAMSIZER XT Size range 10 m - 63 mm 1 m 3 mm Shape analysis no yes Detection of oversized particles each particle
few big particles from < 0.1% Vol.
Resolution poor high resolution
Multi-modal distributions poor size resolution better resolution
Repeatability and lab-to-lab comparison difficult superior
Comparison with sieving identical results possible
Handling simple, but time consuming easy and fast
Sieving CAMSIZER XT
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Results X-Jet
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Identical results to sieve analysis
xc_min [mm] 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
Ca-hydrogenphosphate_100kPa-T38567-vvv_xc_min_005.rdf Ca-hydrogenphosphate_100kPa-T38567-vvv_xc_min_003.rdf Ca-hydrogenphosphate_100kPa-T38567-vvv_xc_min_004.rdf T38567-Sieve-Analysis-Customer-Site.ref
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Sieving CAMSIZER XT
Spheroidal Particles
x [m] 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 Passing [%]
Sample-1__xc_min_002.rdf Sample-1__xc_min_001.rdf Sieving-Nominal-S1.ref
xc min = = d = Xc min
particle-width
59 Retsch Technology GmbH
Sieving CAMSIZER XT
Influence of Mesh Width
1400m 1400m 1429.5m
Mesh sizes warp Mesh sizes weft
Nominal Sieve Mesh = 1400m Real Sieve Mesh >1400 = 1455
only beads < 1400m
will pass the sieve mesh
beads > 1400m will not pass the sieve mesh
Upper mesh size range ~1455m sieve No. 03033531 (nominal 1400m)
Theory: Reality:
60 Retsch Technology GmbH
Sieving CAMSIZER XT
Real Mesh Width
x [m] 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 Passing [%]
Sample-1__xc_min_002.rdf Sieving-upper-range-S1.ref
61 Retsch Technology GmbH
Sample Reproducibility of CAMSIZER XT measurements of xc min (red, and blue) with Basic + Zoom or Zoom only, Retsch sieve result (real mesh sizes from optical inspection) AS 200 TAB (*black), Customer nominal sieve results (*blue)
Results of Metal Powder
xc_min [m] 10 20 30 40 50 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%] Solder_Sample_G_xc_min_001.rdf Solder_Sample_G_xc_min_002.rdf Solder_Sample_G_xc_min_003.rdf Tin-Solder_Sample_G__xc_min_001.rdf Tin-Solder_Sample_G__xc_min_002.rdf Tin-Solder_Sample_G__xc_min_003.rdf RT1763 Sieve-Analysis G customer-site-nominal.ref RT1763 Sieve-Analysis_G_AS200tap_real-sizes.ref
Applications: Metal powders Material: Cu
62 Retsch Technology GmbH
Identical results to the sieve analysis
xc_min [mm]0.04 0.1 0.2 0.4 1 20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
Automatic reports, many languages
available
Comparison of Methods: Sieving robust and industrial-suited easy handling references available from user
Advantages
Disadvantages
high amount of time and work low resolution, small number
of investigatable classes limited sample amount
(overloading is critical) Difference between
nominal and real sizes
Competing Measuring Methods
Worn out sieves
64 Retsch Technology GmbH
F2
F1
1. Move
2. Sliding friction
3. Static friction
xc_min [mm]0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
q3 [%/m m]5454_PT100_xc_min_008.rdf5454_random_xc_m in_009.rdf5454_Huntsman-sieve.ref
Round particles with low density
are captured without
rerelease
Sieving Problems (here Blinding and Overloading)
Test Sieves that comply with standards
If sieve analysis is used for quality control within the context of DIN EN ISO 9000:2000
then both the sieve shaker and the test sieves must be subjected to
test agent monitoring.
w = mesh width d = wire diameter
Tolerance for mean value (Y): The mean value of the mesh width must not differ from the nominal value w by more than the tolerance Y. w
w
d
d
Technical requirements & testing according to ISO 3310
CAMSIZER XT finding Fibers in Beads
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Finding the Fibers
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Finding the Fibers
CAMSIZER XT finding Fibers in Beads
CAMSIZER XT Laser sizer
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Laser sizer CAMSIZER XT Size range down to 20 nm > 1 m Shape analysis no yes Detection of oversized particles percent range
few big particles < 0.1% Vol.
Resolution good for fines better resolution for large particles
Multi-modal distributions more difficult better volume model, better size resolution Comparison with sieving not possible identical results
Information content black box + mathematics pictures
CAMSIZER XT Optical Microscope
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Microscope CAMSIZER XT Size range 0.5 500 m 1 m -3 mm
Shape analysis yes superior image quality yes
Detection of oversized particles no
few big particles < 0.1% Vol.
Resolution better good
Statistics Low, few 1,000 particles million particles/minute
Comparison with sieving not possible identical results possible
Handling time consuming fast Representative Sample Amounts
difficult, only narrow distributions
yes, small and large amounts
70 Retsch Technology GmbH
CAMSIZER XT Optical Microscope
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xc_min [m]200 400 600 800 10000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
PPO-646_xc_min_001.rdfRT1766_ppo646_sieve.ref
CAMSIZER XT Optical Microscope
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CAMSIZER XT CAMSIZER
CAMSIZER CAMSIZER XT Size range 30 m 30mm 1 m -3 mm Shape analysis yes yes Detection of oversized particles yes yes
Images / second 60 277 Resolution CCD-Cameras 790,000 1,300,000
Comparison with sieving identical results possible identical results
possible Handling fast fast Representative Sample Amounts
yes, small and large amounts
yes, small and large amounts
73 Retsch Technology GmbH
Comparison of CAMSIZER and CAMSIZER XT
Results of CAMSIZER (black) and CAMSIZER-XT (red) of sample #30 CAMSIZER distribution is wider, the results are not that accurate and
repeatable as results from CAMSIZER XT.
Results of Metal Powder
xc_min [m] 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Q3 [%]
XT-with-X-Jet-#30-Einzel-250kPa_xc_min_005.rdf XT-with-X-Jet-#30-Einzel-250kPa_xc_min_006.rdf XT-with-X-Jet-#30-Einzel-250kPa_xc_min_007.rdf XT-with-X-Jet-#30-Einzel-250kPa_xc_min_008.rdf #30-classic-CAMSIZER-Repeatability-xc_min_013.rdf #30-classic-CAMSIZER-Repeatability-xc_min_014.rdf #30-classic-CAMSIZER-Repeatability-xc_min_015.rdf #30-classic-CAMSIZER-Repeatability-xc_min_Mv.rdf
CAMSIZER XT for 3D Printing Powders
74 Retsch Technology GmbH
Unique, almost 100% agreement with sieve results (particle width = xc min) Reliable detection of oversized and undersized particles down to 0.01% Fast: typically 1-3 minutes per measurement Flexible dispersion options (air pressure, liquid, free fall) Shape analysis (roundness, aspect ratio, circularity, etc.) Surface area calculation Independent measurement of particle length and width provides more details CAMSIZERs equivalent circle area (xarea) to compare with laser particle sizers Very repeatable and reproducible results, with excellent instrument-to-instrument agreement Very high resolution (excellent capability to detect multimodal distributions!) Easy to operate, results independent from operators
Applications Plastic, Ceramic & Metal Powder
Thank you for your attention!
Slide Number 1 CAMSIZER XT 3D Printing Additive Manufacturing June 23 of 2016 What are You interested in?- Metal Powders- Minimum resolution required1 3 pixels for size3 20 5000 pixels for shapeSurface area / Volume= Specific Surface= Ellipsoidal Surface / Ellipsoidal Volume Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Example of 3D PrintingExample for 3D printing3D Printing (Plastic and Metal Powder)Product Examples (3D Printing Powders)3D Printing of Metal ConstrustionsCAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid PrototypingCAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid PrototypingCAMSIZER XT 3D Printing & Rapid PrototypingContentMeasurement principle Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT) Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT) Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT) Measurement principle (CAMSIZER XT) Measurement ResultsParticle SizeResults X-Jet Particle Shape (CAMSIZER and CAMSIZER XT)Slide Number 24Manual Roundness MeasurementSlide Number 26Powdered MetalReports and WarningsOptical Process ControlAnalysis for Size and ShapeDispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)Modular "X-Change" ConceptDispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)AdvantagesDispersion Modules (CAMSIZER XT)Measurement principle X-Jet ResultsLower Measurement RangeReproducibility of Metal Powder ResultsCAMSIZER XT for Metal PowdersCAMSIZER XT for Metal PowdersFeatures of the CAMSIZERSlide Number 42Slide Number 43Physical Dynamic Partical StandardsSize Range and Sieve CorrelationSystem ComparisonResults X-Flow Results X-Flow (Calibration) ContentAdvantagesContentApplication areasApplication areasContentAlternative MethodsSieving CAMSIZER XTResults X-Jet Sieving CAMSIZER XTSieving CAMSIZER XTSieving CAMSIZER XTResults of Metal PowderApplications: Metal powdersMaterial: CuComparison of Methods: SievingSlide Number 64Test Sievesthat comply with standardsCAMSIZER XT finding Fibers in BeadsCAMSIZER XT finding Fibers in BeadsCAMSIZER XT Laser sizerCAMSIZER XT Optical MicroscopeCAMSIZER XT Optical MicroscopeCAMSIZER XT Optical MicroscopeCAMSIZER XT CAMSIZERResults of Metal PowderCAMSIZER XT for 3D Printing PowdersSlide Number 75