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Analysis of potential vectors of Serratia marcescens as a Caretta caretta nest pathogen Giancarlo Coppola

Analysis of potential vectors of Serratia marcescens as a Caretta caretta nest pathogen

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Analysis  of  potential  vectors  of    

Serratia  marcescens  as  a  Caretta  caretta    nest  pathogen  

Giancarlo  Coppola    

Caretta  caretta  on  BHI    •  Nes/ng  season:  May-­‐August  •  Females  bury  their  eggs  in  the  sand  •  Do  not  return  to  nests  

     •  Incuba/on  period:  50-­‐70  days  

•  Nests  are  excavated  3  days            following  the  hatch  

Discoveries  During  Excavations  

•  Eggs  are  uncovered  •  Nest  success  is  inves/gated  •  Incuba/on  results/observa/ons  recorded  

•  Several  documented  cases  of  eggs  turning  pink  •  Amount  of  discolored  eggs  varied  •  Usually  labeled  as  a  fungus  

         WHAT  IS  IT?!  

Identi;ication  of  Microbial  Communities  

J.  Wyneken  et  al.  1984  •  Canaveral  Na/onal  Seashore,  FL,  USA  •  N=31  nests,  1  season  •  Tested  cloaca,  nest  walls,              interior/exterior  of  egg    K.  Craven  et  al.  2007  •  Jekyll  Island,  GA,  USA  •  N=15  nests,  2  seasons  •  Only  tested  unhatched  eggs  •  Microbial  communi/es  vary            between  seasons  

   

Both  Studies  •  20  different  genera  of  bacteria  •  Only  1  species  associated  with  all  pink  nests  

Serratia  marcescens  •  Member  of  Enterobacteriales    •  Gram  Nega/ve  Bacillus    

•  LPS:  Known  to  produce                          24  different  an/gens  

•  Found  in  soil,  water,  air,  plants          diges/ve  tract  of  animals  •  Tolerates  extreme  condi/ons  •  Produces  different  locomo/ve  structures  

•  Pili/we`ng  agent  for  adhesion    

•  Biosynthesis  of  prodigiosin  

Purpose                Where’s  it  coming  from?  

   Iden/fy  the  vector  responsible    Environment?                    Mother?  

Hypotheses    1.  The  cloacal  fluid  of  female  loggerheads  contains  minute  

quan//es  of  S.  marcescens  because  it  is  a  shared  vent  for  the  release  of  fecal  material.  

2.  Storm  surges  that  cause  ocean  levels  to  rise  higher  than  normal  and  wash  over  nests  contain  S.  marcescens  due  to  poten/al  overflow  of  local  sep/c  systems.  

3.  Re-­‐nourished  por/ons  of  south  beach  cause  S.  marcesens  nest  contamina/on.  

Pink  Nests  on  Bald  Head  Island  2000-­‐2013  

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Nest  Loca/on  Nest  Count  

•  Mean  nest  failure  =  48%  (±38%)  

Methods:  Field  Sampling    Mucus  

Sand  

Methods:  Laboratory  Protocol  1.  Samples  immersed  in  MR-­‐VP  broth  

•  Incubated  for  at  least  48h  at  room  temperature    

2.  Swabbed  onto  nutrient  agar  plates  

•  Incubated  for  at  least  48h  at  room  temperature    

•  Analyzed  for  pink  colonies  

3.  Streak  plates  to  isolate  colonies    

4.  Observed  colony  morphology  

Sample  Nests  Date  of  

Oviposi/on   Nest  6/20/2014   9  6/24/2014   12  6/28/2014   14  *7/5/2014*   19  7/14/2014   23  7/14/2014   24  7/18/2014   26  •  7  nests  

•  5  relocated    

Hurricane  Arthur  07/03/14  •  Nest  19:  *Oviposi/on  two  days  following*  •  Nest  9:  Addi/onal  sand  sample  (07/09/14)  

Results    •  All  samples  from  all  seven  nests  did  not  produce  any  red/pink  colonies  

•   All  samples  produced  substan/al  growth  of  mixed  cultures  •  Except  the  mucus  sample  from  nest  12:  No  growth  

Discussion    •  S.  marcescens  was  not  present  in  any  sample.      •  S.  marcescens  was  present  in  some  of  my  samples  yet  did  not  produce  prodigiosin.    •  No  visible  colonies  formed  because  there  weren't  enough  colony  forming  units  to  produce  anything  negligible.  •  Other  bacteria  inhibited  the  growth  of  S.  marcescens.  •  My  methods  were  faulty  and  caused  cells  to  die  before  they  reached  growth  media.    

Future  Research  •  Increase  sample  size  

•  Extend  across  mul/ple  seasons  

•  Iden/fy  microbes  using  polymerase  chain  reac/ons  (PCR)  

Thank  You  Kindly!  • Sheila  and  Jon  May  • Sheila  Schreiner  • Kendyll  Collins,  Courtney  Colwell  • Jaymie  Reneker  • BHI  conservancy  and  all  BHI  staff  

References  •  Craven  KS,  Awong-­‐Taylor  J,  Griffiths  L,  Bass  C,  Muscarella  M.  2007.  Iden/fica/on  

of  bacterial  isolated  from  unhatched  loggerhead  (Care,a  care,a)  sea  turtle  eggs  in  Georgia,  USA.  Marine  Turtle  Newsleper  (115):9-­‐11.  

•  Hejazi  A,  Falkiner  FR.  Serra-a  marcescens.  1997.  Journal  of  Medical  Biology  46  (11):  903-­‐912.  doi:  10.1099/00222615-­‐46-­‐11-­‐903  

•  Loggerhead  (Care,a  care,a).  2009.  Encyclopedia  of  Endangered  Species  (1).  hpp://corvepe.salemstate.edu:2214/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=mlin_n_state&currPage=&disableHighligh/ng=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&ac/on=e&catId=&ac/vityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644720257  

 •  Tortora  GJ,  Funke  BR,  Case  CL.  2004.  Microbiology:  an  introduc/on  .  8th  ed.  San  

Francisco  (CA):  p.  313-­‐314.    

•  Wyneken  J,  Burke  TJ,  Salmon  M,  Pedersen  DK.  1988.  Egg  failure  in  natural  and  relocated  sea  turtle  nests.  Journal  of  Herpetology  22(1):  88-­‐96.  

 

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